Abstract
Personal hygiene products such as toilet papers and moist wipes that are disposed of into wastewater collection systems blend with other wastewater constituents such as grease and sand to form solid mixtures. Such waste mixtures accumulate in critical parts of sewer systems, where wastewater flow rate and velocity is low. In time, the accumulations lead into pipe blockages and sewer overflows. As a result, residents face property damages, financial costs, and public health threats. Consequently, municipalities and individuals spend considerable amount of funds to rectify sewer problems. In this context, this study systematically identifies critical causes of sewer blockages. For this purpose, the authors carried out field observations in main sewers, street manholes, drains, and connection boxes of commercial and residential buildings. Field studies were carried out with assistance from Water and Sewer Authority of Sakarya Metropolitan Municipality. Key causes of sewer blockages are categorized in two groups as human errors, and construction problems. Typical example of human errors include inappropriate disposal of solid wastes (e.g. baby diapers) into sewer systems. Construction problems can be typified as insufficient pipe slopes, and deformation of sewer pipes due to reasons such as heavy traffic load. Potential solutions are offered to minimize blockages in sewer networks.
Keywords
Wastewater collection systems causes of sewer blockages consumer errors construction problems
References
- 1. Ashley, R. M., Bertrand-Krajewski, J. -L. Hvitved-Jacobsen, T., Verbanck, M. (2004) Solids in sewers: Characteristics, effects and control of sewer solids and associated pollutants. Scientific and Technical Report No.14. IWA Yayınları, Londra.
- 2. Brown, D. M., Butler, D., Orman, N. R., Davies, J. W. (1996) Gross solids transport in small diameter sewers, Water Science and Technology, 33(9), 25-30. doi: 10.2166/wst.1996.0168
- 3. Durukan, S. ve Karadagli, F. (2019) Physical characteristics, fiber compositions, and tensile properties of nonwoven wipes and toilet papers in relevance to what is flushable. Science of the Total Environment, 697, 134135. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.13413
- 4. He, X., De Los Reyes, F. L., Leming, M., Dean, L. O., Lappi, S. E., Ducoste, J. J. (2013) Mechanisms of fat, oil, and grease (FOG) deposit formation in sewer lines, Water Research, 47, 4451-4459. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.05.002
- 5. Karadagli, F., McAvoy, D. C., Rittmann, B. E. (2009) Development of a Mathematical Model for Physical Disintegration of Flushable Consumer Products in Wastewater Systems, Water Environment Research, 81 (5), 459-465. doi: 10.2175/106143008X357101
- 6. Karadagli, F., Rittmann, B. E., McAvoy, D. C., Richardson, J. E. (2012) Effect of turbulence on disintegration rate of flushable consumer products, Water Environment Research, 84 (5), 424-433. doi: 10.2175/106143012X13354606450960
- 7. Keener, K. M., Ducoste, J. J., Holt, L. M. (2008) Properties influencing fat, oil, and grease deposit formation, Water Environment Research, 80 (12), 2241-2246. doi: 10.2175/193864708X267441
- 8. Shahsavari, G., Arnaud-Fasseta, G., Campisano, A. (2017) A field experiment to evaluate the cleaning performance of sewer flushing on non-uniform sediment deposits, Water Research, 118, 59-69. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.04.026
- 9. Tang, Y. ve Jin, W.Y. (2013) Study on flushability testing of wood pulp composite spunlaced nonwovens, Advanced Materials Research, 610-613, pp. 490-493. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.610-613.490
- 10. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (2004) Report to congress: Impacts and controls of CSOs and SSOs, EPA 833-R-04-001, Office of Water, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-10/documents/csossortc2004_full.pdf
- 11. Vernback, M.A. (1995) Capturing and releasing settleable solids: The significance of dense undercurrents in combined sewer flows, Water Science and Technology, 31(7), 85-93. doi: 10.2166/wst.1995.0207
- 12. Vollertsen, J., Almedia, M. D. C., Hvitvat-jacobsen, T. (1999) Effects of temperature and dissolved oxygen on hydrolysis of sewer solids, Water Research, 33(14), 3119-3126. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00032-9
Abstract
Kanalizasyon sistemlerine bırakılan ıslak mendil ve tuvalet kağıdı gibi kişisel hijyen ürünleri atıksu toplama sistemlerindeki yağ ve benzeri hidrofobik maddelerle, veya kum gibi inorganik maddelerle birleşerek katı yumaklar haline dönüşmektedir. Bu yumaklar, kanalizasyon sistemlerinde, debinin ve/veya su akış hızının düşük olduğu noktalarda birikim yapmaktadır. Bu birikimler zamanla artmakta ve kanalizasyon sisteminde tıkanmalara ve taşmalara neden olmaktadır. Tıkanma ve taşma olaylarının sonucu olarak, halk sağlığını tehdit eden hastalık riskleri, finansal kayıplar, mal ve işgücü kayıpları meydana gelmektedir. Bunun sonucunda, belediyeler ve halk ciddi maliyetlerle karşılaşmak durumunda kalmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada atıksu toplama sistemlerinde meydana gelen tıkanmaların sebeplerinin sistematik bir şekilde tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, ana kanalizasyon hatlarında, sokak bacalarında ve binaların pissu hatları ile bağlantı bacalarında meydana gelen tıkanmaların sebepleri saha çalışmaları yapılarak tespit edilmiştir. Saha çalışmaları, Sakarya Büyükşehir Belediyesi Su ve Kanalizasyon İdaresine bağlı ekiplerin yardımıyla, yazarlar tarafından gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tıkanmaların sebepleri tüketici hataları ve inşaat hataları şeklinde iki ana grupta toplanmıştır. Tüketici hataları arasında bebek bezlerinin kanalizasyon sistemine bırakılması gibi örnekler yer alırken, inşaat hataları arasında altyapı sistemine yetersiz eğim verilmesi veya trafik yükü nedeniyle boruların deformasyonu gibi hususlar kaydedilmiştir. Kanalizasyon sistemlerindeki tıkanma problemlerinin kontrol altına alınabilmesi için potansiyel öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
References
- 1. Ashley, R. M., Bertrand-Krajewski, J. -L. Hvitved-Jacobsen, T., Verbanck, M. (2004) Solids in sewers: Characteristics, effects and control of sewer solids and associated pollutants. Scientific and Technical Report No.14. IWA Yayınları, Londra.
- 2. Brown, D. M., Butler, D., Orman, N. R., Davies, J. W. (1996) Gross solids transport in small diameter sewers, Water Science and Technology, 33(9), 25-30. doi: 10.2166/wst.1996.0168
- 3. Durukan, S. ve Karadagli, F. (2019) Physical characteristics, fiber compositions, and tensile properties of nonwoven wipes and toilet papers in relevance to what is flushable. Science of the Total Environment, 697, 134135. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.13413
- 4. He, X., De Los Reyes, F. L., Leming, M., Dean, L. O., Lappi, S. E., Ducoste, J. J. (2013) Mechanisms of fat, oil, and grease (FOG) deposit formation in sewer lines, Water Research, 47, 4451-4459. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.05.002
- 5. Karadagli, F., McAvoy, D. C., Rittmann, B. E. (2009) Development of a Mathematical Model for Physical Disintegration of Flushable Consumer Products in Wastewater Systems, Water Environment Research, 81 (5), 459-465. doi: 10.2175/106143008X357101
- 6. Karadagli, F., Rittmann, B. E., McAvoy, D. C., Richardson, J. E. (2012) Effect of turbulence on disintegration rate of flushable consumer products, Water Environment Research, 84 (5), 424-433. doi: 10.2175/106143012X13354606450960
- 7. Keener, K. M., Ducoste, J. J., Holt, L. M. (2008) Properties influencing fat, oil, and grease deposit formation, Water Environment Research, 80 (12), 2241-2246. doi: 10.2175/193864708X267441
- 8. Shahsavari, G., Arnaud-Fasseta, G., Campisano, A. (2017) A field experiment to evaluate the cleaning performance of sewer flushing on non-uniform sediment deposits, Water Research, 118, 59-69. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.04.026
- 9. Tang, Y. ve Jin, W.Y. (2013) Study on flushability testing of wood pulp composite spunlaced nonwovens, Advanced Materials Research, 610-613, pp. 490-493. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.610-613.490
- 10. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (2004) Report to congress: Impacts and controls of CSOs and SSOs, EPA 833-R-04-001, Office of Water, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-10/documents/csossortc2004_full.pdf
- 11. Vernback, M.A. (1995) Capturing and releasing settleable solids: The significance of dense undercurrents in combined sewer flows, Water Science and Technology, 31(7), 85-93. doi: 10.2166/wst.1995.0207
- 12. Vollertsen, J., Almedia, M. D. C., Hvitvat-jacobsen, T. (1999) Effects of temperature and dissolved oxygen on hydrolysis of sewer solids, Water Research, 33(14), 3119-3126. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00032-9
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Environmental Engineering |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 30, 2022 |
| Submission Date | April 7, 2021 |
| Acceptance Date | January 27, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 27 Issue: 1 |
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