Application of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma on Polypropylene

Abstract

Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment using plasma, which is the fourth state of matter, is used in many areas such as paintability and adhesion in automotive, moisture retention, air permeability, weight reduction and dirt repellency in textiles, bacterial inactivation in foods and acceleration of healing in medicine. Application of atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) on polymers is an important and increasing topic because it has advantages such as surface modification, surface activation, surface cleaning, has many combinations and provides the expected properties by controlling its parameters (power, gas flow rate, etc.). In this study, after giving general information about atmospheric pressure plasma, application of atmospheric pressure plasma especially on polypropylene (PP) material exemplified and comparisons are made with studies in similar fields. 

Keywords

• Atmospheric Plasma
• Polypropylene
• Surface Activation
• Plasma
• Dyeability
• Coating

ATMOSFERİK BASINÇLI PLAZMA UYGULAMASI İLE POLİPROPİLEN MALZEMELERDE YÜZEY İŞLEMLERİ

Abstract

Maddenin dördüncü hali olan plazmayı kullanan atmosferik basınçlı plazma işlemi otomotivde boyanabilirlik ve yapışma, tekstilde nem tutma, hava geçirgenliği, ağırlık azaltma ve kir iticilik, gıdalarda bakteri inaktivasyonu ve tıpta iyileştirme hızlandırma gibi birçok alanda kullanılmaktadır. Atmosferik basınçlı plazmanın (ABP) polimerler üzerinde kullanılması yüzey modifikasyonu, yüzey aktivasyonu sağlaması, yüzey temizliği gibi avantajlara sahip olması, pek çok kombinasyonu olması ve parametrelerinin (güç, gaz akış debisi vb.) kontrolü ile beklenen özellikleri sağlaması nedeniyle önemli ve popülerliği artan bir konudur. Bu derleme çalışmasında atmosferik basınçlı plazma hakkında genel bilgiler verildikten sonra özellikle polipropilen (PP) malzeme üzerinde atmosferik basınçlı plazma yönteminin uygulamaları örneklenmiş ve benzer alanlarda yapılan çalışmalarla karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır.

Keywords

• Atmosferik Plazma
• Polipropilen
• Yüzey Aktivasyonu
• Plazma
• Boyanabilirlik
• Kaplama

References

1. 1. Baniya, H. B., Guragain, R. P., Baniya, B. ve Subedi, D. P. (2020) Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet for the Improvement of Wettability of Polypropylene, International Journal of Polymer Science, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3860259
2. 2. Černáková, L., Černák, M., Tóth, A., Mikulášová, M., Tomašková, M. ve Kováčik, D. (2015) Chitosan immobilization to the polypropylene nonwoven after activation in atmospheric - Pressure Nitrogen Plasma, Open Chemistry, 13(1), 457–466. https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2015-0055
3. 3. Chen, G., Yin, M., Huang, J., Yu, J., Qu, S., Wang, X. ve Li, C. (2018) The polypropylene membran modified by an atmospheric pressure plasma jet as a seperator for lithium-ion button battery, Electrochimia Acta, 260 (2018), 489-497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta. 2017.12.119
4. 4. Chen, W. X., Yu, J. S., Hu, W. ve Chen, G. L. (2016) Partial hydrophilic modification of biaxially oriented polypropylene film by an atmospheric pressure plasma jet with the allylamine monomer, Applied Surface Science, 387, 957–964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.07.043
5. 5. D’Agostino, R., Favia, P., Oehr, C. ve Wertheimer, M. R. (2005) Low-temperature plasma processing of materials: Past, present, and future, Plasma Processes and Polymers, 2(1), 7–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200400074
6. 6. Encinas, N., Abenojar, J. ve Martínez, M. A. (2012) Development of improved polypropylene adhesive bonding by abrasion and atmospheric plasma surface modifications, International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 33, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2011.10.002
7. 7. Esen, S. G., Altuncu, E., Üstel, F. ve Akpınar, S. (2016) Different plasma scannıng velocities effect on surface wettability properties of polypropylene by atmospheric plasma surface activation, Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 307–316.
8. 8. Fang, Z., Xie, X., Li, J., Yang, H., Qiu, Y. ve Kuffel, E. (2009) Comparison of surface modification of polypropylene film by filamentary DBD at atmospheric pressure and homogeneous DBD at medium pressure in air, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 42(8). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/42/8/085204

9. 9. Gomez, E., Rani, D. A., Cheeseman, C. R., Deegan, D., Wise, M. ve Boccaccini, A. R. (2009) Thermal plasma technology for the treatment of wastes: A critical review, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161(2–3), 614–626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.017
10. 10. Hwang, Y. J., An, J. S., McCord, M. G., Park, S. W. ve Kang, B. C. (2003) The effect of etching on low-stress mechanical properties of polypropylene fabrics under helium/oxygen atmospheric pressure plasma, Fibers and Polymers, 4(4), 145–150. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02908270
11. 11. Hwang, Y. J., Mccord, M. G., an, J. S., Kang, B. C. ve Park, S. W. (2005) Effects of Helium Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment on Low-Stress Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Nonwoven Fabrics, Textile Research Journal, 75(11), 771–778. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517505053805
12. 12. Jinka, S., Behrens, R., Korzeniewski, C., Singh, V., Arunachalam, A., Parameswaran, S. ve Ramkumar, S. (2013) Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment and breathability of polypropylene nonwoven fabric, Journal of Industrial Textiles, 42(4), 501–514. https://doi.org/10.1177/1528083712464257
13. 13. Kehrer, M., Duchoslav, J., Hinterreiter, A., Mehic, A., Stehrer, T. ve Stifter, D. (2020), Surface functionalization of polypropylene using a cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet with gas water mixtures, Surface and Coatings Technology, 384, 125170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.125170
14. 14. Kehrer, M., Rottensteiner, A., Hartl, W., Duchoslav, J., Thomas, S. ve Stifter, D. (2020) Cold atmospheric pressure plasma treatment for adhesion improvement on polypropylene surfaces, Surface and Coatings Technology, 403, 126389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126389
15. 15. Ku, J. H., Jung, I. H., Rhee, K. Y. ve Park, S. J. (2013) Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment of polypropylene to improve the bonding strength of polypropylene/aluminum composites, Composites Part B: Engineering, 45(1), 1282–1287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb. 2012.06.016
16. 16. Kwon, O. J., Myung, S. W., Lee, C. S. ve Choi, H. S. (2006) Comparison of the surface characteristics of polypropylene films treated by Ar and mixed gas (Ar/O2) atmospheric pressure plasma, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 295(2), 409–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2005.11.007
17. 17. Kwon, O. J., Tang, S., Myung, S. W., Lu, N. ve Choi, H. S. (2005) Surface characteristics of polypropylene film treated by an atmospheric pressure plasma, Surface and Coatings Technology, 192(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.09.018
18. 18. Leroux, F., Campagne, C., Perwuelz, A. ve Gengembre, L. (2008) Polypropylene film chemical and physical modifications by dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 328(2), 412–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2008.09.062
19. 19. Massines, F., Gouda, G., Gherardi, N., Duran, M. ve Croquesel, E. (2001) The role of dielectric barrier discharge atmosphere and physics on polypropylene surface treatment, Plasmas and Polymers, 6(1–2), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011365306501
20. 20. Nikitin, D., Lipatova, I., Naumova, I., Sirotkin, N., Pleskunov, P., Krakovsý, I., Khalakhan, I., Choukourov, A., Titov, V. ve Agafonov, A. (2020) Immobilization of chitosan onto polypropylene foil via air/solution atmospheric pressure plasma afterglow treatment, Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, 40:207–220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-019-10029-2
21. 21. Oravcova, A., & Hudec, I. (2010) The influence of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on surface properties of polypropylene films, Acta Chimica Slovaca, 3(2), 57–62.
22. 22. Palaskar, S. S., Kale, R. D. ve Deshmukh, R. R. (2020) Application of atmospheric pressure plasma for adhesion improvement in polyurethane coating on polypropylene fabrics, Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 17(2), 485–501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-019-00300-8
23. 23. Pandiyaraj, K. N., Arun Kumar, A., RamKumar, M. C., Padmanabhan, P. V. A., Trimukhe, A. M., Deshmukh, R. R. ve Jaganathan, S. K. (2018) Influence of operating parameters on development of polyethylene oxide-like coatings on the surfaces of polypropylene films by atmospheric pressure cold plasma jet-assisted polymerization to enhance their antifouling properties, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 123(June), 76–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2018.06.007
24. 24. Penkov, O. V., Khadem, M., Lim, W. S. ve Kim, D. E. (2015) A review of recent applications of atmospheric pressure plasma jets for materials processing, Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 12(2), 225–235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-014-9638-z
25. 25. Peretich, M. A., Brien, W. F. O. ve Schetz, J. A. (2007) Plasma Torch Power Control for Scramjet Application, Lisans Tezi, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia.
26. 26. Piel, A. (2010), Plasma Physics: An Introduction to Laborotory, Space and Fusion Plasmas, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.
27. 27. Prat, R., Suwa, T., Kogoma, M. ve Okazaki, S. (1998) Adhesive Strength Study and Surface Analysis Using Gas-Phase Chemical Reactions of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-treated Polypropylene, Journal of Adhesion, 66(1–4), 163–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 00218469808009964
28. 28. Sato, T., Akiyama, H., Horiuchi, S. ve Miyamae, T. (2018) Characterization of the polypropylene surface after atmospheric pressure N2 plasma irradiation, Surface Science, 677(April), 93–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2018.06.010
29. 29. Shabanpour, M., Mohammadhosseini, B., Khani, M. R., Khanjani, J., Shokri, B. ve Ghassami, A. (2021) Flame versus air atmospheric gliding arc plasma treatment of polypropylene-based automotive bumpers: Physicochemical characterization and investigation of coating properties, Polymer Engineering and Science, 61(5), 1581–1593. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.25682
30. 30. Shahidi, S., Ghoranneviss, M., Ilali, R., Karami, M. ve Miladi, M. (2016) Dyeing properties of the atmospheric pressure plasma-treated polypropylene fabric subjected to butane tetra carboxylic acid, Journal of the Textile Institute, 107(5), 636–644. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2015.1054210
31. 31. Shaw, D., West, A., Bredin, J. ve Wagenaars, E. (2016) Mechanisms behind surface modification of polypropylene film using an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet, Plasma Sources Science and Technology, 25(6). https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/25/6/065018
32. 32. Upadhyay, D. J., Cui, N. Y., Anderson, C. A. ve Brown, N. M. D. (2004) Surface oxygenation of polypropylene using an air dielectric barrier discharge: The effect of different electrode-platen combinations, Applied Surface Science, 229(1–4), 352–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.02.012
33. 33. Wang, K., Wang, W., Yang, D., Huo, Y. ve Wang, D. (2010) Surface modification of polypropylene non-woven fabric using atmospheric nitrogen dielectric barrier discharge plasma, Applied Surface Science, 256(22), 6859–6864. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.apsusc.2010.04.101
34. 34. Wertheimer, M. R., Thomas, H. R., Perri, M. J., Klemberg-Sapieha, J. E. ve Martinu, L. (1996) Plasmas and polymers: From laboratory to large scale commercialization. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 68(5), 1047–1053. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199668051047
35. 35. Yaman, N., Özdogan, E., Kocum, I. C., Ayhan, H., Öktem, T. ve Seventekin, N. (2009) Improvement surface properties of polypropylene and polyester fabrics by glow discharge plasma system under atmospheric condition, Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon, 19(1), 45–51.
36. 36. Yaman, N., Özdoğan, E. ve Seventekin, N. (2013) Effect of Surrounded Air Atmospheric Plasma Treatment on Polypropylene Dyeability Using Cationic Dyestuffs, Fibers and Polymers 2013, 14(9), 1472-1477. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-013-1472-x
37. 37. Yaman, N., Özdoǧan, E. ve Seventekin, N. (2011) Atmospheric plasma treatment of polypropylene fabric for improved dyeability with insoluble textile dyestuff, Fibers and Polymers, 12(1), 35–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-011-0035-2
38. 38. Yáñez-Pacios, A. J. ve Martín-Martínez, J. M. (2017) Surface modification and improved adhesion of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) made with different polymers by treatment with atmospheric pressure rotating plasma jet, International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 77, 204–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2017.06.001
39. 39. Zhang, P., Zhang, S., Kong, F., Zhang, C., Dong, P., Yan, P. ve Shao, T. (2020) Atmospheric-pressure plasma jet deposition of bumpy coating improves polypropylene surface flashover performance in vacuum, Surface and Coatings Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125511