Abstract
Quantities of pouches filled with marine debris
and packaging (kg) collected during coast and beach cleaning, the amount of
waste (m3) collected during sea surface cleaning and moss work (kg),
and the amount of sludge removed during stream rehabilitation (m3) were analyzed in Istanbul, Turkey
between 2013 and 2016. Seasonal changes have been identified in these
quantities. The quantity of packaging pouches collected during coastal cleaning
had increased over time, reached its highest level in 2016. High values were
observed in September due to heavy rainfall and in the summer due to waste transported from picnic areas. However,
low values were seen for all parameters in winter. This increase in waste
quantities can be eliminated by taking various precautions such as recycling or
reusing plastic bags and bottles instead of throwing waste away. For a cleaner
sea and coast, public education can be developed to encourage these precautions.
In addition, economic measures can be taken such as selling plastic shopping
bags instead of giving them free of charge.
References
- Ariza, E., Jiménez, J.A., and Sardá, R. (2008) Seasonal evolution of beach waste and litter during the bathing season on the Catalan coast, Waste Management, 28(12), 2604-2613. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2007.11.012
- Bahri, G. (2005). Sustainable Management of Plastic Bag Waste. The Case of Nairobi, Kenya, MSc. Thesis, Science in Environmental Management and Policy Lund, Sweden.
- Daily Sabah with Dogan News Agency, (2017) Illegally dumped debris washes ashore on beaches in Istanbul's Kilyos. Access address: https://www.dailysabah.com/istanbul/2017/03/06/illegally-dumped-debris-washes-ashore-on-beaches-in-istanbuls-kilyos (Date of Access: 09.11.2018)
- Elias, S. A. (2018) Encyclopedia of the Anthropocene, Elsevier Inc, Oxford.
- Golik, A., and Gertner, Y. (1989) Solid waste on the Israeli coast composition, source and management, Proceedings of the second international conference on marine debris, Hawai, 369-378.
- IBB, (2017). Access address: http://www.ibb.gov.tr/en-US/Organization/birimler/denizhizmetlerimd/Pages/AnaSayfa.aspx#.WHzKEvCLTct (Date of Access: 01/12/2017)
- Isangedighi, I. A., David, G. S., and Obot, O. I. (2018) Plastic Waste in the Aquatic Environment: Impacts and Management, Environment, 2, 1-31.
- Jambeck, J. R., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., Siegler, T. R., Perryman, M., Andrady, A., and Law, K. L. (2015). Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean, Science, 347(6223), 768-771.
- Khairi, H.M. (2012). Study on Bonding and Chemical Properties of Coastal Plastics Waste, PhD Thesis, Malaysia Pahang University Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, Malaysia.
- Lachmann, F. A. (2016) Marine plastic debris–flows, mitigation measures and environmental evaluation, Master Thesis, University of Gothenburg Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Lebreton, L., Slat, B., Ferrari, F., Sainte-Rose, B., Aitken, J., Marthouse, R., Hajbane, S., Cunsolo, S., Schwarz, A., Levivier, A., Noble, K., Debeljak, P., Maral, H., Schoeneich-Argent, r., Brambini, R. And Reisser, J. (2018). Evidence that the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is rapidly accumulating plastic. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 4666.
- Liu, T.K., Wang, M.W. and Chen, P. (2013) Influence of waste management policy on the characteristics of beach litter in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 72(1), 99-106. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.04.015
- Maziku, J. (2014). Improving Solid Waste Management in the Dar Es Salaam Coastal Belt, Tanzania, Bachelor Thesis, Novia University Natural Resources Department Integrated Coastal Zone Management Programme, Tanzania.
- Ministry of Environment and Urbanism for the Delegation of Authority, (2011). Circular Letter No. 2011/9.
- Ocean Conservancy, (2016) International coastal cleanup: 2015 Report. Access address: http://www. oceanconservancy.org/our-work/marine-debris/2015-data-release/2015-datarelease-pdf (Date of Access: 01.12.2017)
- Ocean Conservancy, (2017) International coastal cleanup: 2017 Report. Access address: https://oceanconservancy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/International-Coastal-Cleanup_2017-Report.pdf (Date of Access: 09.11.2018)
- Oosterhuis, F., Papyrakis, E. and Boteler, B. (2014) Economic instruments and marine litter control, Ocean & coastal management, 102, 47-54. doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.08.005
- Pasquini, G., Ronchi, F., Strafella, P., Scarcella, G., & Fortibuoni, T. (2016) Seabed litter composition, distribution and sources in the Northern and Central Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean), Waste Management, 58, 41-51. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.08.038
- Polasek, L., Bering, J., Kim, H., Neitlich, P., Pister, B., Terwilliger, M., Nicolato, K., Turner, C., and Jones, T. (2017). Marine debris in five national parks in Alaska, Marine pollution bulletin, 117(1-2), 371-379. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.085
- Satir, T. and Dogan-Saglamtimur, N. (2018) The Protection of Marine Aquatic Life: Green Port (EcoPort) Model inspired by Green Port Concept in Selected Ports from Turkey, Europe and the USA, Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 6(1), 120-129. doi: 10.21533/pen.v6i1.149
- Scott, G. (1972) Plastics packaging and coastal pollution, International Journal of Environmental Studies, 3(1-4), 35-36. doi: 10.1080/00207237208709489
- The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, (1973). Marpol 73/78, clause (i) of Article 7 of the Metropolitan Municipal Law No.5216 and the Regulation on Reception of Wastes from Ships and Waste Control.
- Willis, K., Maureaud, C., Wilcox, C., and Hardesty, B. D. (2017) How successful are waste abatement campaigns and government policies at reducing plastic waste into the marine environment?, Marine Policy. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.11.037
- Worldatlas, (2017). Access address: http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/seaofmarmara.htm (Date of Access: 01/12/2017)
Abstract
İstanbul’da 2013 ve 2016 yılları arasında kıyı
ve plaj temizliğinde toplanan deniz ve ambalaj atıklarının poşet sayısı, deniz yüzeyi temizliği
ile toplanan atık miktarı (m³), yosun çalışması ile toplanan atık miktarı (kg)
ve dere ıslahı ile çıkarılan çamur miktarı (m³) verileri analiz edilmiştir. Bu
miktarlarda mevsimsel değişiklikler tespit edilmiştir. Kıyı temizliği sırasında
toplanan ambalaj poşetlerinin miktarının zamanla aşırı yükseldiği ve 2016'da en
yüksek seviyesine ulaştığı görülmüştür. Piknik alanlarından taşınan atıklardan
dolayı yaz aylarında ve yoğun yağışla sürüklenmeden dolayı eylül ayında yüksek
değerler gözlenmiştir. Ancak kış mevsiminde tüm parametreler için düşük
değerler görüldü. Atık miktarlarındaki
bu artış, atıkların atılması yerine plastik torbaların ve şişelerin geri
dönüştürülmesi veya yeniden kullanılması gibi çeşitli önlemler alınarak
giderilebilir. Daha temiz bir deniz ve sahil için, bu önlemleri teşvik etmek
amacıyla kamu eğitimi geliştirilebilir. Ayrıca, plastik poşetler alışverişlerde
ücretsiz verilmek yerine satılması gibi ekonomik tedbirler alınabilir.
References
- Ariza, E., Jiménez, J.A., and Sardá, R. (2008) Seasonal evolution of beach waste and litter during the bathing season on the Catalan coast, Waste Management, 28(12), 2604-2613. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2007.11.012
- Bahri, G. (2005). Sustainable Management of Plastic Bag Waste. The Case of Nairobi, Kenya, MSc. Thesis, Science in Environmental Management and Policy Lund, Sweden.
- Daily Sabah with Dogan News Agency, (2017) Illegally dumped debris washes ashore on beaches in Istanbul's Kilyos. Access address: https://www.dailysabah.com/istanbul/2017/03/06/illegally-dumped-debris-washes-ashore-on-beaches-in-istanbuls-kilyos (Date of Access: 09.11.2018)
- Elias, S. A. (2018) Encyclopedia of the Anthropocene, Elsevier Inc, Oxford.
- Golik, A., and Gertner, Y. (1989) Solid waste on the Israeli coast composition, source and management, Proceedings of the second international conference on marine debris, Hawai, 369-378.
- IBB, (2017). Access address: http://www.ibb.gov.tr/en-US/Organization/birimler/denizhizmetlerimd/Pages/AnaSayfa.aspx#.WHzKEvCLTct (Date of Access: 01/12/2017)
- Isangedighi, I. A., David, G. S., and Obot, O. I. (2018) Plastic Waste in the Aquatic Environment: Impacts and Management, Environment, 2, 1-31.
- Jambeck, J. R., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., Siegler, T. R., Perryman, M., Andrady, A., and Law, K. L. (2015). Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean, Science, 347(6223), 768-771.
- Khairi, H.M. (2012). Study on Bonding and Chemical Properties of Coastal Plastics Waste, PhD Thesis, Malaysia Pahang University Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Natural Resources, Malaysia.
- Lachmann, F. A. (2016) Marine plastic debris–flows, mitigation measures and environmental evaluation, Master Thesis, University of Gothenburg Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Lebreton, L., Slat, B., Ferrari, F., Sainte-Rose, B., Aitken, J., Marthouse, R., Hajbane, S., Cunsolo, S., Schwarz, A., Levivier, A., Noble, K., Debeljak, P., Maral, H., Schoeneich-Argent, r., Brambini, R. And Reisser, J. (2018). Evidence that the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is rapidly accumulating plastic. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 4666.
- Liu, T.K., Wang, M.W. and Chen, P. (2013) Influence of waste management policy on the characteristics of beach litter in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 72(1), 99-106. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.04.015
- Maziku, J. (2014). Improving Solid Waste Management in the Dar Es Salaam Coastal Belt, Tanzania, Bachelor Thesis, Novia University Natural Resources Department Integrated Coastal Zone Management Programme, Tanzania.
- Ministry of Environment and Urbanism for the Delegation of Authority, (2011). Circular Letter No. 2011/9.
- Ocean Conservancy, (2016) International coastal cleanup: 2015 Report. Access address: http://www. oceanconservancy.org/our-work/marine-debris/2015-data-release/2015-datarelease-pdf (Date of Access: 01.12.2017)
- Ocean Conservancy, (2017) International coastal cleanup: 2017 Report. Access address: https://oceanconservancy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/International-Coastal-Cleanup_2017-Report.pdf (Date of Access: 09.11.2018)
- Oosterhuis, F., Papyrakis, E. and Boteler, B. (2014) Economic instruments and marine litter control, Ocean & coastal management, 102, 47-54. doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.08.005
- Pasquini, G., Ronchi, F., Strafella, P., Scarcella, G., & Fortibuoni, T. (2016) Seabed litter composition, distribution and sources in the Northern and Central Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean), Waste Management, 58, 41-51. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.08.038
- Polasek, L., Bering, J., Kim, H., Neitlich, P., Pister, B., Terwilliger, M., Nicolato, K., Turner, C., and Jones, T. (2017). Marine debris in five national parks in Alaska, Marine pollution bulletin, 117(1-2), 371-379. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.085
- Satir, T. and Dogan-Saglamtimur, N. (2018) The Protection of Marine Aquatic Life: Green Port (EcoPort) Model inspired by Green Port Concept in Selected Ports from Turkey, Europe and the USA, Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 6(1), 120-129. doi: 10.21533/pen.v6i1.149
- Scott, G. (1972) Plastics packaging and coastal pollution, International Journal of Environmental Studies, 3(1-4), 35-36. doi: 10.1080/00207237208709489
- The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, (1973). Marpol 73/78, clause (i) of Article 7 of the Metropolitan Municipal Law No.5216 and the Regulation on Reception of Wastes from Ships and Waste Control.
- Willis, K., Maureaud, C., Wilcox, C., and Hardesty, B. D. (2017) How successful are waste abatement campaigns and government policies at reducing plastic waste into the marine environment?, Marine Policy. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.11.037
- Worldatlas, (2017). Access address: http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/seaofmarmara.htm (Date of Access: 01/12/2017)
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Engineering |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 31, 2018 |
| Submission Date | June 7, 2018 |
| Acceptance Date | September 28, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 23 Issue: 3 |
Cite
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08474-0
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