BURSA ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ KAMPÜSÜNDEKİ ATMOSFERİK PAH’LARIN MEVSİMSEL DEĞİŞİMİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Fatma Esen; Emine Gürkan Ayyıldız; Y. Mine Bozkurt

doi:10.17482/uumfd.535154

Research Article

BURSA ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ KAMPÜSÜNDEKİ ATMOSFERİK PAH’LARIN MEVSİMSEL DEĞİŞİMİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Year 2019, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 711 - 724, 30.08.2019

Fatma Esen Emine Gürkan Ayyıldız Y. Mine Bozkurt

https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.535154

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bursa’da yarı
kırsal bir bölgede (Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Kampüs-BUÜK), 04 Şubat 2013-03
Şubat 2014 tarihleri arasında, yüksek hacimli
hava örnekleyicisi (YHHÖ) kullanılarak atmosferik polisiklik aromatik
hidrokarbonların (PAH’ların) örneklemesi yapılmıştır. Bulunan sonuçlar mevsimsel ve ısınmalı-ısınmasız sezon olarak
değerlendirilmiştir. İlkbahar, yaz, sonbahar ve kış mevsimleri için elde edilen
∑₁₅PAH konsantrasyonları
(gaz+partikül) sırasıyla 60±53 ng/m³, 12±4 ng/m³,
451±243 ng/m³, ve 158±104 ng/m³ olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonbahar
ve diğer mevsimler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur
(Mann-Whitney rank test, p <0.05). Ayrıca, elde edilen sonuçlar aynı
örnekleme bölgesinde geçmiş yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar ile
karşılaştırılmıştır. 2013 yılı ortalama toplam PAH konsantrasyonu 119±129
ng/m³
olarak belirlenmiştir. 2009-2013 yılları arasında artan popülasyona bağlı
olarak PAH konsantrasyon seviyelerinde artış görülmüştür. Toplam PAH
konsantrasyonu ortalamaları ısınmalı dönemde 345±243 ng/m³ iken,
ısınmasız dönemde 33±51 ng/m³olarak tespit edilmiş olup literatürle
benzerlik göstermektedir. Konsantrasyon değerlerinin %79’u ısınmalı dönemde,
%83’ü ısınmasız dönemde gaz formunda olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Yüksek hacimli hava örnekleyicisi, PAH’lar, konsantrasyon, mevsimsel değişim, ısınmalı-ısınmasız dönem

References

1. Arı, A. (2008) Eskişehir atmosferindeki polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbonların (PAH’ların) derişimlerinin ve kaynaklarının belirlenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
2. Birgul, A., Tasdemir, Y. (2015) Concentrations, Gas-Particle Partitioning, and Seasonal Variations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at Four Sites in Turkey, Arch Environ Contam. Toxicol (2015) 68:46–63. Doi: 10.1007/s00244-014-0105-8
3. Birgül, A., Cindoruk, S.S., Esen, F., Taşdemir, Y. (2013) Bursa Atmosferi’ndeki Yarı Uçucu Organik Bileşiklerin Konsantrasyon Seviyelerinin Zamansal ve Bölgesel Değişimi, Hava Kirliliği Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2: 123-132.
4. Birgül, A., Taşdemir, Y., Cindoruk, S.S. (2011) Atmospheric wet and dry deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) determined using a modified sampler, Atmos. Res., 101: 341-35. Doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.03.012
5. Brun, G.L., Vaidya, O.M.C., Leger, M.G. (2004) Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Atlantic Canada: geographic and temporal distributions and trends 1980-2001, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38: 1941-1948. Doi: 10.1021/es034645l
6. Cheng, H., Deng, Z., Chakraborty, P., Liu, D., Zhang, R., Xu, Y., Luo, C., Zhang, G., Li, J. (2013) A comparison study of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsin three Indian cities using PUF disk passive air samplers, Atmos. Environ., 73: 16-21.
7. Chetwittayachan, T., Shimazaki, D., Yamamoto, K. (2002) A comparison of temporal variation of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pPAHs) concentration in different urban environments: Tokyo, Japan, and Bangkok, Thailand, Atmos. Environ., 36: 2027-2037. Doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00099-7
8. Cincinelli, A., Bubba, M.D., Martellini, T., Gambaro, A., Lepri, L. (2007) Gas-particle concentration and distribution of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmosphere of Prato (Italy) Alessandra, Chemosphere, 68: 472-478. Doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2013.01.0021
9. Cindoruk, S.S., Tasdemir, Y. (2007) Characterization of gas/particle concentrations and partitioning of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) measured in an urban site of Turkey, Environ. Pollut., 148: 325-333. Doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.10.018
10. Esen, F. (2006) Bursa Atmosferi’ndeki Polisiklik Aromatik Hidrokarbonların (PAH’ların) Gaz/Partikül Konsantrasyon Dağılımları ve Kuru Çökelme Miktarları, Doktora Tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bursa.
11. Esen, F., Cindoruk, S.S., Tasdemir, Y. (2006) Ambient concentrations and gas/particle partitioning of PAHs in an urban site in Turkey, Environ. Forensics, 7: 303-312. Doi: 10.1080/15275920600996099
12. Esen, F., Tasdemir , Y., Vardar, N. (2008) Atmospheric concentrations of PAHs, their possible sources and gas-to-particle partitioning at a residential site of Bursa, Turkey, Atmos. Res.,88: 243-255. Doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2007.11.022
13. Esen, F., Tasdemir, Y., Cindoruk, S.S. (2010) Dry deposition, concentration and gas/particle partitioning of atmospheric carbazole, Atmos. Res., 95: 379-385. Doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.10.010
14. Fang, G.C., Wu, Y.S., Fu, P.C., Yang, I.L., Chen, M.H. (2004) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient air of suburban and industrial regions of central Taiwan, Chemosphere, 54: 443-452. Doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00706-9
15. Gaga, E., Tuncel, G., Tuncel, S.G. (2009) Sources and wet deposition fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an urban site 1000 meters high in central Anatolia (Turkey), Environ. Forensics, 10: 286-298. https://doi.org/10.1080/15275920903347594
16. Gaga, E.O., Ari, A. (2011) Gas-particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an urban traffic site in Eskisehir, Turkey, Atmos. Res., 99: 207-216. Doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.10.013
17. Gaga, E.O., Ari, A., Dögeroglu, T., Çakırca, E.E., Machin, N.E. (2012a) Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an industrialized city, Kocaeli, Turkey: study of seasonal variations, influence of meteorological parameters and health risk estimation, J. Environ. Monit.,14(8): 2219-2229. Doi: 10.1039/c2em30118k
18. Gaga, E.O., Dögeroglu, T, Ozden, O., Ari, A., Yay O.D., Altug, H., Akyol N., Ornektekin, S., Doorn W.V. (2012b) Evaluation of air quality by passive and active sampling in an urban city in Turkey: current status and spatial analysis of air pollution exposure, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 19: 3579-3596. Doi: 10.1007/s11356-012-0924-y
19. Garban, B., Blanchoud, H., Motelay-Massei, A., Chevreuil, M., Ollivon, D. (2002) Atmospheric bulk precipitation of PAHs onto France at typical environmental sites, Atmos. Environ.,36: 5395- 5403. Doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00414-4
20. Halsall, C.J., Sweetman, A.J., Barrie, L.A., Jones, K.C. (2001) Modeling the behaviour of PAHs during atmospheric transport from the UK to the Arctic, Atmos.Environ., 35: 255-267. Doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00195-3
21. Hanedar, A. (2009) İstanbul’da polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbonların atmosferik birikiminin ve konsantrasyon dağılımının belirlenmesi, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
22. Harrison, R.M., Smith, D.J.T., Luhana, L. (1996) Source apportionment of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons collected from an urban location in Birmingham, UK, Environ. Sci. Technol.,30: 825-832. Doi: 10.1021/es950252d
23. Klanova, J., Kohoutek, J., Hamplova, L., Urbanova, P., Holoubek, I. (2006) Passive air sampler as a tool for long-term air pollution monitoring: Part 1. Performance assessment for seasonal and spatial variations, Environ. Pollut., 144(2): 393-405. Doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2005.12.048
24. Liu S.Z., Tao S., Liu W.X., Liu Y.N., Dou H., Zhao J.Y. (2007) Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in North China: A winter-time study, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41: 8256-8261. Doi: 10.1021/es0716249
25. Melymuk, L., Robson, M., Helm, P.A., Diamond M.L. (2011) Evaluation of passive air sampler calibrations: Selection of sampling rates and implications for the measurement of persistent organic pollutants in air, Atmos. Environ., 45: 1867-1875. Doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.01.011
26. Motelay-Massei A., Harner T., Shoeib M., Diamond M., Stern G., Rosenberg B. (2005) Using passive air samplers to assess urban-rural trends for persistent organic pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 2. seasonal trends for PAHs, PCBs, and organochlorine pesticides, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39: 5763-5773. Doi: 10.1021/es0504183
27. Nguyen, T.N.T., Jung, K.S., Son, J.M., Kwon, H.O., Choi, S.D. (2018) Seasonal variation, phase distribution, and source identification of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at a semi-rural site in Ulsan, South Korea, Environmental Pollution, 236 (2018) 529-539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.080
28. Park, J., Wade, T., Sweet, S. (2001) Atmospheric distribution of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and deposition to Galveston Bay, Texas, USA, Atmos. Environ.,35: 3241-3249. Doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00080-2
29. Poor, N., Tremblay, R., Kay, H., Bhethanabotla, V., Swartz, E., Luther, M., Campbell, S. (2004) Atmospheric concentrations and dry deposition rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for Tampa Bay, Florida, USA, Atmos. Environ., 38: 6005-6015. Doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.06.037
30. Ravindra, K., Sokhia, R., Grieken, R. V. (2008) Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Source attribution, emission factors and regulation, Atmos. Environ.,42: 2895-2921. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.010
31. Tasdemir , Y., Esen, F. (2008) Deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their mass transfer coefficients determined at a trafficked site, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 55: 191-198. Doi: 10.1007/s00244-007-9096-z
32. Tasdemir, Y., Esen, F. (2007) Dry deposition fluxes and deposition velocities of PAHs at an urban site in Turkey, Atmos. Environ., 41: 1288-1301. Doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.09.037
33. Tsapakis, M. Stephanou, E.G. (2005) Occurrence of Gaseous and Particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Urban Atmosphere: Study of Sources and Ambient Temperature Effect on the Gas/Particle Concentration and Distribution, Environ. Pollut.,133: 147-156. Doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2004.05.012
34. Vardar, N., Esen, F., Tasdemir, Y. (2008) Seasonal concentrations and partitioning of PAHs in a suburban site of Bursa, Turkey, Environ. Pollut.,155, 298-307. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2007.11.026
35. Vasilakos, C., Levia, N., Maggosa, T., Hatzianestis, J., Michopoulos, J., Helmis, C. (2007) Gas-particle concentration and characterization of sources of PAHs in the atmosphere of a suburban area in Athens, Greece, J. Hazar. Mater., 140: 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.06.047
36. Wannaz, E.D., Abril, G.A., Rodriguez, J.H., Pignata, M.L. (2013) Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in industrial and urban areas using passive air samplers and leaves of Tillandsia capillaris, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 1: 1028-1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.08.012
37. WHO, (1998) Selected non-heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. United Nations Environment Programme. International Labour Organisation, World Health Organization, Environmental Health Criteria 202, WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data.
38. Xu, Q., Zhu, X., Henkelmann, B., Schramm, K.W., Chen, J., Ni, Y., Wang, W., Pfister, G., Mu, J., Qin, S., Li, Y. (2013) Simultaneous monitoring of PCB profiles in the urban air of Dalian, China with active and passive samplings, Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013, 25(1) 133–143. Doi: 10.1016/S1001-0742(12)60030-8

Year 2019, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 711 - 724, 30.08.2019

Fatma Esen Emine Gürkan Ayyıldız Y. Mine Bozkurt

https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.535154

Cited By: 1

Abstract

References

1. Arı, A. (2008) Eskişehir atmosferindeki polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbonların (PAH’ların) derişimlerinin ve kaynaklarının belirlenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
2. Birgul, A., Tasdemir, Y. (2015) Concentrations, Gas-Particle Partitioning, and Seasonal Variations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at Four Sites in Turkey, Arch Environ Contam. Toxicol (2015) 68:46–63. Doi: 10.1007/s00244-014-0105-8
3. Birgül, A., Cindoruk, S.S., Esen, F., Taşdemir, Y. (2013) Bursa Atmosferi’ndeki Yarı Uçucu Organik Bileşiklerin Konsantrasyon Seviyelerinin Zamansal ve Bölgesel Değişimi, Hava Kirliliği Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2: 123-132.
4. Birgül, A., Taşdemir, Y., Cindoruk, S.S. (2011) Atmospheric wet and dry deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) determined using a modified sampler, Atmos. Res., 101: 341-35. Doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.03.012
5. Brun, G.L., Vaidya, O.M.C., Leger, M.G. (2004) Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Atlantic Canada: geographic and temporal distributions and trends 1980-2001, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38: 1941-1948. Doi: 10.1021/es034645l
6. Cheng, H., Deng, Z., Chakraborty, P., Liu, D., Zhang, R., Xu, Y., Luo, C., Zhang, G., Li, J. (2013) A comparison study of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsin three Indian cities using PUF disk passive air samplers, Atmos. Environ., 73: 16-21.
7. Chetwittayachan, T., Shimazaki, D., Yamamoto, K. (2002) A comparison of temporal variation of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pPAHs) concentration in different urban environments: Tokyo, Japan, and Bangkok, Thailand, Atmos. Environ., 36: 2027-2037. Doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00099-7
8. Cincinelli, A., Bubba, M.D., Martellini, T., Gambaro, A., Lepri, L. (2007) Gas-particle concentration and distribution of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmosphere of Prato (Italy) Alessandra, Chemosphere, 68: 472-478. Doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2013.01.0021
9. Cindoruk, S.S., Tasdemir, Y. (2007) Characterization of gas/particle concentrations and partitioning of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) measured in an urban site of Turkey, Environ. Pollut., 148: 325-333. Doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.10.018
10. Esen, F. (2006) Bursa Atmosferi’ndeki Polisiklik Aromatik Hidrokarbonların (PAH’ların) Gaz/Partikül Konsantrasyon Dağılımları ve Kuru Çökelme Miktarları, Doktora Tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bursa.
11. Esen, F., Cindoruk, S.S., Tasdemir, Y. (2006) Ambient concentrations and gas/particle partitioning of PAHs in an urban site in Turkey, Environ. Forensics, 7: 303-312. Doi: 10.1080/15275920600996099
12. Esen, F., Tasdemir , Y., Vardar, N. (2008) Atmospheric concentrations of PAHs, their possible sources and gas-to-particle partitioning at a residential site of Bursa, Turkey, Atmos. Res.,88: 243-255. Doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2007.11.022
13. Esen, F., Tasdemir, Y., Cindoruk, S.S. (2010) Dry deposition, concentration and gas/particle partitioning of atmospheric carbazole, Atmos. Res., 95: 379-385. Doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.10.010
14. Fang, G.C., Wu, Y.S., Fu, P.C., Yang, I.L., Chen, M.H. (2004) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient air of suburban and industrial regions of central Taiwan, Chemosphere, 54: 443-452. Doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00706-9
15. Gaga, E., Tuncel, G., Tuncel, S.G. (2009) Sources and wet deposition fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an urban site 1000 meters high in central Anatolia (Turkey), Environ. Forensics, 10: 286-298. https://doi.org/10.1080/15275920903347594
16. Gaga, E.O., Ari, A. (2011) Gas-particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an urban traffic site in Eskisehir, Turkey, Atmos. Res., 99: 207-216. Doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.10.013
17. Gaga, E.O., Ari, A., Dögeroglu, T., Çakırca, E.E., Machin, N.E. (2012a) Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an industrialized city, Kocaeli, Turkey: study of seasonal variations, influence of meteorological parameters and health risk estimation, J. Environ. Monit.,14(8): 2219-2229. Doi: 10.1039/c2em30118k
18. Gaga, E.O., Dögeroglu, T, Ozden, O., Ari, A., Yay O.D., Altug, H., Akyol N., Ornektekin, S., Doorn W.V. (2012b) Evaluation of air quality by passive and active sampling in an urban city in Turkey: current status and spatial analysis of air pollution exposure, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 19: 3579-3596. Doi: 10.1007/s11356-012-0924-y
19. Garban, B., Blanchoud, H., Motelay-Massei, A., Chevreuil, M., Ollivon, D. (2002) Atmospheric bulk precipitation of PAHs onto France at typical environmental sites, Atmos. Environ.,36: 5395- 5403. Doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00414-4
20. Halsall, C.J., Sweetman, A.J., Barrie, L.A., Jones, K.C. (2001) Modeling the behaviour of PAHs during atmospheric transport from the UK to the Arctic, Atmos.Environ., 35: 255-267. Doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00195-3
21. Hanedar, A. (2009) İstanbul’da polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbonların atmosferik birikiminin ve konsantrasyon dağılımının belirlenmesi, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
22. Harrison, R.M., Smith, D.J.T., Luhana, L. (1996) Source apportionment of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons collected from an urban location in Birmingham, UK, Environ. Sci. Technol.,30: 825-832. Doi: 10.1021/es950252d
23. Klanova, J., Kohoutek, J., Hamplova, L., Urbanova, P., Holoubek, I. (2006) Passive air sampler as a tool for long-term air pollution monitoring: Part 1. Performance assessment for seasonal and spatial variations, Environ. Pollut., 144(2): 393-405. Doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2005.12.048
24. Liu S.Z., Tao S., Liu W.X., Liu Y.N., Dou H., Zhao J.Y. (2007) Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in North China: A winter-time study, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41: 8256-8261. Doi: 10.1021/es0716249
25. Melymuk, L., Robson, M., Helm, P.A., Diamond M.L. (2011) Evaluation of passive air sampler calibrations: Selection of sampling rates and implications for the measurement of persistent organic pollutants in air, Atmos. Environ., 45: 1867-1875. Doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.01.011
26. Motelay-Massei A., Harner T., Shoeib M., Diamond M., Stern G., Rosenberg B. (2005) Using passive air samplers to assess urban-rural trends for persistent organic pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 2. seasonal trends for PAHs, PCBs, and organochlorine pesticides, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39: 5763-5773. Doi: 10.1021/es0504183
27. Nguyen, T.N.T., Jung, K.S., Son, J.M., Kwon, H.O., Choi, S.D. (2018) Seasonal variation, phase distribution, and source identification of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at a semi-rural site in Ulsan, South Korea, Environmental Pollution, 236 (2018) 529-539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.080
28. Park, J., Wade, T., Sweet, S. (2001) Atmospheric distribution of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and deposition to Galveston Bay, Texas, USA, Atmos. Environ.,35: 3241-3249. Doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00080-2
29. Poor, N., Tremblay, R., Kay, H., Bhethanabotla, V., Swartz, E., Luther, M., Campbell, S. (2004) Atmospheric concentrations and dry deposition rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for Tampa Bay, Florida, USA, Atmos. Environ., 38: 6005-6015. Doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.06.037
30. Ravindra, K., Sokhia, R., Grieken, R. V. (2008) Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Source attribution, emission factors and regulation, Atmos. Environ.,42: 2895-2921. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.010
31. Tasdemir , Y., Esen, F. (2008) Deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their mass transfer coefficients determined at a trafficked site, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 55: 191-198. Doi: 10.1007/s00244-007-9096-z
32. Tasdemir, Y., Esen, F. (2007) Dry deposition fluxes and deposition velocities of PAHs at an urban site in Turkey, Atmos. Environ., 41: 1288-1301. Doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.09.037
33. Tsapakis, M. Stephanou, E.G. (2005) Occurrence of Gaseous and Particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Urban Atmosphere: Study of Sources and Ambient Temperature Effect on the Gas/Particle Concentration and Distribution, Environ. Pollut.,133: 147-156. Doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2004.05.012
34. Vardar, N., Esen, F., Tasdemir, Y. (2008) Seasonal concentrations and partitioning of PAHs in a suburban site of Bursa, Turkey, Environ. Pollut.,155, 298-307. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2007.11.026
35. Vasilakos, C., Levia, N., Maggosa, T., Hatzianestis, J., Michopoulos, J., Helmis, C. (2007) Gas-particle concentration and characterization of sources of PAHs in the atmosphere of a suburban area in Athens, Greece, J. Hazar. Mater., 140: 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.06.047
36. Wannaz, E.D., Abril, G.A., Rodriguez, J.H., Pignata, M.L. (2013) Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in industrial and urban areas using passive air samplers and leaves of Tillandsia capillaris, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 1: 1028-1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.08.012
37. WHO, (1998) Selected non-heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. United Nations Environment Programme. International Labour Organisation, World Health Organization, Environmental Health Criteria 202, WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data.
38. Xu, Q., Zhu, X., Henkelmann, B., Schramm, K.W., Chen, J., Ni, Y., Wang, W., Pfister, G., Mu, J., Qin, S., Li, Y. (2013) Simultaneous monitoring of PCB profiles in the urban air of Dalian, China with active and passive samplings, Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013, 25(1) 133–143. Doi: 10.1016/S1001-0742(12)60030-8

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Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Engineering
Journal Section	Research Articles
Authors	Fatma Esen Emine Gürkan Ayyıldız This is me Y. Mine Bozkurt This is me
Publication Date	August 30, 2019
Submission Date	March 4, 2019
Acceptance Date	July 1, 2019
Published in Issue	Year 2019 Volume: 24 Issue: 2

Cite

APA	Esen, F., Gürkan Ayyıldız, E., & Bozkurt, Y. M. (2019). BURSA ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ KAMPÜSÜNDEKİ ATMOSFERİK PAH’LARIN MEVSİMSEL DEĞİŞİMİNİN BELİRLENMESİ. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(2), 711-724. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.535154
AMA	Esen F, Gürkan Ayyıldız E, Bozkurt YM. BURSA ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ KAMPÜSÜNDEKİ ATMOSFERİK PAH’LARIN MEVSİMSEL DEĞİŞİMİNİN BELİRLENMESİ. UUJFE. August 2019;24(2):711-724. doi:10.17482/uumfd.535154
Chicago	Esen, Fatma, Emine Gürkan Ayyıldız, and Y. Mine Bozkurt. “BURSA ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ KAMPÜSÜNDEKİ ATMOSFERİK PAH’LARIN MEVSİMSEL DEĞİŞİMİNİN BELİRLENMESİ”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 24, no. 2 (August 2019): 711-24. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.535154.
EndNote	Esen F, Gürkan Ayyıldız E, Bozkurt YM (August 1, 2019) BURSA ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ KAMPÜSÜNDEKİ ATMOSFERİK PAH’LARIN MEVSİMSEL DEĞİŞİMİNİN BELİRLENMESİ. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 24 2 711–724.
IEEE	F. Esen, E. Gürkan Ayyıldız, and Y. M. Bozkurt, “BURSA ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ KAMPÜSÜNDEKİ ATMOSFERİK PAH’LARIN MEVSİMSEL DEĞİŞİMİNİN BELİRLENMESİ”, UUJFE, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 711–724, 2019, doi: 10.17482/uumfd.535154.
ISNAD	Esen, Fatma et al. “BURSA ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ KAMPÜSÜNDEKİ ATMOSFERİK PAH’LARIN MEVSİMSEL DEĞİŞİMİNİN BELİRLENMESİ”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 24/2 (August 2019), 711-724. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.535154.
JAMA	Esen F, Gürkan Ayyıldız E, Bozkurt YM. BURSA ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ KAMPÜSÜNDEKİ ATMOSFERİK PAH’LARIN MEVSİMSEL DEĞİŞİMİNİN BELİRLENMESİ. UUJFE. 2019;24:711–724.
MLA	Esen, Fatma et al. “BURSA ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ KAMPÜSÜNDEKİ ATMOSFERİK PAH’LARIN MEVSİMSEL DEĞİŞİMİNİN BELİRLENMESİ”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 24, no. 2, 2019, pp. 711-24, doi:10.17482/uumfd.535154.
Vancouver	Esen F, Gürkan Ayyıldız E, Bozkurt YM. BURSA ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ KAMPÜSÜNDEKİ ATMOSFERİK PAH’LARIN MEVSİMSEL DEĞİŞİMİNİN BELİRLENMESİ. UUJFE. 2019;24(2):711-24.

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