ARAÇLARDA KULLANILAN EMNİYET KEMERLERİNİN KAZA ANINDA İNSAN SAĞLIĞINA OLAN OLUMSUZ ETKİLERİNİN AZALTILMASI İÇİN BİR SİSTEM GELİŞTİRİLMESİ
Abstract
Emniyet kemeri sistemleri, otomotiv endüstrisinde kullanılan standart güvenlik ekipmanlarındandır.
Emniyet kemeri kullanımı sayesinde araç içerisindeki yolcuların güvenlik seviyeleri arttırılmış ve ciddi
yaralanmaların önüne geçilmiştir. Özellikle emniyet kemerinin hava yastığıyla birlikte kullanımı
sonucunda, yolcuların kafalarının araç kokpitine çarpmasının önüne geçilerek olası travmaların en alt
seviyelere indirilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Ancak mevcut emniyet kemeri sistemlerinin kaza sırasında açığa
çıkan enerjiyi tam olarak absorbe edemediği anlaşılmıştır. Tam olarak sönümlenemeyen bu kuvvetin araç
içerisindeki yolcular üzerinde kaburga kemiği kırıkları, deri üzerindeki morarmalar gibi çeşitli
yaralanmalara sebep olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, emniyet kemeri sisteminin mevcut
faydalarından ödün vermeden, insan bedeni üzerinde oluşan travmayı minimize edecek bir sönümleme
sistemi tasarlanmış ve bu sistem için gerekli olan analizler yapılmıştır. Bahsi geçen bu sönümleme sistemi
CATIA yazılımı kullanılarak modellenmiş, gerekli olan analizler ise ABAQUS yazılımı kullanılarak
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sönümleme görevini gerçekleştirecek olan alüminyum köpüğün farklı formları için
sonlu elemanlar analizleri yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda kesik piramit modelinin optimum sonucu
verdiği görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, emniyet kemeri sistemleri için tasarlanmış olan yeni sönümleme
sistemi sayesinde kaza anında açığa çıkan enerji absorbe edilerek, bu enerjinin yolcular üzerindeki çeşitli
olumsuz etkilerinin ortadan kaldırılması hedeflenmektedir
References
- 1. Bohlin, N. (1967). A Statistical Analysis of 28,000 Accident Cases with Emphasis on Occupant Restraint Value, SAE Technical Paper 670925. doi:10.4271/670925.
- 2. Brumbelow, M.L., Baker, B.C., Nolan, J.M. (2007). Effects of Seat Belt Load Limiters on Driver Fatalities in Frontal Crashes of Passenger Cars, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV), Paper Number 07‐0067, June 18‐21, 2007.
- 3. Carollo, F., Mariotti, G.V., Naso, V. (2015). Biomechanics Parameters in Teenage Cyclist–SUV Accident and Comparison with the Pedestrian, WSEAS-NAUN conference OTENG’15, Rome, 7-9 November 2015, Applied Mathematics and Materials, Pag. 77- 87, ISBN 978-1-61804-347-4; ISSN: 2227- 4588.
- 4. Deshpande, V.S., Fleck, N.A. (2000). Isotropic Constitutive Models for Metallic Foams, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 48, 1253-1283.
- 5. Gulcimen Cakan, B., Ensarioğlu, C., Çakır M.C. (2019). Farklı Oranlarda Alüminyum Köpük Takviyeli Çarpışma Kutularının Mekanik Performanslarının Karşılaştırılması, BAUN Fen Bil. Enst. Dergisi, 21(1), 295-305.
- 6. https://www.nhtsa.gov/risky-driving/seat-belts, Erişim Tarihi: 27.05.2019, Konu: Emniyet Kemeri İstatistikleri 2017.
- 7. https://www.quora.com/What-is-an-invention-everybody-uses-but-the-inventor-didnt-make-any-money-from-it, Erişim Tarihi: 27.05.2019, Konu: Emniyet Kemeri.
- 8. https://carbiketech.com/seat-belt/, Erişim Tarihi: 27.05.2019, Konu: Emniyet Kemeri.
- 9. https://www.baylissgraphics.com/project/technical-documentation-safety/, Erişim Tarihi: 27.05.2019, Konu: Emniyet Kemeri Sistemi Komponentleri.
- 10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4818312/, Erişim Tarihi: 27.05.2019, Konu: Emniyet Kemeri Yaralanmaları.
- 11. Kitagawa, Y., Yasuki, T. (2013). Correlation among Seat Belt Load, Chest Deflection, Rib Fracture and Internal Organ Strain in Frontal Collisions with Human Body Finite Element Models. Proceedings of the IRCOBI Conference 2013.
- 12. Kruszka L., Anaszewicz Ł., Janiszewski J. ve Grazka M. (2012). Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Al6063 Duralumin Using Taylor Impact Test, EPJ Web of Conferences, 26, 01062.
- 13. Meyer, S.E., Nelson, A.O., Hock, D.A., McMillin, J.T., Herbst, B.R. (2015). Assessing the Effects of Load Limiting Retractors on Occupant Motion. Proceedings of the IRCOBI Conference 2015.
- 14. Potential Test Procedures for FMVSS No.208, (1999). Office of Vehicle Safety Research, NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration).
- 15. Van Arsdell, W., Weber, P., Stankewich, C., Larson, B. et al (2016). Load-Limiters Effect on Occupant Restraint System Performance, SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-1505, 2016. doi:10.4271/2016-01-1505.
- 16. Vazquez, M.M. (2014). Thoracic Injuries in Frontal Car Crashes Risk Assessment Using a Finite Element Human Body Model, Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Machine and Vehicles Systems, Department of Applied Mechanics Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- 17. Yoganandan, N., Nahum, A.M., Melvin, J.W. (2015). Accidental Injury Biomechanics and Prevention, Springer, Third Edition.
- 18. Xiao, S., Yang, J., Crandall, J.R. (2017). Investigation of Chest Injury Mechanism Caused by Different Seatbelt Loads in Frontal Impact, Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics, Vol.19, No.3. doi: 10.5277//ABB-00777-2016-02.
Developing a System for Minimizing Seat Belt Negative Effects on the Human Health in the Vehicle during the Accident
Abstract
One of the standard safety elements in the automobile industry is the seat belt system. The
security level of passengers in the vehicle is increased considerably by using seat belts. Notably, the use
of the seat belt in conjunction with the airbag during traffic accidents is intended to reduce the number of
traumas. Also, the seat belts prevent passengers’ head from crashing into the vehicle’s dashboard.
Nevertheless, it is revealed that the present seat belt systems have inferior energy absorbing performance
resulting in undamped forces which causes various injuries on the human body during a crash, commonly
as rib fractures and severe bruises. In this study, a novel system with aluminium foam for energy
absorbing purposes is designed which is suitable to be integrated into the seat belt system. The CAD
model is constituted in CATIA software, and the finite element analyses for determining the most efficient energy absorbing geometry for the aluminium foam are carried out by ABAQUS software.
Among the different forms of aluminium foams, the truncated pyramid is found to be the optimum
geometry to be used in the new system which will help to minimize the negative effects of an undamped
force on the human body during an accident.
References
- 1. Bohlin, N. (1967). A Statistical Analysis of 28,000 Accident Cases with Emphasis on Occupant Restraint Value, SAE Technical Paper 670925. doi:10.4271/670925.
- 2. Brumbelow, M.L., Baker, B.C., Nolan, J.M. (2007). Effects of Seat Belt Load Limiters on Driver Fatalities in Frontal Crashes of Passenger Cars, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV), Paper Number 07‐0067, June 18‐21, 2007.
- 3. Carollo, F., Mariotti, G.V., Naso, V. (2015). Biomechanics Parameters in Teenage Cyclist–SUV Accident and Comparison with the Pedestrian, WSEAS-NAUN conference OTENG’15, Rome, 7-9 November 2015, Applied Mathematics and Materials, Pag. 77- 87, ISBN 978-1-61804-347-4; ISSN: 2227- 4588.
- 4. Deshpande, V.S., Fleck, N.A. (2000). Isotropic Constitutive Models for Metallic Foams, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 48, 1253-1283.
- 5. Gulcimen Cakan, B., Ensarioğlu, C., Çakır M.C. (2019). Farklı Oranlarda Alüminyum Köpük Takviyeli Çarpışma Kutularının Mekanik Performanslarının Karşılaştırılması, BAUN Fen Bil. Enst. Dergisi, 21(1), 295-305.
- 6. https://www.nhtsa.gov/risky-driving/seat-belts, Erişim Tarihi: 27.05.2019, Konu: Emniyet Kemeri İstatistikleri 2017.
- 7. https://www.quora.com/What-is-an-invention-everybody-uses-but-the-inventor-didnt-make-any-money-from-it, Erişim Tarihi: 27.05.2019, Konu: Emniyet Kemeri.
- 8. https://carbiketech.com/seat-belt/, Erişim Tarihi: 27.05.2019, Konu: Emniyet Kemeri.
- 9. https://www.baylissgraphics.com/project/technical-documentation-safety/, Erişim Tarihi: 27.05.2019, Konu: Emniyet Kemeri Sistemi Komponentleri.
- 10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4818312/, Erişim Tarihi: 27.05.2019, Konu: Emniyet Kemeri Yaralanmaları.
- 11. Kitagawa, Y., Yasuki, T. (2013). Correlation among Seat Belt Load, Chest Deflection, Rib Fracture and Internal Organ Strain in Frontal Collisions with Human Body Finite Element Models. Proceedings of the IRCOBI Conference 2013.
- 12. Kruszka L., Anaszewicz Ł., Janiszewski J. ve Grazka M. (2012). Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Al6063 Duralumin Using Taylor Impact Test, EPJ Web of Conferences, 26, 01062.
- 13. Meyer, S.E., Nelson, A.O., Hock, D.A., McMillin, J.T., Herbst, B.R. (2015). Assessing the Effects of Load Limiting Retractors on Occupant Motion. Proceedings of the IRCOBI Conference 2015.
- 14. Potential Test Procedures for FMVSS No.208, (1999). Office of Vehicle Safety Research, NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration).
- 15. Van Arsdell, W., Weber, P., Stankewich, C., Larson, B. et al (2016). Load-Limiters Effect on Occupant Restraint System Performance, SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-1505, 2016. doi:10.4271/2016-01-1505.
- 16. Vazquez, M.M. (2014). Thoracic Injuries in Frontal Car Crashes Risk Assessment Using a Finite Element Human Body Model, Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Machine and Vehicles Systems, Department of Applied Mechanics Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- 17. Yoganandan, N., Nahum, A.M., Melvin, J.W. (2015). Accidental Injury Biomechanics and Prevention, Springer, Third Edition.
- 18. Xiao, S., Yang, J., Crandall, J.R. (2017). Investigation of Chest Injury Mechanism Caused by Different Seatbelt Loads in Frontal Impact, Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics, Vol.19, No.3. doi: 10.5277//ABB-00777-2016-02.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Engineering |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 31, 2019 |
| Submission Date | June 17, 2019 |
| Acceptance Date | September 27, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 24 Issue: 3 |
Cite
Cited By
Emniyet Kemerinin Trafik Güvenliğindeki Rolü: Kamu Spotlarının Nitel Analizi
Trafik ve Ulaşım Araştırmaları Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.38002/tuad.1179833
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