İÇME SUYU ARITMA TESİSİ ATIK ÇAMURU ÜZERİNE METİLEN MAVİSİ ADSORPSİYONU VE YAPAY SİNİR AĞLARI İLE MODELLENMESİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2, 1083 - 1104, 31.08.2020

Nurcan Öztürk , Hasan Şentürk , Ali Gündoğdu , Celal Duran

https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.674224

Cited By: 2

Öz

Bu çalışmada içme suyu arıtma tesislerinde arıtım aşamaları sonucu oluşan İçme Suyu Arıtma Tesisi Atık Çamurunun (İSATAÇ), atık sularda organik kökenli bir kirletici (boyar madde) olan Metilen Mavisinin uzaklaştırılmasında adsorban olarak kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Adsorpsiyon çalışmalarında kullanılan İSATAÇ fiziksel ya da kimyasal ön işleme tabi tutulmamıştır. Öncelikle İSATAÇ’ın nem, yoğunluk, uçucu madde, sabit karbon, kül tayini yanı sıra elementel, SEM, FT-IR, XRD, XRF ve TGA/DTA analiz gibi çeşitli analitik işlemlerle karakterize edilmiştir. Sonrasında adsorpsiyon deneyleri kesikli sistemle gerçekleştirilmiş ve İSATAÇ’ın sulu çözeltiden bu kirletici türü uzaklaştırma potansiyeli denge, kinetik ve termodinamik parametreler açısından incelenmiştir. Metilen mavisinin uzaklaştırılmasında Langmuir izoterm modelinden elde edilen maksimum adsorplama kapasitesi 62,50 mg g-1 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bazı deneysel parametrelerin İSATAÇ üzerinde Metilen Mavisi adsorpsiyonuna etkileri göz önüne alınarak Yapay Sinir Ağı (YSA) modeli geliştirilmiş ve İSATAÇ’ın atık sulardan organik kirleticilerin uzaklaştırılmasında kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Metilen mavisi, Adsopsiyon, Yapay Sinir Ağları

Methylene Blue Adsorption onto Drinking Water Treatment Plant’s Sludge and Modeling by Artificial Neural Network

Öz

In this work, it was investigated usability of Drinking Water Treatment Sludge (DWTS), obtained as end product at the end of treatment stages, as an adsorbent for removal of Methylene Blue, the organic pollutant (dyestuff), present in wastewaters. DWTS used for the adsorption experiments were not subjected to physical or chemical pre-treatment. Firstly, DWTS was characterized employing various analytical procedures including determination of moisture, density, volatiles, fixed carbon, ash, as well as elemental, SEM, FT-IR, XRD, XRF and TGA/DTA analysis. Then, adsorption experiments were carried out in a batch system and DWTS’s removal potential of the pollutant specie from aqueous solution was investigated in terms of equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. DWTS’s maximum adsorption capacity obtained from Langmuir model for Methylene Blue was 62.50 mg g-1. Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
model was developed considering the effects of certain experimental parameters for adsorption of Methylene Blue on DWTS and it was concluded that DWTS can be used to remove organic pollutants from wastewaters 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Methylene blue, Adsorption, Artificial Neural Network

Kaynakça

• 1. Adbulkarim, M. ve Al-Rub, F. A. (2004) Adsorption of Lead İons from Aqueous Solution onto Activated Carbon and Chemically-Modified Activated Carbon Prepared from Date Pits, Adsorption Science Technology, 22(2), 119-134. doi:10.1260/026361704323150908
• 2. Altenor, S., Carene, B., Emmanuel, E., Lambert, J., Ehrhardt, J.-J. ve Gaspard, S. (2009) Adsorption Studies of Methylene Blue and Phenol onto Vetiver Roots Activated Carbon Prepared by Chemical Activation, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 165, 1029–1039. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.10.133
• 3. Amini, P. (2012) Stenotaphrum Secundatum (Walter) Kuntze ile Kurulu Çim Alanlarda Kapak Malzemesi Olarak İçme Suyu Arıtma Çamuru Kullanımı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana.
• 4. Ayyappan, R., Carmalin-Sophia, A., Swaminathan, K. ve Sandhya, S. (2005) Removal of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solution using Carbon Derived from Agricultural Wastes, Process Biochemistry, 40, 1293-1299. doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2004.05.007
• 5. Babatunde, A. O. ve Zhao, Y. Q. (2007) Constructive Approaches Toward Water Treatment Works Sludge Management: An International Review of Beneficial Reuses, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 37, 2, 129-164. doi:10.1080/10643380600776239
• 6. Bestani, B., Benderdouche, N., Benstaali, B., Belhakem, M. ve Addou, A. (2008) Methylene Blue and İodine Adsorption onto An Activated Desert Plant, Bioresource Technology, 99, 8441–8444. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.02.053
• 7. Collins, G.L. and Jameson, G.J. (1972) Experiments on the Flotation of Fine Particles, The İnfluence of Particle Size and Charge, Colloid and Surface Chemistry Pure Applied Chemistry, 31, 578. doi:10.1016/0009-2509(76)87019-4
• 8. Cottet, L., Almeida, C.A.P., Naidek, N., Viante, M.F., Lopes, M.C. ve Debacher N.A. (2014) Adsorption Characteristics of Montmorillonite Clay Modified with Iron Oxide with Respect to Methylene Blue in Aqueous Media, Applied Clay Science, 95, 25–31. doi:10.1016/j.clay.2014.03.023
• 9. Çağlar, N., Garip, Z. Ş., ve Pala, M. (2010) Neural Network Based Seismic Assessment Model for Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings, 9th International Congress on Advances in Civil Engineering, Eylül, Trabzon, Bildiriler Kitabı: 27-30.
• 10. Daliakopoulos, I.N., Coulibaly, P. ve Tsanis, I.K. (2005) Groundwater Level Forecasting using Artificial Neural Networks, Journal of Hydrology, 309, 229–240. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.12.001
• 11. Demirbas, E., Kobya, M. ve Sulak, M. T. (2008) Adsorption Kinetics of A Basic Dye from Aqueous Solutions onto Apricot Stone Activated Carbon, Biosource Technology, 99, 5368-5373. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.019
• 12. Dubinin, M.M., Gregg, S.J., Sing, K.S.W. ve Stoeckli, H.F. (1979) In Characterisation of Porous Solids, Society of Chemical Industry.
• 13. Feng, Y., Yang, F., Wang, Y., Ma, L., Wu, Y., Kerr, P.G. ve Yang, L. (2011) Basic Dye Adsorption onto An Agro-Based Waste Material – Sesame Hull (Sesamum İndicum L.), Bioresource Technology, 102, 22, 10280–10285. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.090
• 14. Ferrero, F. (2007) Dye Removal by Low Cost Adsorbents: Hazelnut Shells in Comparison With Wood Sawdust, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 142, 144–152. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.07.072
• 15. Fu, J., Chen, Z., Wang, M., Liu, S., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., Han, R. ve Xu, Q. (2015) Adsorption of Methylene Blue by a High-Efficiency Adsorbent (Polydopamine Microspheres): Kinetics, Isotherm, Thermodynamics and Mechanism Analysis, Chemical Engineering Journal, 259, 53–61. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2014.07.101
• 16. Genç, N. (2005) Applicability of Agricultural By-product as Adsorbent in Wastewater Treatment, Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 101-116.
• 17. Ghosh, D. ve Bhattacharyya, K.G. (2002) Adsorption of Methylene Blue on Kaolinite, Applied Clay Science, 20, 295–300. doi:10.1016/S0169-1317(01)00081-3
• 18. Gouamid, M., Ouahrani, M.R. ve Bensaci, M.B. (2013) Adsorption Equilibrium, Kinetics andThermodynamics of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions using Date Palm Leaves, Energy Procedia, 36, 898 – 907. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2013.07.103
• 19. Gündoğdu, A. (2010) Fabrika Çay Atıklarından Aktif Karbon Üretimi, Karakterizasyonu ve Adsorpsiyon Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon.
• 20. Gürten, İ. I. (2008) Çay Atığından Adsorbent Üretimi ve Üretilen Adsorbentin Adsorpsiyon Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
• 21. Issabayeva, G., Aroua, M. K. ve Sulaiman, N. M. N. (2006) Removal of Lead from Aqueous Solutions on Palm Shell Activated Carbon, Biosource Technology, 97, 18, 2350-2355. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2005.10.023
• 22. İpek, B. (2014) Kadmiyum(II) ve Nikel(II) İyonlarının Karayosunu (Homalothecıum Serıceum) Üzerinde Adsorpsiyonla Su ve Atık Sulardan Uzaklaştırılması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon.
• 23. Jian, Z., Qingwei, P., Meihong, N., Haiqiang, S. ve Na, L. (2013) Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies from the Methylene Blue Adsorption on Diatomite Treated with Sodium Hydroxide, Applied Clay Science, 83–84, 12–16. doi:10.1016/j.clay.2013.08.008
• 24. Jiang, M-Q., Wang, Q-P., Jin, X.Y. ve Chen, Z.L. (2009) Removal of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solution using Modified and Unmodified Kaolinite Clay, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 170, 332-339. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.092
• 25. Kayranlı, B., 2001. İçme Suyu Arıtma Tesisi Çamurlarının Tekstil Endüstrisi Atıksularının Arıtımında Koagülant Olarak Kullanımı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana.
• 26. Li, W. C. ve Zhao, Y. Q. (2010) Phosphorus Immobilization in Al-Drinking Water Treatment Sludge (Al-DWTS) and Soil Under Laboratory Conditions, Centre of Water Resources Research, School of Architecture, Landscape and Civil Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
• 27. Luo, X. ve Zhang, L. (2009) High Effective Adsorption of Organic Dyes on Magnetic Cellulose Beads Entrapping Activated Carbon, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 171, 340–347. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.06.009
• 28. Marsh, H. ve Rodriguez-Reinoso, F. (2006) Activated Carbon, Elsevier Science & Technology Books.
• 29. Metcalf ve Eddy (2003) Wastewater Engineering : Treatment and Reuse, McGraw-Hill, 4th ed., Boston.
• 30. Miller, J.N. ve Miller, J.C. (2005) Statistics and Chemometrics for Analytical Chemistry, Pearson Education. Çeviri: Analitik Kimyacılar için İstatistik ve Kemometri, Çeviri Ed.: Uyanık, A., 2008. İlke Yayınevi, Ankara.
• 31. Naiya, T. K., Bhattacharya, A. K. ve Das, S. K. (2009) Adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from Aqueous Solutions on Activated Alumina, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 333, 14-26. doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2009.01.003
• 32. Özçimen, D. ve Ersoy-Meriçboyu, A. (2009) Removal of Copper from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption onto Chesnut Shell and Grapeseed Activated Carbons, Journal of Hazordous Materials, 168, 1118-1125. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.02.148
• 33. Öztemel, E. (2003) Yapay Sinir Ağları, Papatya Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
• 34. Öztürk, N. (2014) İçme Suyu Arıtma Tesisi Atık Çamurunun Sulu Çözeltiden Bazı Kirletici Türlerin Adsorpsiyonla Gideriminde Kullanılabilirliğinin Araştırılması ve Yapay Sinir Ağları ile Modellenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon.
• 35. Öztürk, N., Şentürk, H. B., Gündoğdu, A. ve Duran, C. (2018) Modeling of Co(II) adsorption by artificial bee colony and genetic algorithm, Membrane Water Treatment, 9, 363 – 371. doi:10.12989/mwt.2018.9.5.363
• 36. Pavan, F.A., Lima, E.C., Dias, S.L.P. ve Mazzocato, A.C. (2008), Methylene Blue Biosorption from Aqueous Solutions by Yellow Passion Fruit Waste, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 150, 703–712. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.05.023
• 37. Ponnusami, V., Madhuram, R., Krithika, V. ve Srivastava, SN. (2008) Effects of Process Variables on Kinetics of Methylene Blue Sorption onto Untreated Guava (Psidium guajava) Leaf Powder: Statistical Analysis, Chemical Engineering Journal, 140-609. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2007.11.003
• 38. Rafatullah, M., Sulaimana, O., Hashima, R. ve Ahmadb, A. (2010) Adsorption of Methylene Blue on Low-Cost Adsorbents: A Review, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177, 70–80. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.12.047
• 39. Razali, M., Zhao, Y. Q. and Bruen, M. (2007) Effectiveness of a Drinking-Water Treatment Sludge in Removing Different Phosphorus Species from Aqueous Solution, Separation and Purification Technology, 55, 300–306. doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2006.12.004
• 40. Sarat Chandra, T., Mudliar, S.N., Vidyashankar, S., Mukherji, S., Sarada, R., Krishnamurthi, K. ve Chauhan, V. S. (2014) Defatted Algal Biomass as a Non- Conventional Low- Cost Adsorbent: Surface Characterization and Methylene Blue Adsorption Characteristics, Bioresource Technology, 184, 395–404. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.018
• 41. Sharma, Y.C. ve Uma (2010) Optimization of Parameters for Adsorption of Methylene Blue on a Low-Cost Activated Carbon, Journal of Chemical Engineering Data, 55, 435–439. doi:10.1021/je900408s
• 42. Srivastava, V. C., Mall, I. D. ve Mishra, I. M. (2008) Adsorption of Toxic Metal Ions onto Activated Carbon Study of Sorption Behaviour Through Characterization and Kinetics, Chemical Engineering and Processing, 47, 1269-1280. doi:10.1016/j.cep.2007.04.006
• 43. TSE CEN ISO/TS 17892-2/AC (2007) Geoteknik Etüt ve Deneyler- Zemin Laboratuvar Deneyleri- Bölüm 2: İnce taneli zeminde yoğunluk tayini, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Ankara.
• 44. TS ISO 1171 (2006) Katı Mineral Yakıtlar-Kül Miktarı Tayini, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Ankara.
• 45. TS ISO 11465 (1997) Toprak Kalitesi - Kütle Esasına Göre Kuru Madde ve Su Muhtevasının Tayini - Gravimetrik Metot, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Ankara.
• 46. TS 711 ISO 562 (2002) Taş Kömürü ve Kok - Uçucu Madde Tayini, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Ankara.
• 47. Vucˇurovic´, V.M., Razmovski, R.N. ve Tekic, M.N. (2012) Methylene Blue (Cationic Dye) Adsorption onto Sugar Beet Pulp: Equilibrium İsotherm and Kinetic Studies, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 43, 108–111. doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2011.06.008
• 48. Yang, Y., Zhao, Y. Q., Babatunde, A. O., Wang, L., Ren, Y. X. ve Han, Y. (2006) Characteristics and Mechanisms of Phosphate Adsorption on Dewatered Alum Sludge, Separation and Purification Technology, 51, 2, 193-200. doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2006.01.013
• 49. Yavuz, S. ve Deveci, M. (2013) İstatiksel Normalizasyon Tekniklerinin Yapay Sinir Ağın Performansına Etkisi, Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 40, 167-187. 50. Yener, J., Kopac, T., Dogu, G. ve Dogu, T. (2008) Dynamic Analysis of Sorption of Methylene Blue Dye on Granular and Powdered Activated Carbon, Chemical Engineering Journal, 144, 400–406. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2008.02.009
• 51. Yetilmezsoy, K. ve Demirel, S. (2008) Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Approach for Modeling of Pb(II) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution by Antep Pistachio (Pistacia Vera L.) Shells, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 153, 1288–1300. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.09.092
• 52. Zhang, Y., Wang, W., Zhang, J., Liu, P. ve Wang, A. (2015) A Comparative Study about Adsorption of Natural Palygorskite for Methylene Blue, Chemical Engineering Journal, 262, 390–398. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2014.10.009
• 53. Zhao, Y. Q., Razalı, M., Babatunde, A. O., Yang, Y. ve Bruen, M., 2007. Reuse of Aluminium-based Water Treatment Sludge to Immobilize a Wide Range of Phosphorus Contamination: Equilibrium Study with Different Isotherm Models, Centre of Water Resources Research, School of Architecture, Landscape and Civil Engineering, University College Dublin, Earlsford Terrace, Dublin 2, Ireland.
• 54. Zhou, Y.F. ve Haynes, R. J. (2011) Removal of Pb(II), Cr(III) and Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solutions using Alum-Derived Water Treatment Sludge, Water Air and Soil Pollution, 215, 631-643. doi:10.1007/s11270-010-0505-y
• 55. Zong, G.X., Hou Chen, Qu, R.J., Wang, C.H. ve Ji, N.Y., 2011. Synthesis of polyacrylonitrile-grafted cross-linked N-chlorosulfonamidated polystyrene via surfaceinitiated ARGET ATRP, and use of the resin in mercury removal after modification, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 186, 614–621. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.043