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Nanokompozitlerin Grafen ve Grafen Oksit ile Üretimi ve Karakterizasyonunun İncelenmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 27 Issue: 3, 1221 - 1234, 31.12.2022

Nihayet Koçyigit

https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1100896

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, epoksi ve CF matrislerine G ve GO ekleyerek G/epoksi, GO/epoksi, G/CFRP, GO/CFRP nanokompozitlerini elde etmek ve bu nanokompozitlerin çekme mukavemeti üzerine G ve GO'nun etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla, polimer matrislerde G homojen olarak dağılmadığından, G hummers yöntemiyle GO'ya dönüştürülmüş ve elde edilen GO'nun karakterizasyon analizi yapılmıştır. SEM, EDX, FTIR, X-RD analiz sonuçları, GO'nun başarıyla elde edildiğini göstermiştir. Daha sonra epoksi ve CFRP'ye %0,1, %0,2 ve %0,3 oranında G ve GO eklenmiş ve G/epoksi, GO/epoksi, G/CFRP, GO/CFRP nanokompozitleri elde edilmiştir. G ve GO'nun bu nanokompozitlerin çekme mukavemeti üzerindeki etkisini karşılaştırmak için çekme testi uygulanmiştir. En iyi sonuç %0,2 oranında G ve GO ilavesi ile elde edilmiş ve GO'nun çekme mukavemeti üzerindeki etkisinin G'ye göre daha iyi olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

Keywords

Hummers metodu grafen grafen oksit CFRP nanokompozit

References

  • 1. Çelik, Y.H., Kilickap, E. and Koçyiğit, N. (2018) Evaluation of drilling performances of nano composites reinforced with graphene and graphene oxide, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,100,2371-2385. doi: 10.1007/s00170-018-2875-z
  • 2. Colak, Ö.U.,Bahlouli, N.,Uzunsoy, D. and Francart, C. (2020) High strain rate behavior of graphene-epoxy nanocomposites,Polymer Testing, 106219. doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2019.106219
  • 3. Deshmukh, K. and Joshi, G.M. (2014) Thermo-mechanical properties of poly (vinyl chloride) /graphene oxide as high performance nanocomposites, Polymer Testing, 34,211-219. doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2014.01.015
  • 4. Deshmukh, K. and Joshi, G.M. (2014) Thermo-mechanical properties of poly (vinylchloride) /graphene oxide as high performance nanocomposites, Polymer Testing, 34,211-219. doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2014.01.015
  • 5. Goncalves, G., Marques, P.A.A.P., Timmons, A.B., Bdkin, I., Singh, M.K., Emamic, N. and Gracio, J. (2012) Graphene oxide modified with PMMA via ATRP as a reinforcement filler, Journal of Material Chemistry, 20, 9927-9934. doi:10.1039/C0JM01674H
  • 6. Ibrahim, A., Klopocinska, A., Horvat, K. and Hamid, Z.A. (2021) Graphene-based nanocomposites: synthesis, mechanical properties, and characterizations, Polymers, 13, 2869. doi: 10.3390/polym13172869
  • 7. Kang, W., Rhee, K.Y. and Park, S. (2017) Influence of surface energetics of graphene oxide on fracture toughness of epoxy nanocomposites, Composites Part B,114, 175-183. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.01.032
  • 8. Kausar, A., Rafique, I., Anwar, Z. and Muhammad, B. (2016) Perspectives of epoxy/graphene oxide composite: significant features and technical applications, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 55,704-722. doi: 10.1080/03602559.2015.1098700
  • 9. Kernin, A.,Wan,K.,Liu,Y.,Shi,X.,Kong, J.,Bilotti, E.,Peijs, T. and Zhang, H.(2019) The effect of graphene network formation on the electrical, mechanical, and multifunctional properties of graphene/epoxy nanocomposites,Composites Science and Technology,169,224-231. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.10.036
  • 10. Kim, H., Kobayashi, S., Abdurrahim, M.A., Zhang, M.J., Khusainova, A., Hillmyer, M.A., Abdala, A.A. and Macosko, C.W. (2011) Graphene/polyethylene nanocomposites: Effect of polyethylene functionalization and blending methods, Polymer,52,1837-1846. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.02.017
  • 11. Kuila, T., Bose, S., Mishra, A.K., Khanra, P., Kim, N.H. and Lee, J.H. (2012) Chemical functionalization of graphene and its applications, Progress in Materials Science,57, 1061-1105. doi: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2012.03.002
  • 12. Lalabadi, M.A.,Hashemi, H.,Feng, J. and Jafari,S.M. (2020) Carbon nanomaterials against pathogens; the antimicrobial activity of carbon nanotubes, graphene/graphene oxide, fullerenes, and their nanocomposites,Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 284, 102250. doi:10.1016/j.cis.2020.102250
  • 13. Le, M.-T. and Huang, S.-C. (2015) Thermal and mechanical behavior of hybrid polymer nanocomposite reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets,Materials,8,5526-5536. doi: 10.3390/ma8085262
  • 14. Li, Z., Young, R.J., Wang, R., Yang, F., Hao, L., Jiao, W. and Liu, W. (2013) The role of functional groups on graphene oxide in epoxy nanocomposites, Polymer, 54, 5821-5829. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.08.026
  • 15. Li,C.,Shi, Y.,Chen, X.,He, D.,Shen, L. and Bao, N. (2018) Controlled synthesis of graphite oxide: Formation process, oxidation kinetics, and optimized conditions, Chemical Engineering Science,176,319- 328. doi:10.1016/j.ces.2017.10.028
  • 16. Mahmoud, W.E. (2011) Morphology and physical properties of poly (ethylene oxide) loaded graphene nanocomposites prepared by two different techniques, European Polymer Journal,47,1534- 1540. doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.05.011
  • 17. Önder, M., Kayhan, E., Özkar, S. and Schneider, J.J. (2012) Palladium nanoparticles supported on chemically derived graphene: An efficient and reusable catalyst for the dehydrogenation of ammonia borane, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,37,8161-8169. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.02.128
  • 18. Pan, B., Zhang, S., Li, W., Zhao, J., Liu, J., Zhang, Y. and Zhang, Y. (2012) Tribological and mechanical investigation of MC nylon reinforced by modified graphene oxide,Wear, 294-295,395-4. doi:10.3390/coatings8030091
  • 19. Park, S., He, S.,Wang, J.,Stein, A. and Macosko, C.W. (2016) Graphene-polyethylene nanocomposites:Effect of graphene functionalization, Polymer,104,1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.058
  • 20. Rostampour, A., Sharif, M. and Mouji, N. (2016) Synergetic effects of graphene oxide and clay on the microstructure and properties of HIPS/graphene oxide/clay nanocomposites, Polymer Plastics Technology and Engineering, 56,171-183. doi: 10.1080/03602559.2016.1185626
  • 21. Sainsbury, T., Gnaniah, S., Spencer, S.J., Mignuzzi, S., Belsey, M.A., Paton, K.R. and Satti, A. (2017) Extreme mechanical reinforcement in graphene oxide based thin-film nanocomposites via covalently tailored nanofiller matrix compatibilization, Carbon, 114,367-376. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2016.11.061
  • 22. Shah, R., Kausar, A., Muhammad, B. and Shah, S. (2015) Progression from graphene and graphene oxide to high performance polymer-based nanocomposite: A Review, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 54,173-183. doi:10.1080/03602559.2014.955202
  • 23. Sofla, R.L.M.,Rezaei, M.,Babaie, A. and Nasiri, M. (2019) Preparation of electroactive shape memory polyurethane/graphene nanocomposites and investigation of relationship between rheology, morphology and electrical properties, Composites Part B: Engineering, 175, 107090. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107090
  • 24. Sridharan, V., Raja, T. and Muthukrishnan, N. (2016) Study of the effect of matrix, fibre treatment and graphene on delamination by drilling jute / epoxy nanohybrid composite, Arab Journal Science Engineering, 41,1883-1894. doi:10.1007/s13369-015-2005-2
  • 25. Sun, X.,Huang, C.,Wang, L.,Liang, L.,Cheng, Y.,Fei, W. and Li, Y. (2021) Recent progress in graphene/polymer nanocomposites,Advanced Materials,33(6),2001105. doi: 10.1002/adma.202001105
  • 26. Tang, L.C., Wan, Y.J., Yan, D., Pei, Y.B., Zhao, L., Li, Y.B., Wu, L.B., Jiang, J.-X. and Lai, G.Q. (2013) The effect of graphene dispersion on the mechanical properties of graphene / epoxy composites, Carbon, 60,16 -27. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2013.03.050
  • 27. Wang, P., Yang, J., Liu, W., Tang, X.Z., Zhao, K., Lu, X. and Xu, S. (2017) Tunable crack propagation behavior in carbon fiber reinforced plastic laminates with polydopamine and graphene oxide treated fibers, Materials and Design,113,68-75. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.10.013
  • 28. Wang, X., Yang, H., Song, L., Hu, Y., Xing, W. and Lu, H. (2016) Morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of graphene-reinforced poly(butylenesuccinate) nanocomposites, Composites Science and Technology,72,1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.05.007
  • 29. Zhang, X., Heng, Z., Shen, L., Liang, M., Zeng, Z., Chen, Y. and Zou, H. (2020) High-performance epoxy nanocomposites via constructing rigid structured interphase with epoxy-rich graphene oxide, Journal Applied of Polymer Science, 137(45), 49402. doi: 10.1002/app.49402
  • 30. Zhu, B.Y., Murali, S., Cai, W., Li, X., Suk, J.W., Potts, J.R. and Ruof, R.S. (2010) Graphene and graphene oxide: synthesis, properties, and applications, Advanced Materials, 22,3906-3924. doi:10.1002/adma.2010001068

PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOCOMPOSITES WITH GRAPHENE AND GRAPHENE OXIDE

Year 2022, Volume: 27 Issue: 3, 1221 - 1234, 31.12.2022

Nihayet Koçyigit

https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1100896

Abstract

The aim of this study was to i.) obtain Graphene (G)/epoxy, Graphene Oxide (GO)/epoxy, G/carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), GO/CFRP nanocomposites by G and GO addition to epoxy and CF matrices and ii.) investigate the effect of G and GO addition on tensile strength of the nanocomposites produced. The graphene was not homogeneously distributed in polymer matrices; therefore, the G was converted into the GO using hummers method. The characterization GO was carried out by SEM, EDX, FTIR and X-RD analysis, which confirmed the successful production of the GO. The G/epoxy, GO/epoxy, G/CFRP and GO/CFRP nanocomposites were obtained by adding G and GO to epoxy and CF at a rate of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%. The effect of G and GO on tensile strength of the nanocomposites was determined using a tensile test. The addition of G and GO at 0.2% rate yielded the best results. The effect of GO on tensile strength was better compared to that of the G.

Keywords

Hummers Method Graphene Graphene Oxide CFRP Nanocomposite

References

  • 1. Çelik, Y.H., Kilickap, E. and Koçyiğit, N. (2018) Evaluation of drilling performances of nano composites reinforced with graphene and graphene oxide, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,100,2371-2385. doi: 10.1007/s00170-018-2875-z
  • 2. Colak, Ö.U.,Bahlouli, N.,Uzunsoy, D. and Francart, C. (2020) High strain rate behavior of graphene-epoxy nanocomposites,Polymer Testing, 106219. doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2019.106219
  • 3. Deshmukh, K. and Joshi, G.M. (2014) Thermo-mechanical properties of poly (vinyl chloride) /graphene oxide as high performance nanocomposites, Polymer Testing, 34,211-219. doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2014.01.015
  • 4. Deshmukh, K. and Joshi, G.M. (2014) Thermo-mechanical properties of poly (vinylchloride) /graphene oxide as high performance nanocomposites, Polymer Testing, 34,211-219. doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2014.01.015
  • 5. Goncalves, G., Marques, P.A.A.P., Timmons, A.B., Bdkin, I., Singh, M.K., Emamic, N. and Gracio, J. (2012) Graphene oxide modified with PMMA via ATRP as a reinforcement filler, Journal of Material Chemistry, 20, 9927-9934. doi:10.1039/C0JM01674H
  • 6. Ibrahim, A., Klopocinska, A., Horvat, K. and Hamid, Z.A. (2021) Graphene-based nanocomposites: synthesis, mechanical properties, and characterizations, Polymers, 13, 2869. doi: 10.3390/polym13172869
  • 7. Kang, W., Rhee, K.Y. and Park, S. (2017) Influence of surface energetics of graphene oxide on fracture toughness of epoxy nanocomposites, Composites Part B,114, 175-183. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.01.032
  • 8. Kausar, A., Rafique, I., Anwar, Z. and Muhammad, B. (2016) Perspectives of epoxy/graphene oxide composite: significant features and technical applications, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 55,704-722. doi: 10.1080/03602559.2015.1098700
  • 9. Kernin, A.,Wan,K.,Liu,Y.,Shi,X.,Kong, J.,Bilotti, E.,Peijs, T. and Zhang, H.(2019) The effect of graphene network formation on the electrical, mechanical, and multifunctional properties of graphene/epoxy nanocomposites,Composites Science and Technology,169,224-231. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.10.036
  • 10. Kim, H., Kobayashi, S., Abdurrahim, M.A., Zhang, M.J., Khusainova, A., Hillmyer, M.A., Abdala, A.A. and Macosko, C.W. (2011) Graphene/polyethylene nanocomposites: Effect of polyethylene functionalization and blending methods, Polymer,52,1837-1846. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.02.017
  • 11. Kuila, T., Bose, S., Mishra, A.K., Khanra, P., Kim, N.H. and Lee, J.H. (2012) Chemical functionalization of graphene and its applications, Progress in Materials Science,57, 1061-1105. doi: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2012.03.002
  • 12. Lalabadi, M.A.,Hashemi, H.,Feng, J. and Jafari,S.M. (2020) Carbon nanomaterials against pathogens; the antimicrobial activity of carbon nanotubes, graphene/graphene oxide, fullerenes, and their nanocomposites,Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 284, 102250. doi:10.1016/j.cis.2020.102250
  • 13. Le, M.-T. and Huang, S.-C. (2015) Thermal and mechanical behavior of hybrid polymer nanocomposite reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets,Materials,8,5526-5536. doi: 10.3390/ma8085262
  • 14. Li, Z., Young, R.J., Wang, R., Yang, F., Hao, L., Jiao, W. and Liu, W. (2013) The role of functional groups on graphene oxide in epoxy nanocomposites, Polymer, 54, 5821-5829. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.08.026
  • 15. Li,C.,Shi, Y.,Chen, X.,He, D.,Shen, L. and Bao, N. (2018) Controlled synthesis of graphite oxide: Formation process, oxidation kinetics, and optimized conditions, Chemical Engineering Science,176,319- 328. doi:10.1016/j.ces.2017.10.028
  • 16. Mahmoud, W.E. (2011) Morphology and physical properties of poly (ethylene oxide) loaded graphene nanocomposites prepared by two different techniques, European Polymer Journal,47,1534- 1540. doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.05.011
  • 17. Önder, M., Kayhan, E., Özkar, S. and Schneider, J.J. (2012) Palladium nanoparticles supported on chemically derived graphene: An efficient and reusable catalyst for the dehydrogenation of ammonia borane, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,37,8161-8169. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.02.128
  • 18. Pan, B., Zhang, S., Li, W., Zhao, J., Liu, J., Zhang, Y. and Zhang, Y. (2012) Tribological and mechanical investigation of MC nylon reinforced by modified graphene oxide,Wear, 294-295,395-4. doi:10.3390/coatings8030091
  • 19. Park, S., He, S.,Wang, J.,Stein, A. and Macosko, C.W. (2016) Graphene-polyethylene nanocomposites:Effect of graphene functionalization, Polymer,104,1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.058
  • 20. Rostampour, A., Sharif, M. and Mouji, N. (2016) Synergetic effects of graphene oxide and clay on the microstructure and properties of HIPS/graphene oxide/clay nanocomposites, Polymer Plastics Technology and Engineering, 56,171-183. doi: 10.1080/03602559.2016.1185626
  • 21. Sainsbury, T., Gnaniah, S., Spencer, S.J., Mignuzzi, S., Belsey, M.A., Paton, K.R. and Satti, A. (2017) Extreme mechanical reinforcement in graphene oxide based thin-film nanocomposites via covalently tailored nanofiller matrix compatibilization, Carbon, 114,367-376. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2016.11.061
  • 22. Shah, R., Kausar, A., Muhammad, B. and Shah, S. (2015) Progression from graphene and graphene oxide to high performance polymer-based nanocomposite: A Review, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 54,173-183. doi:10.1080/03602559.2014.955202
  • 23. Sofla, R.L.M.,Rezaei, M.,Babaie, A. and Nasiri, M. (2019) Preparation of electroactive shape memory polyurethane/graphene nanocomposites and investigation of relationship between rheology, morphology and electrical properties, Composites Part B: Engineering, 175, 107090. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107090
  • 24. Sridharan, V., Raja, T. and Muthukrishnan, N. (2016) Study of the effect of matrix, fibre treatment and graphene on delamination by drilling jute / epoxy nanohybrid composite, Arab Journal Science Engineering, 41,1883-1894. doi:10.1007/s13369-015-2005-2
  • 25. Sun, X.,Huang, C.,Wang, L.,Liang, L.,Cheng, Y.,Fei, W. and Li, Y. (2021) Recent progress in graphene/polymer nanocomposites,Advanced Materials,33(6),2001105. doi: 10.1002/adma.202001105
  • 26. Tang, L.C., Wan, Y.J., Yan, D., Pei, Y.B., Zhao, L., Li, Y.B., Wu, L.B., Jiang, J.-X. and Lai, G.Q. (2013) The effect of graphene dispersion on the mechanical properties of graphene / epoxy composites, Carbon, 60,16 -27. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2013.03.050
  • 27. Wang, P., Yang, J., Liu, W., Tang, X.Z., Zhao, K., Lu, X. and Xu, S. (2017) Tunable crack propagation behavior in carbon fiber reinforced plastic laminates with polydopamine and graphene oxide treated fibers, Materials and Design,113,68-75. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.10.013
  • 28. Wang, X., Yang, H., Song, L., Hu, Y., Xing, W. and Lu, H. (2016) Morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of graphene-reinforced poly(butylenesuccinate) nanocomposites, Composites Science and Technology,72,1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.05.007
  • 29. Zhang, X., Heng, Z., Shen, L., Liang, M., Zeng, Z., Chen, Y. and Zou, H. (2020) High-performance epoxy nanocomposites via constructing rigid structured interphase with epoxy-rich graphene oxide, Journal Applied of Polymer Science, 137(45), 49402. doi: 10.1002/app.49402
  • 30. Zhu, B.Y., Murali, S., Cai, W., Li, X., Suk, J.W., Potts, J.R. and Ruof, R.S. (2010) Graphene and graphene oxide: synthesis, properties, and applications, Advanced Materials, 22,3906-3924. doi:10.1002/adma.2010001068
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Composite and Hybrid Materials
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Nihayet Koçyigit 0000-0002-3472-1127

Early Pub Date December 9, 2022
Publication Date December 31, 2022
Submission Date April 9, 2022
Acceptance Date December 6, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 27 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Koçyigit, N. (2022). PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOCOMPOSITES WITH GRAPHENE AND GRAPHENE OXIDE. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(3), 1221-1234. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1100896
AMA Koçyigit N. PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOCOMPOSITES WITH GRAPHENE AND GRAPHENE OXIDE. UUJFE. December 2022;27(3):1221-1234. doi:10.17482/uumfd.1100896
Chicago Koçyigit, Nihayet. “PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOCOMPOSITES WITH GRAPHENE AND GRAPHENE OXIDE”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 27, no. 3 (December 2022): 1221-34. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1100896.
EndNote Koçyigit N (December 1, 2022) PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOCOMPOSITES WITH GRAPHENE AND GRAPHENE OXIDE. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 27 3 1221–1234.
IEEE N. Koçyigit, “PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOCOMPOSITES WITH GRAPHENE AND GRAPHENE OXIDE”, UUJFE, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 1221–1234, 2022, doi: 10.17482/uumfd.1100896.
ISNAD Koçyigit, Nihayet. “PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOCOMPOSITES WITH GRAPHENE AND GRAPHENE OXIDE”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 27/3 (December 2022), 1221-1234. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1100896.
JAMA Koçyigit N. PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOCOMPOSITES WITH GRAPHENE AND GRAPHENE OXIDE. UUJFE. 2022;27:1221–1234.
MLA Koçyigit, Nihayet. “PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOCOMPOSITES WITH GRAPHENE AND GRAPHENE OXIDE”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 27, no. 3, 2022, pp. 1221-34, doi:10.17482/uumfd.1100896.
Vancouver Koçyigit N. PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOCOMPOSITES WITH GRAPHENE AND GRAPHENE OXIDE. UUJFE. 2022;27(3):1221-34.

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