Adapting the Faith Development Model to Muslim Populations: A New Framework

Yıl 2024, , 109 - 123, 15.12.2024

Üzeyir Ok , Carsten Gennerich

https://doi.org/10.54893/vanid.1558089

Öz

Changes in religiosity have profound effects on human behavior. Developing a comprehensive theory, along with instruments to test it, to explain the diversity in religiosity has been a critical goal in the history of the psychology of religion. The theory of faith development, primarily based on the cognitive development model, has made significant contributions to understanding religiosity. However, it has been widely criticized for its normative stance, lack of clarity in the definition of faith, insufficient empirical evidence, neglect of the content of faith, and failure to account for elements of other culture-specific religions. The aim of this study is to introduce a culturally sensitive, modified theoretical model of faith development tailored to Muslim religiosity styles. This model encompasses dimensions of both religious and non-religious content, intersecting with a spectrum of cognitive styles ranging from less sophisticated to highly sophisticated. Based on empirical findings, the autobiographies of leading Muslim historical figures, and the discourses of contemporary religious individuals, a revised version of the faith development model is proposed. The study argues that both secular and religious styles should be integrated into the model and introduces four main dimensions: Objectors (antagonistic and dissenting), Conservers (particularistic and conforming), Seekers (dialectical and enlightened), and Unifiers (apologetic and compassionate), each with two sub-dimensions. While retaining elements of the original Fowlerian faith development model presented by Fowler 1981, the new model incorporates critical and antagonistic approaches to religiosity, advanced forms of religious expression, and more nuanced variations within each religiosity style. An empirical study has been conducted to support this new model, and its findings will be published in a separate paper due to space constraints.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Faith Development, Muslim, Stage, Adaptation, Secular

İnanç Gelişimi Modelinin Müslüman Popülasyon İçin Modifiye Edilmesi: Yeni Bir Çerçeve

Öz

Dindarlıkta meydana gelen değişimler, insan davranışları üzerinde derin etkiler yaratır. Dindarlık çeşitliliğini açıklamak amacıyla kapsamlı bir teori geliştirmek ve bunu test edebilecek araçlar oluşturmak, din psikolojisi tarihinin önemli hedeflerinden biri olmuştur. Bilişsel gelişim modeline dayanan iman gelişim teorisi, dindarlığı anlamada önemli katkılar sağlamıştır. Ancak bu teori, normatif bir bakış açısı sunduğu, iman tanımının belirsiz olduğu, yeterince ampirik kanıta dayanmadığı, iman içeriğini ihmal ettiği ve diğer kültüre özgü dinlerin unsurlarını yansıtmadığı gerekçeleriyle geniş çapta eleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Müslüman dindarlık tarzlarına uyarlanmış, kültürel hassasiyeti olan, değiştirilmiş bir iman gelişim modelini tanıtmaktır. Bu model, hem dini hem de dinsiz içerikleri kapsayarak, daha az sofistike ile yüksek derecede sofistike bilişsel tarzlar arasında kesişen boyutları içerir. Ampirik bulgular, önde gelen Müslüman tarihsel figürlerin otobiyografileri ve modern dini bireylerin söylemlerine dayalı olarak, değiştirilmiş bir iman gelişim modeli önerilmektedir. Çalışma, hem seküler hem de dini tarzların modelde yer alması gerektiğini savunarak, dört ana boyut önermektedir: İtirazcılar (antagonist ve muhalif), Muhafazakârlar (özelci ve uyumcu), Arayışçılar (diyalektik ve aydınlanmış) ve Birleştiriciler (apologetik ve şefkatli), her biri iki alt boyutla birlikte. Orijinal iman gelişim modelinin unsurlarını korurken, yeni model dindarlığa yönelik eleştirel ve antagonist yaklaşımları, gelişmiş dindarlık biçimlerini ve her dindarlık tarzının daha ayrıntılı versiyonlarını da kapsamaktadır. Bu yeni modeli desteklemek amacıyla bir ampirik çalışma gerçekleştirilmiş olup, bulguları yer darlığı nedeniyle başka bir çalışmada yayımlanacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İnanç Gelişimi, Müslüman, Aşama, Uyarlama, Seküler

Kaynakça

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