Examining honey production with Geographic Information Systems (GIS): The example of Ordu province

Abstract

Beekeeping is an example of economic farming with its products that can be done without being dependent on plant and ecological production because of its contribution to pollination. This study aims to examine Ordu province, which has been at the top of Turkey's beekeeping activities and honey production for years, with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based on honey production data between 2013 and 2022. By evaluating the honey production data of registered breeders in Ordu province, cartographic maps were produced to evaluate the spatial projection of honey production for the last ten years. After creating a GIS-based database, district-based shape file (.shp extension) data was used for spatial analysis and mapping of the obtained outputs. After these data were defined in the WGS 84 EPSG:4326 coordinate reference system, the spatial distribution of honey production and yield throughout the study period was analyzed using the open-source QGIS version 3.18.3 software. It was determined that the highest honey production belonged to registered beekeepers in Altınordu district during the relevant time period. Altınordu is also the district with the highest number of registered enterprises. It was determined that the honey production data and the number of enterprises of the beekeepers in Gülyalı district, which is one of the neighbouring districts of this district, are lower than Altınordu district. After Altınordu district, Perşembe, Ulubey, Gürgentepe and Gölköy districts have an important place in honey production. Although these districts are neighbours like Gülyalı district, their high production may have resulted from the difference in cooperation between the districts. As a result, it was determined that honey production activities in Ordu province and districts, which is an important city in terms of honey production, vary depending on the districts. The problem of climate change, which is predicted that the world will be exposed to more in the near future, also directs beekeeping activities towards nomadic beekeeping. It can be said that like most of the breeders in Ordu province, registered beekeepers in other cities will be more orientated towards nomadic beekeeping against the threat of global warming.

Keywords

• Altınordu
• honey
• spatial analysis
• Ordu
• yield

References

1. Abd El-Aziz, A., Abo Ghanima, M., Mota-Rojas, D., Sherasiya, A., Ciani, F., & El-Sabrout K. (2023). Bee products for poultry and rabbits: current challenges and perspectives. Animals, 13(22), 3517. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13223517
2. Akpınar, A., & Bozkurt Z. (2021). An analysis on migratory beekeeping in Inner‐West Anatolia Region, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey: production, practice, marketing, and challenges. Harran Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 10(2), 153-160.
3. Ali, A. H., & Mohanny K. M. (2014). Effect of injection with bee venom extract on productive performance and immune response of broiler chicks. Journal of Animal and Poultry Production, 5(5), 237-46. https://doi.org/10.21608/jappmu.2014.69561
4. Andaregie, A., & Astatkie T. (2021). Determinants of beekeeping adoption by smallholder rural households in northwest ethiopia. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 7, 1954817. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2021 .1954817
5. Anonim, (2023, Kasım 11). Türkiye Arıcılık Haritası. https://aricilikharitasi.tarimorman.gov.tr/
6. Aşkan, E. (2023). Increasing honey production effectiveness in Erzincan and Van provinces. Sustainability, 15(9), 7524. https://doi.org/10.3390 /su15097524
7. Attia, Y. A., Bovera, F., Abd Elhamid, A. E., Nagadi, S. A., Mandour, M. A., & Hassan S. S. (2019). Bee pollen and propolis as dietary supplements for rabbit: effect on reproductive performance of does and on immunological response of does and their offspring. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 103(3), 959–68.
8. Bozkurt, Z. (2019). Bal arılarında refah. Bahri Dağdaş Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 8(2), 96‐108.

9. Breed, M. D. (2010). Honeybees, In Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior, edited by Michael D. Breed and Janice Moore, Academic Press, Oxford.
10. Çürüksulu Usta, G. (2023). Büyükşehir Belediye Modelinde Zabıta Hizmet Paylaşımı Analizi: Ordu ve Trabzon Örneği. Optimum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(2), 356-74. doi:10.17541/optimum.1240190
11. Dağdemir, V., & Akdemir G. D. (2021). Erzurum ilindeki tüketicilerin bal tüketim tercihlerinin incelenmesi. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 11(4), 3172-83. https://doi.org/10. 21597/jist.948572
12. Damián, G. C. (2016). GIS-based optimal localisation of beekeeping in rural Kenya (Publication No. S-223 62) [Master degree thesis, Lund University].
13. Dragicevic, S. (2004). The potential of Web-based GIS. Journal of Geographical Systems, 6(2), 79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-004-0133-4
14. El-Sabrout, K., Khalifah, A., & Ciani F. (2023). Current applications and trends in rabbit nutraceuticals. Agriculture. 13(7), 1424. https://doi. org/10.3390/agriculture13071424
15. Eser, E., & Erat S. (2022). Bal arısı (Apis mellifera) zehrinin etlik piliçlerde kullanımı. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi, 22(1), 76-8. https://doi.org/10.31467/ uluaricilik.1016030
16. Harita Genel Müdürlüğü, HGM. (2023, Kasım 1). Ordu fiziki il haritası. https://www.harita.gov.tr/ urun/ordu-fiziki-il-haritasi/346.
17. Hung, K. L. J., Kingston, J. M., Albrecht, M., Holway, D. A., & Kohn J. R. (2018). The worldwide importance of honey bees as pollinators in natural habitats. Proceedings Biological Sciences, 285(1870), 20172140. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb. 2017.2140
18. Guler, A. (2010). A morphometric model for determining the effect of commercial queen bee usage on the native honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) population in a Turkish province. Apidologie, 41(6), 622-35. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2010037
19. Lee, M. S., Pittler, M. H., Shin, B. C., Kong, J. C., & Ernst E. (2008). Bee venom acupuncture for musculoskeletal pain: a review. The journal of pain, 9(4), 289–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain. 2007.11.012
20. Koday, Z., & Karadağ H. (2020). Türkiye’deki arıcılık faaliyetleri ve bal üretiminin bölgesel dağılımı (2007-2018). Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(1), 495-510.
21. Kuvancı, A., Yılmaz, F., Öztürk, S.H., Konak, F., & Buldağ M. (2017). Doğu Karadeniz bölgesi arıcılığına genel bakış. Arıcılık Araştırma Dergisi, 9(2), 47-55.
22. Penberthy, T. M., Dillon, M. K., Chen, X., Donaldson-Matasci, M. C. (2023). Honey bee foraging density depends on plant size. Animal Behavior, 206, 39-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2023.09.008
23. Portakal, P., Aşkar, Ş., & Özgen S. (2023). Honey produced in different regions of Çankırı antibacterial, antioxidant properties and some chemical parameters. Van Veterinary Journal, 34(3), 256-62. https://doi.org/10.36483/vanvetj.1324294
24. Rollin, O., Bretagnolle, V., Decourtye, A., Aptel, J., Michel, N., Vaissière, B.E., & Henry M. (2013). Differences of floral resource use between honey bees and wild bees in an intensive farming system. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 179, 78-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.07.007
25. Sarı, F., Ceylan, D. A., Ozcan, M. M., & Ozcan M. M. (2020). A comparison of multicriteria decision analysis techniques for determining beekeeping suitability. Apidologie, 51, 481-98. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s13592-020-00736-7
26. Schouten, C. N. (2021). Factors influencing beekeepers’ income, productivity and welfare in developing countries: A scoping review. Journal of Apicultural Research, 60(2), 204–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 00218839.2020.1844464
27. Sıralı, R. (2017). Ordu Arıcılığının Başlıca Sorunları ve Çözüm Yolları. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi, 17(1), 35-43. https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.373728
28. Wright, G. A., Nicolson, S. W., & Shafir S. (2018). Nutritional Physiology and Ecology of Honey Bees. Annual review of entomology, 63, 327-44. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043423
29. Yaman, Ş., & Yaman M. (2023). Determınatıon of suitable beekeeping places by weıghted overlay analysıs: a case study of Bolu, Türkiye. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi, 23(2), 239-251.
30. Yılmaz, H.İ. (2022). Ordu ili yol zeminlerinde mekaniksel özelliklerin belirlenmesi (Publication No. 10385361) [Yüksek lisans tezi, Ordu Üniversitesi].