Evaluation of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin d3 levels in goat kids naturally infected with giardia duodenalis

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 levels in diarrhoeic goat kids. For this purpose, blood sample witdrawn from 10 diarrhoeic goat kids (Group I) and 10 healthy goat kids (Group II). Diagnosis of giardiasis was performed with multiple methods including microscopic examination and rapid test kits. Mean 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 levels were determined as 33,37 ng/ml in diarrhoetic goat kids and 86,78 ng/ml in control and that is found to statistically significant (p<0.001). Consequently, it was convinced that giardiasis-related intestinal malabsorption may cause severe reduction in vitamin D levels and vitamin D supplement should be administered proper and sufficient doses due to anti-microbial effect with anti-giardial medication in treatment regime.

Keywords

• Deficiecny
• giardiasis
• goat

References

1. Abed NT, Mohamed NS, Abdel-Gawad ER, Ibrahim SG (2014). Vitamin D status in children with recurrent acute diarrhea. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 3: 858-868.
2. Camkerten G, Erdoğan H, Ural DA, Camkerten İ, Erdoğan S, Ural K (2019). Giardia duodenalis ile Doğal Enfekte Kuzularda Serum 25 (OH) D3 Seviyeleri. Kocatepe Veteriner Dergisi 12(1): 71-74.
3. Girard C, Dereure O, Blatière V, Guillot B, Bessis D (2006). Vitamin A deficiency phrynoderma associated with chronic giardiasis. Pediatr Dermatol. 23(4): 346-349.
4. Günlü A, Alaşahan S (2010). Türkiye’de keçi yetiştiriciliği ve geleceği üzerine bazı değerlendirmeler. Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi. 81(2): 15-20.
5. Hidiroglou M, Karpinski K (1989). Providing vitamin D to confined sheep by oral supplementation vs ultraviolet irradiation. J Anim Sci. 67: 794–802.
6. Jafari H, Jalali M, Shapouri M, Hajikolaii M (2014). Determination of Giardia duodenalis genotypes in sheep and goat from Iran. Journal of Parasitic Diseases. 38(1): 81-84.
7. Koudela B, Vítovec J (1998). Experimental giardiasis in goat kids. Vet Parasitol. 74(1): 9-18.
8. Kovács S, Wilkens M, Liesegang A (2015). Influence of UVB exposure on the vitamin D status and calcium homoeostasis of growing sheep and goats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 99: 1–12.

9. Lalle M, Pozio E, Capelli G, Bruschi F, Crotti D, Cacciò SM (2005). Genetic heterogeneity at the beta-giardin locus among human and animal isolates of Giardiaduodenalis and identification of potentially zoonotic subgenotypes. Int J Parasitol. 35(2): 207-213.
10. MacLaughlin J. Anderson A, Holick M (1982). Spectral character of sunlight modulates photosynthesis of previtamin D3 and its photoisomers in human skin. Science. 216: 1001–1003.
11. Matilla F, Velleman Y, Harrison W, Nevel M (2018). Animal influence on water, sanitation and hygiene measures for zoonosis control at the household level: A systematic literature review. PLoS NTDs. 12(7): e0006619.
12. Nemeth MV, Wilkens MR, Liesegang A (2017). Vitamin D status in growing dairy goats and sheep: Influence of ultraviolet B radiation on bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis. J Dairy Sci. 100(10): 8072-8086.
13. O’Handley RM, Olson ME (2006). Giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis in ruminants. Vet Clin N Am Food Anim Pract. 22: 623–643.
14. Olson ME, Leonard NJ, Strout J (2010). Prevalence and diagnosis of Giardia infection in dogs and cats using a fecal antigen test and fecal smear. Can Vet J. 51(6): 640.
15. Ural DA, Erdoğan H, Toplu S, Ayan A (2017). Oğlaklarda Giardiazis Kontrolüne Yönelik Oral Klinoptilolit Uygulaması. Kocatepe Vet J. 10(3): 158-163.
16. Utaaker KS, Myhr N, Bajwa RS, Joshi H, Kumar A, Robertson LJ (2017). Goats in the city: prevalence of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in extensively reared goats in northern India. Acta Vet Scand. 59(1): 86.
17. Webb AR, Holick MF (1988). The role of sunlight in the cutaneous production of vitamin D3. Annu Rev Nutr. 8: 375–399.