URSODEOKSİKOLİK ASİTİN FARMAKOLOJİSİ VE KLİNİK KULLANIMI

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 64 - 73, 31.08.2025

Yunus Emre Başar , Ebru Yıldırım , Emine Baydan

https://doi.org/10.38137/vftd.1691902

Abstract

Safra, karaciğerde sentezlenen ve sindirimde önemli rol oynayan kompleks bir sıvıdır. İçeriğindeki safra asitleri, özellikle lipitlerin emilimini sağlamak ve kolesterol homeostazını korumak açısından kritik öneme sahiptir. Safra asitleri; primer ve sekonder olmak üzere ikiye ayrılmakta, bu sınıflandırmada ursodeoksikolik asit (UDCA) sekonder safra asitleri arasında yer almaktadır. UDCA, başlangıçta safra taşı tedavisinde kullanılmış, ardından primer biliyer siroz gibi kolestatik karaciğer hastalıklarında terapötik ajan olarak benimsenmiştir. Antiinflamatuar, antiapoptotik ve antioksidan özelliklerinin yanı sıra, hücre koruyucu etkiler göstermesi sayesinde karaciğer dışı birçok sistemik hastalıkta da potansiyel fayda sağlamaktadır. Farmakokinetik olarak oral yolla iyi emilmekte, karaciğerde konjugasyona uğradıktan sonra enterohepatik dolaşıma katılmaktadır. UDCA'nın karaciğer hastalıklarındaki etkisi, toksik safra asitlerini hidrofilik yapılarla yer değiştirerek kolestaza karşı koruma sağlaması, sitoprotektif ve antiapoptotik etkiler göstermesi ile ilişkilidir. Ayrıca nörodejeneratif hastalıklar, safra taşı erimesi, bazı kanser türleri ve oksidatif stres temelli birçok hastalıkta da koruyucu ve terapötik potansiyele sahiptir. Ancak bazı kontrendikasyonları ve yan etkileri bulunduğundan, kullanımı dikkatli değerlendirilmelidir. Bu derleme çalışması, UDCA’nın biyokimyasal özellikleri, farmakolojik etkileri, klinik kullanımları ve potansiyel terapötik yararlarını bütüncül bir yaklaşımla ele alarak, ilgili alanda yapılacak araştırmalar için temel bir kaynak sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

Antioksidan Etki , Farmakoloji , Kolestatik Karaciğer Hastalıkları , Safra Asitleri , Ursodeoksikolik Asit

PHARMACOLOGY AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID

Abstract

Teratology, which examines congenital anomalies and the factors that cause these anomalies, is a scientific discipline that intersects with developmental toxicology. The evaluation of the potential effects of teratogens on foetal development has become a fundamental prerequisite of preclinical research, particularly in revealing how environmental and chemical factors encountered during the prenatal period affect embryonic development. The chicken embryo model has long been utilized in developmental toxicity research. Among the methods used in preclinical studies, the chicken embryo model offers significant advantages compared to other animal models due to its easy accessibility, low cost, and fewer ethical restrictions.Additionally, the rapid observation of embryonic development represents a key advantage of this model. Moreover, the ability to perform analyses in a controlled environment has established the chicken embryo model as an indispensable tool in scientific studies. With its remarkable similarities to human embryonic development, the chicken embryo model continues to be a powerful tool for understanding embryonic developmental processes. This review aims to emphasize the advantages and limitations of utilizing chicken embryonic models in developmental toxicity testing.

Keywords

Antioxidant Effect , Bile Acids , Cholestatic Liver Diseases , Pharmacology , Ursodeoxycholic Acid

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