YARA İYILEŞMESI ARAŞTIRMALARINDA DENEYSEL HAYVAN MODELLERI: MEKANIZMALARI, UYGULAMALARI VE SINIRLILIKLARI

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 74 - 86, 31.08.2025

Nazli Karimi , Okan Arıhan

https://doi.org/10.38137/vftd.1700094

Abstract

Deri, insan vücudunun en büyük organıdır ve su kaybı ile patojenler gibi dış tehditlere karşı alttaki dokuları koruyan kritik bir bariyer görevi görür. Ancak bu görevi yerine getirirken, sıklıkla mekanik travma, termal yanıklar, kimyasal maruziyet, iskemi ve enfeksiyonlar gibi çok çeşitli yaralanmalara maruz kalır. Bu farklı yaralanma türlerinin hayvan çalışmalarında modellenmesi, yara iyileşmesi mekanizmalarının anlaşılmasını yardım etmektedir. Bu makale, yara iyileşmesi araştırmalarında yaygın olarak kullanılan deneysel hayvan modellerine odaklanmış bir genel bakış sunmakta, bu modellerin mekanizmalarını, uygulama alanlarını ve sınırlılıklarını özetlemektedir. Kemirgenler, domuzlar ve insan dışı primatlar, çeşitli cilt yaralanmalarını taklit etmek için sıkça kullanılmakta ve doku onarımında rol oynayan hücresel ve moleküler süreçlerin ortaya çıkarılmasında temel araçlar olarak hizmet etmektedir. Standart modellere ek olarak, diyabetik, enfekte, iskemik ve immünsüprese yaralar için özel yaklaşımların yanı sıra rejeneratif tedavilerin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan biyomateryal bazlı modeller de tartışılmaktadır. Bu derleme, Google Scholar, PubMed ve Web of Science gibi veritabanlarından elde edilen güncel yayınlara dayanmaktadır. Model seçiminde etik ilkeler, maliyet etkinliği ve translasyonel (klinikle uyumlu) geçerlilik gibi temel faktörler ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca, yara iyileşmesinin değerlendirilmesinde global ölçekte ve Türkiye’de yaygın olarak kullanılan makroskobik gözlem, histolojik analiz, moleküler testler ve görüntüleme teknikleri gibi yerleşik yöntemler de özetlenmiştir.Son olarak, fizyolojik geçerliliği artırma ve klinik uygulamaya geçişi hızlandırma potansiyeline sahip yeni teknolojiler vurgulanmıştır.

Keywords

Cilt yaralanması , Deneysel hayvan modelleri , Yara iyileşmesi

EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS IN WOUND HEALING RESEARCH: MECHANISMS, APPLICATIONS, AND LIMITATIONS

Abstract

The skin is the largest organ of the human body and acts as a critical barrier, protecting underlying tissues from water loss and external threats such as pathogens. However, in performing this role, it is often exposed to a wide range of injuries - including mechanical trauma, thermal burns, chemical exposure, ischemia, and infections. Modelling these diverse injury types in animal studies enhances our understanding of wound healing mechanisms. This article presents a focused overview of commonly used experimental animal models in wound healing research, outlining their mechanisms, applications, and limitations. Rodents, pigs, and non-human primates are frequently employed to replicate different types of skin injury and are essential for uncovering the cellular and molecular processes involved in tissue repair. In addition to standard models, specialized approaches for diabetic, infected, ischemic, and immunosuppressed wounds as well as biomaterial-based models for evaluating regenerative therapies are discussed. The review is based on recent publications retrieved from databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science. Key considerations in model selection such as ethical principles, cost-effectiveness, and translational relevance are examined. The review also summarizes established methods for evaluating wound healing such as macroscopic observation, histological analysis, molecular assays, and imaging techniques applied both globally and in Turkey. Finally, emerging technologies are highlighted for their potential to improve physiological relevance and accelerate clinical translation.

Keywords

Experimental Animal models , Skin injury , Wound healing

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