SU KAYNAKLARINDA MİKROPLASTİKLERİN VARLIĞI VE İNSAN SAĞLIĞI AÇISINDAN ÖNEMİ

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 79 - 88, 11.09.2021

Ömer Çakmak , Ulaş Acaröz

https://doi.org/10.38137/vftd.922677

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Dünya genelinde plastik kullanımı yılda 300 milyon tonun üzerindedir. Üretilen plastiğin büyük bir kısmı, fiziko-kimyasal işlemlerle daha küçük partiküllere parçalanırlar. Standart bir tanımı olmamakla birlikte genellikle mikroplastikler 5 mm'den küçük ancak 1 µm veya 100 nm'den büyük plastik partiküller olarak kabul edilir. Ortamdaki mikroplastikler, eklendikleri kişisel temizlik ürünleri (örneğin güneş kremleri ve diğer kozmetik ürünler) ile endüstriyel ürünlerin (boyalı yüzeyler, lastikler ve sentetik kumaşların) parçalanması sonucu meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu çeşitli kaynaklar, doğal çevrenin mikroplastiklerle yaygın şekilde kirlenmesine yol açmıştır. Plastiklerin ayrım gözetmeksizin kullanımı ve atıklarının yetersiz bertarafı küresel düzeyde ekosistemde ciddi endişelere yol açmaktadır. Mikroplastik kirliliğin yaygınlaşması canlı organizmalar üzerindeki zararlı etkilerine dair endişeleri de arttırmaktadır. Mikroplastikler son zamanlarda içme suyunda ve içme suyu kaynaklarında tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, mikroplastikler için standart örnekleme, ekstraksiyon ve tanımlama yöntemleri olmadığından içme suyundaki varlığına yönelik araştırmalar sınırlıdır. Bilimsel kanıtlar, mikroplastiklere maruziyet sonucu çeşitli hücre ve organlarda toksik etkiler, beslenmenin bozulmasından üreme sisteminde yan etkilere, karaciğer fizyolojisinde olumsuz değişimlere, enerji metabolizması bozulmalarına kadar çeşitli etkilere neden olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Mikroplastiklerin insan sağlığı üzerindeki riskleri değerlendirildiğinde içme suyunda oluşumu hakkında daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Ayrıca, mikroplastiklerin potansiyel kaynaklarının azaltılması, atıksu arıtma teknolojileri ve atık yönetimi bakımından yasal düzenlemeler önem arz etmektedir.

Keywords

Mikroplastik, İçme suyu, Su Güvenliği, Halk Sağlığı

MICROPLASTICS PRESENCE IN WATER SOURCES AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR HUMAN HEALTH

Abstract

The use of plastic worldwide is over 300 million tons per year. Most of the plastic produced is broken down into smaller particles by physico-chemical processes. Although there is not a standard definition for microplastics, they are generally considered as plastic particles smaller than 5 mm but larger than 1 µm or 100 nm. Microplastics in the environment can be derived from the breakdown of personal cleaning products (eg sunscreens and other cosmetic products) and industrial products (painted surfaces, tires, and synthetic fabrics) to which they are added. These various sources have led to widespread contamination of the natural environment with microplastics. The indiscriminate use of plastics and the inadequate disposal of their waste cause serious concerns about ecosystem quality at the global level. The widespread use of microplastic pollution also raises concerns about its harmful effects on living organisms. Microplastics have recently been detected in drinking water and drinking water supplies. However, since there are no standard sampling, extraction and identification methods for microplastics, there is a limited number of studies on their presence in drinking water. Scientific evidence reveals that exposure to microplastics causes a wide range of toxic effectson different cells and organs, from nutritional deterioration to reproductive performance, adverse alterations in liver physiology, energy metabolism impairments. Further studies are needed on the formation of microplastics in drinking water in terms of risk assessment on human health. In addition, legal regulations are important in terms of reducing potential sources of microplastics, wastewater treatment technologies and waste management.

Keywords

Microplastics, Drinking Water, Water Safety, Public Health

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