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BLOOD METABOLIC PROFILE TESTS IN DAIRY COW BREEDING

Year 2022, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 152 - 162, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.38137/vftd.1177485

Abstract

Metabolic profile test; It is defined as a set of specific analytical tests carried out in combination and used on a herd-based rather than individual-based diagnosis. These analytical tests were first used in dairy cows in England in the 1960s. The term 'Metabolic Profile' refers to the analysis of blood biochemical components and is used for the prevention and assessment of nutritional and metabolic problems in dairy herds. Parameters reflecting the nutritional status of the cow include glucose, fructosamine, insulin, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), beta hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), cholesterol, and enzymes that indicate the status of the liver. The period of 6-8 weeks is defined as the transition period-periparturient, which includes the early stages of lactation, with 3-4 weeks to delivery, coordinated changes in terms of hormonal and metabolic balance, and the nutritional needs are higher than normal. The majority of metabolic diseases seen in most dairy farms occur during this stressful period. In this critical period, which is very important for animal health, to see and prevent metabolic diseases, to detect and interpret the disease beforehand, to confirm the diagnosis, to follow the course of the disease, fertility, nutritional balance, to eliminate and control the deficiencies in the ration, to examine the metabolic profile tests. possible. For all these reasons, the metabolic profile test is very important in dairy cow farming.

References

  • Baird, G. D. (1982). Primary ketosis in the high-producing dairy cow: clinical and subclinical disorders, treatment, prevention, and outlook. Journal of Dairy Science, 65 (1), 1-10.
  • Başoğlu, A. & Sevinç, M. (2004). Evcil Hayvanlarda Metabolik ve Endokrinolojik Hastalıklar. Konya, Türkiye: Pozitif Matbacılık.
  • Bell, A. W. (1995). Regulation of organic nutrient metabolism during transition from late pregnancy to early lactation. Journal of Animal Science, 73 (9), 2804-2819.
  • Bell, A. W., Burhans, W. S. & Overton, T. R. (2000). Protein nutrition in late pregnancy, maternal protein reserves and lactation performance in dairy cows. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 59 (1), 119-126.
  • Berglund, B. & Danell, B. (1987). Live weight changes, feed consumption, milk yield and energy balance in dairy cattle during the first period of lactation. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, 37 (4), 495-509.
  • Bertoni, G., Trevisi, E., Han, X. & Bionaz, M. (2006). The relationship between inflammatory condition and liver activity in the puerperium and their consequences on fertility in dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science, 91 (9), 0-3310.
  • Butler, W. R. (2000). Nutritional interactions with reproductive performance in dairy cattle. Animal Reproduction Science, 60, 449-457.
  • Ceciliani, F., Ceron, J. J., Eckersall, P. D. & Sauerwein, H. (2012). Acute phase proteins in ruminants. Journal of Proteomics, 75 (14), 4207-4231.
  • Cozzi, G., Ravarotto, L., Gottardo, F., Stefani, A. L., Contiero, B., Moro, L. & Dalvit, P. (2011). Reference values for blood parameters in Holstein dairy cows: Effects of parity, stage of lactation, and season of production. Journal of Dairy Science, 94 (8), 3895-3901.
  • Crawford, R. G., Leslie, K. E., Bagg, R., Dick, C. P. & Duffield, T. F. (2005). The impact of controlled release capsules of monensin on postcalving haptoglobin concentrations in dairy cattle. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 69 (3), 208.
  • Dann, H. M., Litherland, N. B., Underwood, J. B., Bionaz, M., Dangelo, M., McFadden, J. W. & Drackley, J. K. (2006). Diets During Far-Off and Close-Up Dry Periods Affect Periparturient Metabolism and Lactation in Multiparous Cows1. Journal of Dairy Science, 89 (9), 3563-3577.
  • Daudon, M., Ramé, C., Estienne, A., Price, C. & Dupont, J. (2022). Impact of fibronectin type III domain-containing family in the changes in metabolic and hormonal profiles during peripartum period in dairy cows. Frontiers Veterinary Science, 9, 960778.
  • Drackley, J. K., Overton, T. R. & Douglas, G. N. (2001). Adaptations of glucose and long-chain fatty acid metabolism in liver of dairy cows during the periparturient period. Journal of Dairy Science, 84, 100-112.
  • Duffield, T. F., Lissemore, K. D., McBride, B. W. & Leslie, K. E. (2009). Impact of hyperketonemia in early lactation dairy cows on health and production. Journal of Dairy Science, 92(2), 571-580.
  • Eom, J. S., Lee1, S. J., Kim, H. S., Choi, Y., Jo, S. Uk., Lee, S. S., Kim, E. T. & Lee, S. S. (2020). Metabolic profiling of serum and urine in lactating dairy cows affected by subclinical ketosis using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 64 (2), 247-261.
  • Goff, J. & Horst, R. (2003). Milk fever control in the United States. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Supplementum, 97, 145-147.
  • Gobikrushantha, M., Macmillanb, K., Behrouzib, A., López-Helguerac, I., Hoffd, B. & Colazo, M. G. (2020). Circulating Ca and its relationship with serum minerals, metabolic and nutritional profiles, health disorders, and productive and reproductive outcomes in dairy cows. Livestock Science, 233, 103946.
  • Grummer, R. R. (1995) Impact of changes in organic nutrient metabolism on feeding the transition dairy cow. Journal of Animal Science, 73, 2820-2833.
  • Grummer, R. & Rastani, R. (2004). Why reevaluate dry period length? Journal of Dairy Science, 87, 77-85.
  • Grummer, R. R., Wiltbank, M. C., Fricke, P. M., Watters, R. D. & Sılva-Del-Rio, N. (2010). Management of dry and transition cows to improve energy balance and reproduction. Journal of Reproduction and Development, 56, 22-28.
  • Halliwell, B. (2006). Reactive species and antioxidants. Redox biology is a fundamental theme of aerobic life. Plant Physiology, 141 (2), 312-322.
  • Hayirli, A., Bertics, S. J. & Grummer, R. R. (2002). Effects of slow-release insulin on production, liver triglyceride, and metabolic profiles of Holsteins in early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science, 85 (9), 2180-2191.
  • Herdt, T. H. (2000). Variability Characteristics And Test Selection In Herdlevel Nutritional And Metabolic Profile Testing. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 16 (2), 387–403.
  • Ingraham, R. H. & Kappel, L. C. (1988). Metabolie Profile Testing. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 4 (2), 391-411.
  • Kabir, M., Hasan, Md. M., Tanni, N. S., Parvin, Mst. S., Asaduzzaman, Md., Ehsan Md. A. & Islam, Md. T. (2022) Metabolic profiling in periparturient dairy cows and its relation with metabolic diseases. BMC Research Notes, 15, 231.
  • Kabu, M., Cıngı, C. Ç. & Civelek, T. (2008). Süt ineklerinde yağlı karaciğer sendromu ve korunma yolları. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 1 (1), 83-88.
  • Kabu, M. (2012). Bor, Propilen Glikol ve Methioninin Süt Sığırlarında Metabolik Profil Üzerine Etkisi. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 5 (1).
  • Kayano, M. & Kida, K. (2015). Identifying alterations in metabolic profiles of dairy cows over the past two decades in Japan using principal component analysis. Journal of Dairy Science, 98 (12), 8764-8774.
  • Kennerman, E. (2011). Metabolic profile test in dairy cows. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2 (2), 96-101.
  • Kida, K. (2002). The metabolic profile test: its practicability in assessing feeding management and periparturient diseases in high yielding commercial dairy herds. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 64 (7), 557-563.
  • LeBlanc, S. J., Lissemore, K. D., Kelton, T. F., Duffield, T. F. & Leslie, K. E. (2006). Major advances in disease prevention in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 89 (4), 1267-1279.
  • LeBlanc, S. (2010). Monitoring metabolic health of dairy cattle in the transition period. Journal of reproduction and development, 56, 29-35.
  • Mulligan, F. J. & Doherty, M. (2008). Production diseases of the transition cow. The Veterinary Journal, 176 (1), 3-9.
  • Oetzel, G. R. (2007). Herd-level ketosis–diagnosis and risk factors. Preconference seminar 7C, Citeseer, Kanada, 2007, 67-91.
  • Ospina, P. A., Nydam, D. V., Stokol, T. & Overton, T. R. (2010). Association between the proportion of sampled transition cows with increased nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate and disease incidence, pregnancy rate, and milk production at the herd level. Journal of Dairy Science, 93 (8), 3595-3601.
  • Paiano, R. B., Birgel, D. B., Bonilla J. & Junior, E. H. B. (2020). Evaluation of biochemical profile of dairy cows with metabolic diseases in tropical conditions. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 55, 1219–1228.
  • Payne, J. M., Dew, S. M., Manston, R. & Faulks, M. (1970). The use of a metabolic profile test in dairy herds. Veterinary Record, 87, 150-158.
  • Payne, J. M., Rowlands, G. J., Manston, R. & Dew, S. M. (1973). A statistical appraisal of the results of metabolic profile tests on 75 dairy herds. British Veterinary Journal, 129 (4), 370-381.
  • Payne, J. M., Payne, S. (1987). The metabolic profile test. Oxford University Press.
  • Praveen, S. & Dhaarani, C. (2018). Managemental approach of the cow during transition period. Int J Sci Environ, 7 (3), 950-954.
  • Raboisson, D., Mounié, M. & Maigné, É. (2014). Diseases, reproductive performance, and changes in milk production associated with subclinical ketosis in dairy cows: A meta-analysis and review. Journal of Dairy Science, 97 (12), 7547-7563.
  • Radostits, O. M., Gay, C., Hinchcliff, K. W. & Constable, P. D. (2006). Veterinary Medicine E-Book: A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats, 11nd ed. Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • Roche, J. R., Bell, A. W., Overton, T. R. & Loor, J. J. (2013). Nutritional management of the transition cow in the 21st century–a paradigm shift in thinking. Animal Production Science, 53 (9), 1000-1023.
  • Roche, R. J., Burke, J. R., Crookenden, M. A. & Heiser, A. (2018). Fertility and the transition dairy cow. Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 30 (1), 85-100.
  • Rossato, W., Gonzalez, F. H. D., Dias, M. M., Ricco, D., Valle, S. F., Rosa, V. L. L. A., Conceiaçao, T., Duarte, F. & Wald, V. (2001). Number of lactations affects metabolic profile of dairy cows. Archives of Veterinary Science, 6 (2), 83-88.
  • Salman, M. & Bölükbaş, B. (2016). P45-Geçiş dönemindeki süt ineklerinde metabolik profil ve analitik testler. 1. Uluslararası Hayvan Besleme Kongresi, Antalya, 2016, 28.
  • Seifi, H. A., Stephen, J. L., Leslie, K. E. & Duffield, T. F. (2011). Metabolic predictors of post-partum disease and culling risk in dairy cattle. The Veterinary Journal, 188 (2), 216-220.
  • Serbester, U., Çınar, M. & Hayırlı, A. (2012). Sütçü ineklerde negatif enerji dengesi ve metabolik indikatörleri. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 18 (4), 705-711.
  • Smith, K. L., Waldron, M. R., Ruzzi, L. C., Drackley, J. K., Socha, M. T. & Overton, T. R. (2008). Metabolism of dairy cows as affected by prepartum dietary carbohydrate source and supplementation with chromium throughout the periparturient period. Journal of Dairy Science, 91 (5), 2011-2020.
  • Sordillo, L. M. & Raphael, W. (2013). Significance of metabolic stress, lipid mobilization, and inflammation on transition cow disorders. Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice, 29 (2), 267-278.
  • Stengärde, L., Traven, M., Emanuelson, U., Holtenius, K., Hultgren, J. & Niskanen, R. (2008). Metabolic profiles in five high-producing Swedish dairy herds with a history of abomasal displacement and ketosis. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 50 (1), 31.
  • Turgut, K. (2000). Veteriner Klinik Laboratuvar Teşhis. Bahçıvanlar basım sanayi, Genişletilmiş 2. baskı. 2000. pp. 346-382.
  • Van Saun, R. J. & Wustenberg, M. (1997). Metabolic profiling to evaluate nutritional and disease status. The bovine practitioner, Washington, 1997, 37-42.
  • Van Saun, R. J. (2009). Metabolic profiling. Current Veterinary Therapy, Elsevier Inc. 5nd ed. 2009. pp. 153-162.
  • Wankhade, P. R., Manimaran, A., Kumaresan, A., Jeyakumar, S., Ramesha, K. P., Sejian, V. & Varghese, M. R. (2017). Metabolic and immunological changes in transition dairy cows: A review. Veterinary World, 10 (11), 1367.
  • Xu, W., Vervoort, J., Saccenti, E., Kemp, B., van Hoeij, R. J. & van Knegsel A. T. M. (2020). Relationship between energy balance and metabolic profiles in plasma and milk of dairy cows in early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science, 103, 4795–4805.
  • Yanar, K. E. & Aktaş, M. S. (2021). Periparturient Dönemde Süt Sığırlarında Sıklıkla Görülen Subklinik Metabolik Hastalıklara Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi, 10 (1), 304-315.
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  • Yildiz, N. & Kizil, Ö. (2011). Süt ineklerinde mevsimsel değişikliğin metabolik parametreler üzerindeki etkisi. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi, 25 (3), 125-128.
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SÜT İNEĞİ YETİŞTİRİCİLİĞİNDE KAN METABOLİK PROFİLİ TESTLERİ

Year 2022, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 152 - 162, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.38137/vftd.1177485

Abstract

Metabolik profil testi; kombinasyon halinde yürütülen ve bireye dayalı teşhis yerine sürüye dayalı olarak kullanılan bir dizi spesifik analitik test olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu analitik testler süt ineklerinde ilk olarak 1960`larda İngiltere`de kullanılmıştır.‘Metabolik Profil’ terimi kanın biyokimyasal bileşenlerinin analizini ifade etmekte ve süt ineği sürülerinde besinsel ve metabolik problemlerin önlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. İneğin besin durumunu yansıtan parametreler arasında glikoz, fruktozamin, insülin, esterleşmemiş yağ asidi (NEFA), beta hidroksibütirik asit (BHBA), kolesterol ve karaciğerin durumunu gösteren enzimler bulunmaktadır. Doğuma 3-4 hafta kalması ile birlikte laktasyonun erken dönemlerini içeren, hormonal ve metabolik denge açısından koordineli değişikliklerin olduğu ve besin ihtiyaçlarının normalden daha fazla olduğu 6-8 haftalık dönem geçiş dönemi-periparturient diye tanımlanmaktadır. Süt ineği işletmelerinin çoğunda görülen metabolik hastalıkların büyük çoğunluğu bu stresli dönemde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Hayvan sağlığı açısından oldukça önemli olan bu kritik dönemde metabolik hastalıkların oluşup oluşmadığını görmek ve engellemek, hastalığı daha önceden tespit etmek ve yorumlamak, teşhisi doğrulamak, fertilite, beslenme dengesi, hastalığın seyrini takip etmek, rasyondaki eksiklikleri gidermek ve kontrol etmek metabolik profil testlerinin incelenmesi ile mümkün olabilmektedir. İşte tüm bu belirtilen nedenlerden dolayı süt ineği yetiştiriciliğinde metabolik profil testinin önemi oldukça fazladır.

References

  • Baird, G. D. (1982). Primary ketosis in the high-producing dairy cow: clinical and subclinical disorders, treatment, prevention, and outlook. Journal of Dairy Science, 65 (1), 1-10.
  • Başoğlu, A. & Sevinç, M. (2004). Evcil Hayvanlarda Metabolik ve Endokrinolojik Hastalıklar. Konya, Türkiye: Pozitif Matbacılık.
  • Bell, A. W. (1995). Regulation of organic nutrient metabolism during transition from late pregnancy to early lactation. Journal of Animal Science, 73 (9), 2804-2819.
  • Bell, A. W., Burhans, W. S. & Overton, T. R. (2000). Protein nutrition in late pregnancy, maternal protein reserves and lactation performance in dairy cows. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 59 (1), 119-126.
  • Berglund, B. & Danell, B. (1987). Live weight changes, feed consumption, milk yield and energy balance in dairy cattle during the first period of lactation. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, 37 (4), 495-509.
  • Bertoni, G., Trevisi, E., Han, X. & Bionaz, M. (2006). The relationship between inflammatory condition and liver activity in the puerperium and their consequences on fertility in dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science, 91 (9), 0-3310.
  • Butler, W. R. (2000). Nutritional interactions with reproductive performance in dairy cattle. Animal Reproduction Science, 60, 449-457.
  • Ceciliani, F., Ceron, J. J., Eckersall, P. D. & Sauerwein, H. (2012). Acute phase proteins in ruminants. Journal of Proteomics, 75 (14), 4207-4231.
  • Cozzi, G., Ravarotto, L., Gottardo, F., Stefani, A. L., Contiero, B., Moro, L. & Dalvit, P. (2011). Reference values for blood parameters in Holstein dairy cows: Effects of parity, stage of lactation, and season of production. Journal of Dairy Science, 94 (8), 3895-3901.
  • Crawford, R. G., Leslie, K. E., Bagg, R., Dick, C. P. & Duffield, T. F. (2005). The impact of controlled release capsules of monensin on postcalving haptoglobin concentrations in dairy cattle. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 69 (3), 208.
  • Dann, H. M., Litherland, N. B., Underwood, J. B., Bionaz, M., Dangelo, M., McFadden, J. W. & Drackley, J. K. (2006). Diets During Far-Off and Close-Up Dry Periods Affect Periparturient Metabolism and Lactation in Multiparous Cows1. Journal of Dairy Science, 89 (9), 3563-3577.
  • Daudon, M., Ramé, C., Estienne, A., Price, C. & Dupont, J. (2022). Impact of fibronectin type III domain-containing family in the changes in metabolic and hormonal profiles during peripartum period in dairy cows. Frontiers Veterinary Science, 9, 960778.
  • Drackley, J. K., Overton, T. R. & Douglas, G. N. (2001). Adaptations of glucose and long-chain fatty acid metabolism in liver of dairy cows during the periparturient period. Journal of Dairy Science, 84, 100-112.
  • Duffield, T. F., Lissemore, K. D., McBride, B. W. & Leslie, K. E. (2009). Impact of hyperketonemia in early lactation dairy cows on health and production. Journal of Dairy Science, 92(2), 571-580.
  • Eom, J. S., Lee1, S. J., Kim, H. S., Choi, Y., Jo, S. Uk., Lee, S. S., Kim, E. T. & Lee, S. S. (2020). Metabolic profiling of serum and urine in lactating dairy cows affected by subclinical ketosis using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 64 (2), 247-261.
  • Goff, J. & Horst, R. (2003). Milk fever control in the United States. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Supplementum, 97, 145-147.
  • Gobikrushantha, M., Macmillanb, K., Behrouzib, A., López-Helguerac, I., Hoffd, B. & Colazo, M. G. (2020). Circulating Ca and its relationship with serum minerals, metabolic and nutritional profiles, health disorders, and productive and reproductive outcomes in dairy cows. Livestock Science, 233, 103946.
  • Grummer, R. R. (1995) Impact of changes in organic nutrient metabolism on feeding the transition dairy cow. Journal of Animal Science, 73, 2820-2833.
  • Grummer, R. & Rastani, R. (2004). Why reevaluate dry period length? Journal of Dairy Science, 87, 77-85.
  • Grummer, R. R., Wiltbank, M. C., Fricke, P. M., Watters, R. D. & Sılva-Del-Rio, N. (2010). Management of dry and transition cows to improve energy balance and reproduction. Journal of Reproduction and Development, 56, 22-28.
  • Halliwell, B. (2006). Reactive species and antioxidants. Redox biology is a fundamental theme of aerobic life. Plant Physiology, 141 (2), 312-322.
  • Hayirli, A., Bertics, S. J. & Grummer, R. R. (2002). Effects of slow-release insulin on production, liver triglyceride, and metabolic profiles of Holsteins in early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science, 85 (9), 2180-2191.
  • Herdt, T. H. (2000). Variability Characteristics And Test Selection In Herdlevel Nutritional And Metabolic Profile Testing. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 16 (2), 387–403.
  • Ingraham, R. H. & Kappel, L. C. (1988). Metabolie Profile Testing. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 4 (2), 391-411.
  • Kabir, M., Hasan, Md. M., Tanni, N. S., Parvin, Mst. S., Asaduzzaman, Md., Ehsan Md. A. & Islam, Md. T. (2022) Metabolic profiling in periparturient dairy cows and its relation with metabolic diseases. BMC Research Notes, 15, 231.
  • Kabu, M., Cıngı, C. Ç. & Civelek, T. (2008). Süt ineklerinde yağlı karaciğer sendromu ve korunma yolları. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 1 (1), 83-88.
  • Kabu, M. (2012). Bor, Propilen Glikol ve Methioninin Süt Sığırlarında Metabolik Profil Üzerine Etkisi. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 5 (1).
  • Kayano, M. & Kida, K. (2015). Identifying alterations in metabolic profiles of dairy cows over the past two decades in Japan using principal component analysis. Journal of Dairy Science, 98 (12), 8764-8774.
  • Kennerman, E. (2011). Metabolic profile test in dairy cows. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2 (2), 96-101.
  • Kida, K. (2002). The metabolic profile test: its practicability in assessing feeding management and periparturient diseases in high yielding commercial dairy herds. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 64 (7), 557-563.
  • LeBlanc, S. J., Lissemore, K. D., Kelton, T. F., Duffield, T. F. & Leslie, K. E. (2006). Major advances in disease prevention in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 89 (4), 1267-1279.
  • LeBlanc, S. (2010). Monitoring metabolic health of dairy cattle in the transition period. Journal of reproduction and development, 56, 29-35.
  • Mulligan, F. J. & Doherty, M. (2008). Production diseases of the transition cow. The Veterinary Journal, 176 (1), 3-9.
  • Oetzel, G. R. (2007). Herd-level ketosis–diagnosis and risk factors. Preconference seminar 7C, Citeseer, Kanada, 2007, 67-91.
  • Ospina, P. A., Nydam, D. V., Stokol, T. & Overton, T. R. (2010). Association between the proportion of sampled transition cows with increased nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate and disease incidence, pregnancy rate, and milk production at the herd level. Journal of Dairy Science, 93 (8), 3595-3601.
  • Paiano, R. B., Birgel, D. B., Bonilla J. & Junior, E. H. B. (2020). Evaluation of biochemical profile of dairy cows with metabolic diseases in tropical conditions. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 55, 1219–1228.
  • Payne, J. M., Dew, S. M., Manston, R. & Faulks, M. (1970). The use of a metabolic profile test in dairy herds. Veterinary Record, 87, 150-158.
  • Payne, J. M., Rowlands, G. J., Manston, R. & Dew, S. M. (1973). A statistical appraisal of the results of metabolic profile tests on 75 dairy herds. British Veterinary Journal, 129 (4), 370-381.
  • Payne, J. M., Payne, S. (1987). The metabolic profile test. Oxford University Press.
  • Praveen, S. & Dhaarani, C. (2018). Managemental approach of the cow during transition period. Int J Sci Environ, 7 (3), 950-954.
  • Raboisson, D., Mounié, M. & Maigné, É. (2014). Diseases, reproductive performance, and changes in milk production associated with subclinical ketosis in dairy cows: A meta-analysis and review. Journal of Dairy Science, 97 (12), 7547-7563.
  • Radostits, O. M., Gay, C., Hinchcliff, K. W. & Constable, P. D. (2006). Veterinary Medicine E-Book: A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats, 11nd ed. Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • Roche, J. R., Bell, A. W., Overton, T. R. & Loor, J. J. (2013). Nutritional management of the transition cow in the 21st century–a paradigm shift in thinking. Animal Production Science, 53 (9), 1000-1023.
  • Roche, R. J., Burke, J. R., Crookenden, M. A. & Heiser, A. (2018). Fertility and the transition dairy cow. Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 30 (1), 85-100.
  • Rossato, W., Gonzalez, F. H. D., Dias, M. M., Ricco, D., Valle, S. F., Rosa, V. L. L. A., Conceiaçao, T., Duarte, F. & Wald, V. (2001). Number of lactations affects metabolic profile of dairy cows. Archives of Veterinary Science, 6 (2), 83-88.
  • Salman, M. & Bölükbaş, B. (2016). P45-Geçiş dönemindeki süt ineklerinde metabolik profil ve analitik testler. 1. Uluslararası Hayvan Besleme Kongresi, Antalya, 2016, 28.
  • Seifi, H. A., Stephen, J. L., Leslie, K. E. & Duffield, T. F. (2011). Metabolic predictors of post-partum disease and culling risk in dairy cattle. The Veterinary Journal, 188 (2), 216-220.
  • Serbester, U., Çınar, M. & Hayırlı, A. (2012). Sütçü ineklerde negatif enerji dengesi ve metabolik indikatörleri. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 18 (4), 705-711.
  • Smith, K. L., Waldron, M. R., Ruzzi, L. C., Drackley, J. K., Socha, M. T. & Overton, T. R. (2008). Metabolism of dairy cows as affected by prepartum dietary carbohydrate source and supplementation with chromium throughout the periparturient period. Journal of Dairy Science, 91 (5), 2011-2020.
  • Sordillo, L. M. & Raphael, W. (2013). Significance of metabolic stress, lipid mobilization, and inflammation on transition cow disorders. Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice, 29 (2), 267-278.
  • Stengärde, L., Traven, M., Emanuelson, U., Holtenius, K., Hultgren, J. & Niskanen, R. (2008). Metabolic profiles in five high-producing Swedish dairy herds with a history of abomasal displacement and ketosis. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 50 (1), 31.
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There are 60 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Veterinary Sciences
Journal Section Review
Authors

Kamil Dağdelen 0000-0003-3547-2385

Beyza Suvarıklı Alan 0000-0003-4698-9291

Avni Camgöz 0000-0003-4284-1476

Vahdettin Altunok 0000-0002-4076-5492

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Acceptance Date December 29, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 13 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Dağdelen, K., Suvarıklı Alan, B., Camgöz, A., Altunok, V. (2022). SÜT İNEĞİ YETİŞTİRİCİLİĞİNDE KAN METABOLİK PROFİLİ TESTLERİ. Veteriner Farmakoloji Ve Toksikoloji Derneği Bülteni, 13(3), 152-162. https://doi.org/10.38137/vftd.1177485