YENİÇAĞDA OMİK BİLİMLER VE HAYVAN YETİŞTİRİCİLİĞİ

Year 2024, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 77 - 85, 31.08.2024

Afşin Kocakaya , Bengi Cınar Kul

https://doi.org/10.38137/vftd.1435396

Abstract

Teknolojik gelişmelerin sonucunda ortaya çıkan OMİK bilimleri, biyolojik sistemlerin yapı ve işlevselliğinin büyük ölçekli veriler aracılığıyla araştırılmasına ve analiz edilmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Genomik, transkriptomik, proteomik ve metabolomik bilimleri içeren omik bilimleri, hiyerarşik olarak aşağıdan yukarıya bir yaklaşım kullanarak biyolojik sistemlerin incelenmesine ve analizine olanak tanır. Genetik ve hayvan ıslahındaki ilerlemeler, genomik bilginin çeşitli seleksiyon süreçlerinde kullanılmasını kolaylaştırmıştır. Ayrıca, teknik gelişmelerin kullanılması ile çok miktarda verinin verimli bir şekilde ele alınması ve analiz edilmesi, hayvancılık işletmeleri ve çiftçilerin karşılaştıkları zorlukları yönetmelerine yardımcı olmak açısından önemlidir. Bu özel çerçeve içerisinde, kapsamlı veya karmaşık ölçüm araçlarının kullanılmasının bir sonucu olarak yeni fenotipler ortaya çıkmaktadır. Hayvan ıslahında yeni karakterlerin biyolojik kökenleri ve genetik yapısı hakkında bilgi edinmek, hayvancılığın uzun vadeli sürdürülebilirliği için önem arz etmektedir. OMİK bilimleri, yeni fenotiplere öncelik vererek ve hayvan refahıyla uyumlu sürdürülebilir yetiştirme uygulamalarını teşvik etmede önemli bir rol üstlenerek iklimde değişikliklerin meydana geldiği bu yeniçağda hayvan yetiştirmedeki zorlukları çözme kapasitesi sağlamaktadır. Bu derleme, OMİK bilimlerine ve potansiyel uygulamalarına genel bakış sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

Hassas hayvancılık, hayvan Islahı, hayvan refahı, OMİK bilimler, sürdürülebilir hayvancılık

OMIC SCIENCES IN THE NEW AGE AND ANIMAL BREEDING

Abstract

Technological developments have enabled OMIC sciences to investigate and analyze the structure and functionality of biological systems through large-scale data. Omics sciences, which include genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, enable the study and analysis of biological systems using a hierarchically bottom-up approach. Advances in genetics and animal breeding have facilitated the use of genomic information in various selection processes. Additionally, handling and analyzing large amounts of data efficiently using technical advances is essential to help livestock enterprises and farmers manage their challenges. Within this particular framework, new phenotypes emerge as a result of the use of extensive or complex measurement tools. Obtaining information about the biological origins and genetic structure of new characters in animal breeding is important for the long-term sustainability of animal breeding. OMIC sciences provide the capacity to solve the challenges of animal breeding in this new age of climate change by prioritizing new phenotypes and playing a key role in promoting sustainable breeding practices compatible with animal welfare. This review aims to provide an overview of OMICS and their potential applications.

Keywords

Animal breeding, animal welfare, OMICS, precision livestock farming (PLF), sustainible livestock farming

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