Experimental Velogenic Viscerotropic Newcastle Disease Virus Infection in Chickens Immunologically Impaired by Treatment with Cyclophosphamide

Year 2024, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 94 - 103, 30.08.2024

Simeon Okafor , John Ihedioha , John Osita Okoye

https://doi.org/10.17094/vetsci.1436625

Abstract

This study investigated whether lymphocytic depletion following chemical bursectomy influenced the severity of infection and development of lesions in chickens challenged with velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus (vvNDV). Cockerel chickens treated with cyclophosphamide on days 2, 3 and 4 post-hatch showed loss of weight, atrophy and lymphocytic depletion in the bursa of Fabricius and spleen. At 6 weeks of age, the chickens were assigned to four groups- Bursectomized intramuscularly vvNDV inoculated (BI), bursectomized uninfected (BU), non-bursectomized infected (NBI) and non-bursectomized uninfected (NBU) chickens. The BI and NBI chickens showed significant (P < .05) loss of weight than their uninfected controls. Depression, anorexia, greenish diarrhea, listlessness, tremor, and oculo-nasal discharges were observed in both infected groups, but were more severe and frequent in the NBI than in the BI chickens. Total mortalities were 100% and 95.5% for the NBI and BI chickens, respectively (P > .05). Lesions in both infected groups included atrophy of the bursa, spleen and thymus. Hemorrhages in the proventricular mucosa, intestines and cecal tonsils, as well as congestion and enlargement of the kidneys were significantly (P < .05) more severe and frequent in NBI than BI chickens. Histopathology showed necrosis and depletion of lymphocytes in the three lymphoid organs in both infected groups with more severity in the NBI than BI chickens. These results show that depletion of lymphocytes by treatment with cyclophosphamide may influence the severity of infection and development of lesions in vvNDV infection in cockerel chickens.

Keywords

Bursectomy, cockerel chickens, lymphoid organs, pathogenesis, velogenic Newcastle disease virus

Siklofosfamid Tedavisiyle Bağışıklık Sistemi Bozulmuş Erkek Civcivlerde Deneysel Velojenik Visserotropik Newcastle Hastalığı Virüsü Enfeksiyonu

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, kimyasal bursektomiyi takiben lenfositik tükenmenin, velojenik viskerotropik Newcastle hastalığı virüsü (vvNDV) ile enfekte erkek civcivlerde enfeksiyonun şiddetini ve lezyonların gelişimini etkileyip etkilemediği araştırılmıştır. Kuluçkadan sonraki 2, 3 ve 4. günlerde siklofosfamid ile tedavi edilen erkek civcivlerde kilo kaybı ve bursa Fabricius ve dalakta atrofi ve lenfositik tükenme görülmüştür. Erkek civcivler 6 haftalıkken dört gruba ayrılmıştır: Bursektomize kas içi vvNDV aşılanmış (BI), bursektomize enfekte olmamış (BU), bursektomize enfekte olmamış NBI) ve bursektomize enfekte olmamışlar (NBU). BI ve NBI erkek civcivleri, enfekte olmamış kontrollerine kıyasla önemli ölçüde (P < .05) kilo kaybı göstermiştir. Depresyon, anoreksi, yeşilimsi ishal, halsizlik, titreme ve okülo-nazal akıntılar her iki enfekte grupta da gözlenmiş, ancak (NBI'da BI erkek civcivlerine göre daha şiddetli ve sık görülmüştür. Toplam ölüm oranları NBI ve BI erkek civcivleri için sırasıyla %100 ve %95,5'tir (P > .05). Her iki enfekte gruptaki lezyonlar arasında bursa, dalak ve timus atrofisi yer almıştır. Proventriküler mukoza, bağırsaklar ve çekal tonsillerdeki kanamaların yanı sıra böbreklerdeki tıkanıklık ve genişleme NBI erkek civcivlerinde, BI erkek civcivlerine göre önemli ölçüde (P < ,05) daha şiddetli ve yaygındı. Histopatoloji, her iki enfekte grupta da üç lenfoid organda nekroz ve lenfositlerin tükendiğini, NBI'da BI erkek civcivlerine göre daha şiddetli olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu sonuçlar, siklofosfamid tedavisi ile lenfositlerin tükenmesinin, erkek civcivlerde vvNDV enfeksiyonun şiddetini ve lezyonların gelişimini etkileyebileceğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

Bursektomi, erkek civcivler, lenfoid organlar, patogenez, velojenik Newcatle hastalığı virüsü

Ethical Statement

The procedures followed in this investigation have been approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria (Approval date: 10.03.2020, Number: FVM-UNN-IACUC-0340), and care was taken to minimize the number of animals used.

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