Peynir Olgunlaşmasında Biyokimyasal Olaylar

Year 2024, Volume: 19 Issue: 3, 174 - 182, 29.12.2024

Mustafa Atasever , Halit Mazlum

https://doi.org/10.17094/vetsci.1609184

Abstract

Peynir olgunlaşması, depolama sırasında belirli koşullar altında gerçekleşen spesifik biyokimyasal değişimlerdir. Olgunlaşmadaki değişimler, farklı peynir çeşitlerinin kendine özgü özelliklerini geliştirmesine olanak tanımaktadır. Olgunlaşma süreci, birincil ve ikincil biyokimyasal olaylar tarafından şekillendirilmektedir. Bu olaylar, pıhtılaştırıcı enzimler, sütün doğal enzimleri ile starter ve starter olmayan mikrofloranın enzimleri tarafından yönlendirilmektedir. Peynir olgunlaşması sırasında meydana gelen temel biyokimyasal olaylar arasında proteoliz, lipoliz, sitrat ve laktat metabolizması bulunmaktadır. Birincil metabolik ürünler (örn., laktik asit, yağ asitleri ve amino asitler) ikincil biyokimyasal reaksiyonlarla işlenmekte ve bu süreçte alkol, aldehit, keton, asit, lakton, fenol, ester ve sülfür bileşikleri gibi uçucu bileşikler oluşmaktadır. Bu uçucu bileşikler, peynirin kalitesini belirlemede kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu süreçler, her peynir türüne özgü aroma, tat, renk, doku ve gözenek yapısı gibi ayırt edici özellikler kazandırarak tüketici tercihlerini etkilemektedir. Bu derleme, peynir olgunlaşma dönemi boyunca gerçekleşen biyokimyasal olaylara ilişkin bir bakış sunmaktadır

Keywords

Glikoliz, lipoliz, proteoliz, peynir biyokimyası, peynirde enzim aktivitesi, uçucu bileşikler

Biochemical Processes During Cheese Ripening

Abstract

Cheese ripening entails specific biochemical changes that occur under certain conditions during storage. These changes allow different cheese varieties to develop their unique characteristics. The ripening process is influenced by both primary and secondary biochemical events. These are driven by coagulating enzymes, milk's natural enzymes, and the enzymes of both starter and non-starter microflora. The main biochemical events during cheese ripening include proteolysis, lipolysis, and the metabolism of citrate and lactate. Secondary biochemical reactions then process the primary metabolic products, such as lactic acid, fatty acids, and amino acids. This leads to the formation of volatile compounds like alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, lactones, phenols, esters, and sulfur compounds, which play a crucial role in determining the cheese's quality. These processes give each cheese type its distinctive features, like aroma, taste, color, texture, and pore structure, influencing consumer preferences. This review provides insights into the biochemical events that occur during the cheese ripening period.

Keywords

Cheese biochemistry, glycolysis, lipolysis, proteolysis, enzyme activiy in cheese, volatile compounds

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