Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

BİR KADIN HATİP: DEĞERLENDİRME KURAMI-SOJOURNER TRUTH’UN “BEN KADIN DEĞİL MİYİM?” KONUŞMASI

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 43 - 64, 28.06.2025

Abstract

Bu makale, bir çerçeve olarak Değerlendirme Teorisi'ni (bundan sonra AT) (Martin ve White, 2005) kullanarak diyalojik alanı yöneten söylemin, Sojourner Truth'un ünlü "Ben Kadın Değil Miyim?" konuşmasında dilin kişilerarası boyutlarını nasıl açıkladığını analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Konuşmanın iki versiyonu, topluluklar yaratmada ve dili etkili bir şekilde kullanmada söylemin rolünü analiz etmek için veri olarak kullanılmıştır. Afro-Amerikan edebiyatına (Siebler, 2010: Campbell 1986), feminist çalışmalara (Collins, 1989; bell hooks, 1999), Afro-Amerikan Retoriğine (Gilyard, 2018; Atwater, 2009; Royster, 2000) olan akademik ilgi, konuşmasının kadın hakları, Afro-Amerikan kadınların sesi olarak ve toplumsal eşitlik açısından önemini vurgulamaktadır. Ancak Truth`un konuşması, yeni bilgi üretimi için fırsatlar yaratan söylem analizine açısından incelenmemiştir. AT'yi kullanarak bu çalışma şu sorulara cevap aramayı amaçlamaktadır: Dil, Truth'un konuşmasında kişilerarası iletişimde fikirleri/inançları nasıl işler, etkiler ve yansıtır? Bir metinde veya konuşmada kullanılan tutumsal dili nasıl belirleyebilir ve kategorize edebiliriz? Seçilen metin daha geniş bir kitleyle ve metnin işgal ettiği alanın ötesinde nasıl etkileşime girer? Çalışma, Değerlendirme teorisinin bir çerçeve olarak bu alanı doldurmak için eleştirel bir mercek sağladığını ve anlamsal söylem alanında kişilerarası anlam oluşturmanın değerlendirilmesine katkıda bulunduğunu göstermektedir.

References

  • Atwater, D. F. (2009). African American women`s rhetoric: The search for dignity, personhood, and honor. New York: Lexington Books.
  • Bazerman, C. (1990). "Discourse analysis and social construction" Annual review of Applied Linguistics, 11, 77-83.
  • Blommaert, J. (2005). Discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Campbell, K.K. (1986). “Style and content in the rhetoric of early Afro‐American feminists.” Quarterly Journal of Speech, 72, 434-445.
  • Carlacio, J.L. (2016). “Aren’t I a Woman(ist)”: The Spiritual Epistemology of Sojourner Truth.” Journal of Communication and Religion. https://doi.org/10.5840/jcr20163911
  • Collins, P. (1989). The Social Construction of Black Feminist Thought.
  • Fairclough, N. (2003). Analysing discourse: Textual analysis for social research. New York: Routledge.
  • Gilyard, K. (2018). On African American Rhetoric. New York: Routledge.
  • Hood, S. (2019). “Appraisal” In Geoff Thompson et al Eds The Cambridge Handbook of Systemic Functional Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.380- 410.
  • Hood, S. (2010). Appraising Research: Evaluation in Academic Writing. New York: Palgrave: MacMillan.
  • hooks, b. (1999). Aint I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism. Boston: South End Press.
  • Jaffe, A. et al. (2015). “Introduction: Heteroglossia, performance, power, and participation” Language in Society, 44, (2). Special Issue: Heteroglossia and performance, pp. 135-139
  • Johnstone, B. (2008). Discourse Analysis (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Julian, P.M. (2011). “Appraising through someone else`s words: The evaluative power of quotations in news reports” Discourse & Society, 22 (6) 766- 780.
  • Martin, J. R. (1992). English Text: System and Structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamin
  • Martin, J.R. (2000). “Beyond exchange: Appraisal systems in English.” In S. Hunston & G. Thompson (eds.) Evaluation in Texts: Authorial Stance and the Construction of Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 142–75.
  • Martin, J.R. and Rose, D. (2003). Working with discourse. London: Continuum.
  • Martin, J.R. and White, P.R.R. (2005). The language of evaluation: Appraisal in English. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Oddo, J. (2014). Intertextuality and the 24-Hour news cycle: A day in the rhetorical life of Colin Powell's U.N. address. East Lansing: Michigan University Press.
  • Painter, N.I (1996). Sojourner Truth: A life; a symbol. New York: W.W. Norton.
  • Royster, J.J. (2000). Traces of a stream: Literacy and social change among African American Women. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
  • Siebler, K. (2010). Far from the Truth: Teaching the Politics of Sojourner Truth's "Ain't I a Woman?". Pedagogy, 10, 511 - 533.
  • Van Dijk, T. A. (2012). Discourse and the Production of Knowledge. In: Seel, N.M. (eds) Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning. Springer, Boston, MA. pp. 1000-1006. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_753
  • Wei, Y. Wherrity, M. and Zhang, Y. (2015). "An analysis of current research on the Appraisal Theory" Linguistics and Literature Studies, 3(5) 235-239.
  • White, P.R. (2015). Appraisal Theory. John Wiley & Sons. DOI:10.1002/9781118611463.wbielsi041 Corpus ID: 140114687

A WOMAN ORATOR: APPRAISAL THEORY- SOJOURNER TRUTH’S “AIN’T I A WOMAN” SPEECH

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 43 - 64, 28.06.2025

Abstract

This paper uses Appraisal Theory (AT hereafter) (Martin & White, 2005) as a framework and aims to analyze how discourse, managing the dialogic space, accounts for the interpersonal dimensions of language in Sojourner Truth’s famous speech “Ain’t I a Woman.” Two versions of the speech are used as data to analyze the role of discourse in creating communities and using language effectively. Scholarly interest in African American literature (Siebler, 2010; Campbell 1986), Feminist studies (Collins, 1989; bell hooks, 1999), African American Rhetoric (Gilyard, 2018; Atwater, 2009; Royster, 2000) highlights the importance of her speech in women’s rights, as a voice of African American women, and for social equality. However, her speech has not been subjected to discourse analysis, in which we create new opportunities for new knowledge. Utilizing AT, this study aims seek answer to the following questions such as How does language function, influence and reflect ideas/beliefs in interpersonal communication in Truth`s speech? How can we identify and categorize the attitudinal language used in a text or speech? How does the selected text interact with a wider audience and beyond the occupied space of the text? The study demonstrates that Appraisal theory, as a critical framework, provides a critical lens to fill this space and contributes to the evaluation of interpersonal meaning-making in semantic discourse domain.

References

  • Atwater, D. F. (2009). African American women`s rhetoric: The search for dignity, personhood, and honor. New York: Lexington Books.
  • Bazerman, C. (1990). "Discourse analysis and social construction" Annual review of Applied Linguistics, 11, 77-83.
  • Blommaert, J. (2005). Discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Campbell, K.K. (1986). “Style and content in the rhetoric of early Afro‐American feminists.” Quarterly Journal of Speech, 72, 434-445.
  • Carlacio, J.L. (2016). “Aren’t I a Woman(ist)”: The Spiritual Epistemology of Sojourner Truth.” Journal of Communication and Religion. https://doi.org/10.5840/jcr20163911
  • Collins, P. (1989). The Social Construction of Black Feminist Thought.
  • Fairclough, N. (2003). Analysing discourse: Textual analysis for social research. New York: Routledge.
  • Gilyard, K. (2018). On African American Rhetoric. New York: Routledge.
  • Hood, S. (2019). “Appraisal” In Geoff Thompson et al Eds The Cambridge Handbook of Systemic Functional Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.380- 410.
  • Hood, S. (2010). Appraising Research: Evaluation in Academic Writing. New York: Palgrave: MacMillan.
  • hooks, b. (1999). Aint I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism. Boston: South End Press.
  • Jaffe, A. et al. (2015). “Introduction: Heteroglossia, performance, power, and participation” Language in Society, 44, (2). Special Issue: Heteroglossia and performance, pp. 135-139
  • Johnstone, B. (2008). Discourse Analysis (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Julian, P.M. (2011). “Appraising through someone else`s words: The evaluative power of quotations in news reports” Discourse & Society, 22 (6) 766- 780.
  • Martin, J. R. (1992). English Text: System and Structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamin
  • Martin, J.R. (2000). “Beyond exchange: Appraisal systems in English.” In S. Hunston & G. Thompson (eds.) Evaluation in Texts: Authorial Stance and the Construction of Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 142–75.
  • Martin, J.R. and Rose, D. (2003). Working with discourse. London: Continuum.
  • Martin, J.R. and White, P.R.R. (2005). The language of evaluation: Appraisal in English. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Oddo, J. (2014). Intertextuality and the 24-Hour news cycle: A day in the rhetorical life of Colin Powell's U.N. address. East Lansing: Michigan University Press.
  • Painter, N.I (1996). Sojourner Truth: A life; a symbol. New York: W.W. Norton.
  • Royster, J.J. (2000). Traces of a stream: Literacy and social change among African American Women. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
  • Siebler, K. (2010). Far from the Truth: Teaching the Politics of Sojourner Truth's "Ain't I a Woman?". Pedagogy, 10, 511 - 533.
  • Van Dijk, T. A. (2012). Discourse and the Production of Knowledge. In: Seel, N.M. (eds) Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning. Springer, Boston, MA. pp. 1000-1006. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_753
  • Wei, Y. Wherrity, M. and Zhang, Y. (2015). "An analysis of current research on the Appraisal Theory" Linguistics and Literature Studies, 3(5) 235-239.
  • White, P.R. (2015). Appraisal Theory. John Wiley & Sons. DOI:10.1002/9781118611463.wbielsi041 Corpus ID: 140114687
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects World Languages, Literature and Culture (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Hüseyin Altındiş 0000-0002-2318-3052

Publication Date June 28, 2025
Submission Date March 17, 2025
Acceptance Date May 5, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Altındiş, H. (2025). A WOMAN ORATOR: APPRAISAL THEORY- SOJOURNER TRUTH’S “AIN’T I A WOMAN” SPEECH. World Language Studies, 5(1), 43-64.