Writing Rules

Font and Page Layout:

1. Articles submitted to the journal should be 1.5 line spacing, maximum 35 A4 pages in size with references, tables and figures. The manuscript should be prepared using 11-point Times New Roman font and the language font in which the article is written. Each paragraph spacing (6 nk before and after) should be left. The number of pages of the study may exceed the upper limit with the corrections from the referees, page arrangements of the article during the publication phase, imprint, logo and similar arrangements.
2. Margins for each side of the page structure (right-left, top-bottom) should be 2.5 cm. Page numbers should be placed at the bottom right corner of the page.

Article Text:
3. The article file should consist of the title in the language in which the article is written, abstract in the language in which the article is written, English title, English abstract, keywords under the abstracts, followed by introduction, main text, conclusion, bibliography and appendices.
4. Articles written in Turkish should be based on the spelling guide and spelling rules of the Turkish Language Association (TDK). Turkish dictionaries should be used as much as possible instead of foreign words. When using unfamiliar words in Turkish, the foreign language equivalent can be given in parentheses at the first occurrence.

Title:
5. The title in the language in which the article is written and the title in English should be written in capital letters, centered, 1.5 line spacing, Times New Roman, 11 pt. and bold above the abstract sections in the language of the article and in English.

Abstract and Keywords:
6. All submitted manuscripts must include an abstract in the language of the article and in English. Keywords should be written in English and in the language of the article. Five keywords should be written in both languages. Titles of abstracts should be capitalized and centered. Abstracts in the language of the article and in English should be italicized. Keywords should be written in lower case and left justified except for proper names. Abbreviations should not be used in the abstract part of the article and this part should consist of at least 200 and at most 250 words. In addition, care should be taken to include the aim, method, findings and results of the study in the abstract.
7. Abstracts and keywords should be written in Times New Roman, 11 font size, 1.5 line spacing, italicized. Only the headings of these sections should be in bold.

Main Text and Section Headings:
8. The main text should be written in Times New Roman font, 11 pt, 1.5 line spacing and justified. The first lines of paragraphs should start 1 cm inside. The main headings and subheadings of the article should be numbered with decimal numbers such as 1., 1.1.1, 1.1.1, etc., starting from the Introduction (except References) and should be written in bold. Subdivisions should be made up to the third level (such as 1.2.4.) at most in the text, and if necessary, lower level headings should be written in italics and bold without numbering. The first relevant heading should be left-justified with its number, and subheadings related to this heading should start 1 cm inside with their numbering. Only the main headings should be capitalized and only the first letter of subheadings should be capitalized. There should be 12 spaces before and 6 spaces after the headings. There should be 6 nk space before and after each paragraph.
Tables, Figures and Graphics:
9. Tables, figures and graphs should be shown centrally on the page with consecutive numbering (Table 1, Table 2, Figure 1, Figure 2, Graph 1, Graph 2) at appropriate places in the text. A title must be given for each table, figure or graph. The title should be placed above the table, figure or graph in Times New Roman, 11 pt, bold, centered on the page. After the table, figure or graph is given with its no., the name of the table, figure or graph should be written by putting a single dot. The paragraph spacing between the table, figure or graphic title and the table should be 6 pt. Tables can also be used horizontally if needed. The text in tables, figures and graphics should be in 11-point font size. References should be given in 10 pt. under tables, figures or graphs.
10. Tables should not be included in the text as software program printouts; the author(s) should tabulate the results themselves. Tables should be arranged in A4 paper size as much as possible. Figures should not be computer software program printouts, they should be in the form of drawings or illustrations and should be arranged so as not to exceed A4 paper size.

In-text Citation:
11. Citations should be made in the text using the conjunction method in accordance with the APA (American Psychological Association) citation format. Explanatory notes should be given as footnotes at the bottom of the page in 10 pt (each footnote should also be in 10 pt).
When referring to the sources in the text, the surname of the authors, the date of publication and the page number if quoted verbatim should be indicated. For example, (Zengin, 2009)...; (Yıldırım, 2017: 182)...; (Bakhtin, 2001: 182-186).
If the surname of the author(s) is used in the sentence, it is sufficient to write only the date of publication in parentheses after the name. For example, according to Kara and Kaplan (2000)...; according to Kaplan (2007)...; Kara and Kaplan (2004)...; Zengin, Kaplan and Yıldırım (2004).
When referring to studies with two authors, the surname of both authors should be written. For example, (Kaplan and Yıldırım, 2009: 47). When studies with three to five authors are cited for the first time, the surnames of all authors should be written. For example, (Öztürk, Soylu, Kaplan, Özer, & Kara, 2002: 164-198). In subsequent references to the same source, only the surname of the first author and "et al." should be written, e.g. (Öztürk et al., 2002: 164-198). In references to studies with six or more authors, the surname of the first author should be written and the expression "et al." should be used in the first mention in the text and in subsequent references. For example, (Öztürk et al., 2005: 154-198).
If more than one work of the author(s) published in the same year is cited, symbols such as (a,b,c,..) should be written at the end of the publication year to distinguish the sources from each other. For example, (Kaplan, 2015a) or (Kaplan, 2015b: 125).
If more than one study is cited at the end of the sentence, these references should be listed in parentheses according to the publication date and a semicolon (;) should be placed between them. For example: ...(Öztürk, 2009; Kara, 2008: 25; Özer et al., 2005; Zengin, Kaplan and Yıldırım, 2003: 61).
If there is no author name, the name of the institution should be used instead of the author. For example; (DPT, 2004: 32). For internet sources, it should be indicated as (TÜBİTAK, Access Date).
Bibliography:
12. The bibliography should be in 11-point font, in alphabetical order by taking into account the surnames of the authors and should be placed at the end of the article in hanging format. The paragraph spacing between each reference should be before and after (6 pt). If more than one work of the author(s) is utilised in the same year, these works should be listed with symbols such as (a,b,c,..) next to the year of publication.

13. APA 6 Rules should be used when creating a bibliography.