en-Nihâye fi Garîbi’l-Hadîs ve’l-Eser Adlı Eserde Neseple İlgili Kelimeler (Anlambilimsel ve Leksikografik Bir İnceleme)

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 44 - 54, 20.06.2025

Semar Naasou

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Arapça sözlükbilimiyle ilgili meseleleri anlambilimsel bir açıdan ele almakta ve kelimelerin anlam gelişimi, kök anlamın merkezîliği, sesin anlamla ilişkisi ve eşanlamlılık konularını incelemektedir. Araştırmada ayrıca, Nebevî hadislerin sözlüklerde delil olarak kullanılmasına yönelik uygulamalı bir boyuta da yer verilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, İbnü’l-Esîr’in "en-Nihâye fi Garîbi’l-Hadîs ve’l-Eser" adlı eseri tercih edilmiş ve bu eserden nesep kavramıyla ilgili kelimeler örnek olarak seçilmiştir. Bu kelimeler, İbnü’l-Esîr’den önce telif edilen iki önemli sözlük olan el-Ferâhîdî’nin "el-ʿAyn"ı ve el-Cevherî’nin "es-Sıhâh"ı ile karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Amaç, sonraki dönem sözlüklerinin önceki dönemlere ne gibi katkılar sağladığını ortaya koymaktır. Her bir kelimenin etimolojik kökeni tespit edilmiş ve tarihi bağlamı içinde anlam serüveni incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma tarihsel, betimleyici ve çözümleyici bir yöntemle gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Keywords

Arap dili ve belâgati , Semantik , sözlükbilimi , garîbu’l-hadîs , nesep kavramı

Words of relation in the book 'Al-Nihayah fi Gharib al-Hadith wa Al-Athar' (A Semantic and Lexical Study)

Abstract

This study originates from the Arabic linguistic lexicon, focusing in particular on the single word as it constitutes the most fundamental level of semantic units. It aims to shed light on several issues directly related to the functioning of the Arabic linguistic dictionary, most notably semantic development of words and the differentiation between linguistic and technical meanings—especially given the limited value of traditional lexicons in addressing these areas. The research also explores the core meaning of the linguistic root, the role of sound in conveying meaning, and the issue of synonymy. Regarding core meaning—defined as the consistent realization of a single meaning across all usages derived from a particular root, a concept referred to by Ibn Jinnī as "minor derivation"—this study demonstrates the connection between the determined meaning of a studied word and the core meaning of its root. The aim is to contribute to a derivative-based dictionary of the Arabic language that may support the larger project of a historical lexicon. Concerning the role of sound in meaning, the study analyzes a group of words from the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), whose language was intended to convey and influence simultaneously. The study seeks to utilize the phonetic value in shaping meanings, out of the researcher’s belief that modern studies in phonology have lost touch with the broader linguistic question. This leads to the idea that a single word can embody aesthetic value independent of syntactic structure. Relying solely on syntax neglects the evocative power of sound in portraying the situation or meaning. Hence, the relationship between the word and the syntactic system is one of integration, not opposition, and both must be considered in linguistic study. This brings us to the stance of ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī, who rejected the attribution of beauty to a single word, instead linking it to the syntactic relations and grammatical considerations. However, this study demonstrates that the beauty of a word lies in its precision in conveying meaning and expressing the speaker’s mind and soul, such that substituting it with another word would compromise the communicative intent. The discussion on the aesthetic dimension of the word and its suggestive power naturally leads to the issue of synonymy. The study supports the scholarly view that rejects the concept of “absolute synonymy,” a view increasingly endorsed in contemporary linguistic studies as a means to avoid ambiguity and clarify concepts. Synonymy is only applicable in cases of general meaning, when the intent is to summarize content and ideas. However, for precise expression and accurate communication, the speaker must consider the subtle differences in word meanings. This is a central concern of the study. The research also highlights the use of Hadith as linguistic evidence in the dictionary, particularly how Prophetic sayings—especially those containing rare or obscure vocabulary—have enriched the Arabic lexicon with a wealth of linguistic material. In an effort to engage with the early Islamic environment—represented by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), his companions, and their successors—through the lens of language, the study focuses on kinship and social relation terms during a transitional phase in Arab life and the Arabic language. The field of study chosen is *Gharīb al-Ḥadīth* (rare or unusual words in Hadith) due to its rich reflection of social life and because works on *Gharīb al-Ḥadīth* have become foundational elements in the Arabic lexicon. The scope of this study is limited to one such work, *Al-Nihāyah fī Gharīb al-Ḥadīth wa al-Athar* by Ibn al-Athīr, as it is considered a comprehensive reference in its field, encompassing much of what appeared in earlier works on rare Hadith vocabulary. The research focuses on extracting kinship-related vocabulary from the text and conducting a semantic and analytical study of these words to arrive at their precise meanings based on the contexts in which they appear. The methodology adopted is historical, utilizing both descriptive and analytical approaches. Kinship terms will be examined by presenting the words—after documenting Ibn al-Athīr’s explanations—and comparing them with two earlier dictionaries: *Kitāb al-ʿAyn* by Al-Farāhīdī and *Tāj al-Lugha wa Ṣiḥāḥ al-ʿArabiyya* by Al-Jawharī .These two dictionaries represent the development of Arabic lexicography before Ibn al-Athīr’s time. The aim is to trace the evolution of Arabic dictionaries and highlight the contributions of later scholars. The study of each term will include clarification of its linguistic root and the exploration of its historical semantic life based on available sources.

Keywords

Arabic language and its rhetoric , semantics , lexicon , rare Hadith terminology , kinship terms

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