TÜRKİYE’DE COVID-19 PANDEMİSİNİN KAMUSAL ve ÖZEL ALAN ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ

Abstract

COVID-19, ekonomik sosyolojik ve psikolojik etkileri ile tüm dünyayı saran bir pandemi ortamı oluşturmuştur. Hükümetler tarafından yapılan yasal düzenlemelerle ekonomik etkiler hafifletilmeye çalışılsa da pandemi nedeniyle alınan tedbirler ve ortaya çıkan sağlık sorunları, bireylerin pandeminin olumsuz etkilerini derinden hissetmesine neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de COVID-19 pandemisinin ortaya çıkardığı olumsuzlukların ve pandemi tedbirlerinin kamusal ve özel alan üzerindeki etkileri tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. 506 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilen anket çalışmasının ki-kare analiz sonuçlarına göre, istihdam durumu, sektör, çalışma süresi ve sosyal güvenlik kurumuna kayıtlı olma gibi işgücü piyasasına ilişkin değişkenlerin katılımcıların pandeminin yarattığı ekonomik sıkıntılardan etkilenme düzeyi ve bu süreçte yasal düzenlemelerden yararlanma imkânı üzerinde etkileri bulunmaktadır. Çalışmanın bir diğer önemli bulgusu ise evden çalışma imkânına sahip ve 2/3’ü kadın olan katılımcıların, uzaktan eğitime geçiş ile ev içi iş yükünün de artmış olmasıdır.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• Çalışma hayatı
• Uzaktan eğitim
• Evden çalışma
• Yasal düzenlemeler

EFFECTS OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SPHERE IN TURKEY

Abstract

COVID-19 has created a pandemic environment that surrounds the whole world with its economic, sociological and psychological effects. Although the economic effects have been tried to be mitigated by the legal regulations made by the governments, the measures taken due to the pandemic and the health problems that have arisen have caused the individuals to feel the negative effects of the pandemic deeply. In this study, it has been tried to determine the effects of the pandemic measures and the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the public and private spheres in Turkey. According to the results of the chi-square analysis of the survey conducted with 506 participants, variables related to the labor market such as employment status, sector, working hours and being registered with the social security institution have effects on the level of being affected by the economic difficulties caused by the pandemic and the opportunity to benefit from legal regulations in this process of the participants. Another important finding of the study is that the domestic workload of the participants, who have the opportunity to work from home and 2/3 of whom are women, has increased due to the online education.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• Work life
• Online education
• Working from home
• Legal regulations

References

1. Akyıldız, Ş. (2020) “How Has COVID-19 Affected Turkey's Labor Market?”, Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey, Evaluation Note No: 202029, https://www.tepav.org.tr/upload/mce/2020/notlar/how_has_covid19_affected_turkeys_labor_market.docx.pdf (21.06.2021).
2. Balcı, Y. ve Çetin, G. (2020) “COVID-19 Pandemisinin Türkiye Ekonomisinde İstihdam ve Çalışma Hayatı Üzerindeki Etkileri: Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri”, https://www.ticaret.edu.tr/uploads/haberler/1374/%C4%B0stihdam%20Raporu.pdf (23.07.2021).
3. Blundell, R., Costa Dias, M., Joyce, R. ve Xu, X. (2020) “COVID‐19 and Inequalities”, Fiscal Studies, 41(2): 291-319. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-5890.12232
4. Del Boca, D., Oggero, N., Profeta, P. ve Rossi, M. (2020) “Women’s and Men’s Work, Housework and Childcare, Before and During COVID-19”, Review of Economics of the Household, 18(4): 1001-1017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-020-09502-1
5. Erikson, R. ve Goldthorpe, J. H. (1992) “The Constant Flux”, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
6. Farré, L., Fawaz, Y., González, L. ve Graves, J. (2020) “How the COVID-19 Lockdown Affected Gender Inequality in Paid and Unpaid Work in Spain”, IZA Discussion Paper No. 13434. https://covid-19.iza.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/How-the-covid-19-lockdown-affected-gender-inequality-in-paid-and-unpaid-work-in-Spain.pdf (30.06.2021).
7. ILO (2020) “ILO Brief on Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Gender Relevance of the 19th ICLS Statistical Standard”, Geneva, International Labour Organization. https://ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/publications/WCMS_757969/lang--en/index.htm (14.07.2021).
8. International Monetary Fund (2020) “World Economic Outlook: The Great Lockdown”, Washington, DC. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/04/14/weo-april-2020 (08.07.2021).

9. Keogh-Brown, M. R., Jensen, H. T., Edmunds, W. J. ve Smith, R. D. (2020) “The Impact of Covid-19, Associated Behaviours and Policies on the UK Economy: A Computable General Equilibrium Model”, SSM-Population Health, 12: 100651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100651
10. Kipnis, H. ve Rana, A. N. (2020) “COVID-19 and Gender Equality: Six Actions for the Private Sector”, Washington, International Finance Corporation.
11. Manzo, L. K. C. ve Minello, A. (2020) “Mothers, Childcare Duties, and Remote Working Under COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy: Cultivating Communities of Care”, Dialogues in Human Geography, 10(2): 120-123. https://doi.org/10.1177/2043820620934268
12. O'Reilly, A. (2020) ““Trying to Function in the Unfunctionable”: Mothers and COVID-19”, Journal of the Motherhood Initiative for Research and Community Involvement, 11(1): 7-24.
13. Ross, J. ve Taylor, K. (Ed.) (2020) “The Impact of COVID-19 on Women’s and Men’s Lives and Livelihoods in Europe and Central Asia: Preliminary Results From a Rapid Gender Assessment”, UN Women Series: Women at the Forefront of COVID-19 Response in Europe and Central Asia. https://data.unwomen.org/publications/impact-covid-19-womens-and-mens-lives-and-livelihoods-europe-and-central-asia (18.07.2021).
14. Trougakos, J. P., Chawla, N. ve McCarthy, J. M. (2020) “Working in a Pandemic: Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 Health Anxiety on Work, Family, and Health Outcomes”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(11): 1234-1245. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000739
15. Zeybekoğlu Akbaş, Ö. ve Dursun, C. (2020) “Koronavirüs (COVID-19) Pandemisi Sürecinde Özel Alanına Kamusal Alanı Sığdıran Çalışan Anneler”, Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(5): 78-94.