VARIETIES OF CAPITALISM IN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: THE CASE OF TURKEY AS A HIERARCHICAL MARKET ECONOMY

Year 2026, Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 22 - 45, 21.03.2026

Hasan Bakır

https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1627834

https://izlik.org/JA56NE99ZL

Abstract

Kapitalizmin çeşitleri ile ilgili literatüre birçok eleştiri yöneltilmiştir. Yapılan bu eleştiriler ilgili literatür incelenirken, devlet müdahalesi, iş dünyası-devlet ilişkisi gibi faktörlerin dikkate alınmasına sebep olmuştur. Bu bağlamda Liberal ve Eşgüdümlü Piyasa ekonomilerinin yanı sıra, Bağımlı, Karma ve Hiyerarşik Piyasa Ekonomileri de tartışılmıştır. Bu makalenin amacı da kapitalimin çeşitlerine ilişkin tartışmaları geliştirmek ve kapitalizmin çeşitleri sınıflandırmasında konumu belirsiz olarak tanımlanan Türkiye’nin yerini ilgili literatür bağlamında tespit etmektir. Yapılan inceleme sonucunda elde edilen sonuçlar, Türkiye’nin Hiyerarşik Piyasa Ekonomisi özelliklerine sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda Türkiye’de aile işletmelerinde, endüstri ilişkilerinde, devletin rolünde, eğitimde ve çok uluslu şirketlerin etkisinde Hiyerarşik Piyasa Ekonomisi’nin karakteristik özelliklerini gözlemlemek mümkündür.

Keywords

Kapitalizmin Çeşitleri , Hiyerarşik Piyasa Ekonomisi , Politik İktisat , Aile İşletmeleri , Çok Uluslu İşletmeler

Ethical Statement

Yazar çıkar çatışması bildirmemiştir.

Supporting Institution

Yazar bu çalışma için finansal destek almadığını beyan etmiştir.

Thanks

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VARIETIES OF CAPITALISM IN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: THE CASE OF TURKEY AS A HIERARCHICAL MARKET ECONOMY

https://izlik.org/JA56NE99ZL

Abstract

There has been much criticism of the literature related to the main types of varieties of capitalism. These criticisms have caused factors such as state intervention and business-state relation to be taken into account when analyzing the literature. In this context, in addition to Liberal and Coordinated Market Economies, there has also been discussion of Dependent, Mixed, and Hierarchical Market Economies. The aim of this article was to develop the discussions on the varieties of capitalism and to determine the place of Turkey, the position of which has been defined as uncertain in the varieties of capitalism classification. The results obtained from this analysis show that Turkey has the characteristics of a Hierarchical Market Economy. It is possible to observe the characteristics of Hierarchical Market Economy in family businesses, industrial relations, the role of the state, education and the impact of multinational companies in Turkey.

Keywords

Varieties of Capitalism , Hierarchical Market Economy , Political Economy , Family Businesses , Multinational Companies

Ethical Statement

The author has no conflict of interest to declare.

Supporting Institution

The author declared that this study has received no financial support.

Thanks

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