DOĞRUDAN YABANCI SERMAYE YATIRIMLARININ ÇEVRE KİRLİLİĞİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Abstract

Bu çalışma doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının çevresel kalite üzerindeki etkisini 102 ülke için 2000-2015 yıllık dönemler doğrultusunda araştırmaktadır. Dünya Bankası ülke sınıflandırmasından hareket edilerek dört farklı ülke grubu (düşük, düşük-orta, üst-orta ve yüksek gelirli ülkeler) için üç farklı kirlilik göstergesi (karbon dioksit, nitrojen dioksit ve toplam sera gazı) analizlere dahil edilmiştir. Test yöntemi olarak dinamik panel veri analizi olan ve Arellona & Bond (1991) tarafından geliştirilen Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Metoduna yer verilmiştir. Çalışmada temel olarak doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının çevre kirliliğini artırması anlamına gelen “kirlilik sığınağı (cenneti) hipotezi” ile azaltması anlamına gelen “kirlilik hale hipotezlerinin” araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular düşük gelirli ülkeler için kirlilik sığınağı (cenneti) hipotezinin; düşük-orta, üst-orta ve yüksek gelir grubu ülkeler için ise kirlilik hale hipotezinin geçerli olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

• Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları,Çevre Kirliliği,Kirlilik Sığınağı Hipotezi,Kirlilik Hale Hipotezi,Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Metodu

THE EFFECT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of foreign direct investment on environmental quality for 102 countries over the period of 2000-2015. Based on the World Bank country classification, three different pollution indicators (carbon dioxide-CO₂, nitrogen dioxide-NO₂and total greenhouse gas-GGAS) were included in the analysis for four groups of countries (low, low-middle income, upper-middle income and high income). Generalized Moments Method developed by Arellona & Bond (1991) was applied. In the study, it is aimed to investigate two important theorical approaches: (i) “pollution haven hypothesis”, which means that foreign direct investment increases environmental pollution. (ii) “pollution halo hypothesis” which means that foreign direct investment has a benefical effect on environmental quality. Findings from the study show that pollution haven hypothesis is valid for low income countries, while pollution halo hypothesis is valid for low-middle income, upper-middle income and high income countries

Keywords

• Foreign Direct Investment,Environmental Pollution,Pollution Haven Hypothesis,Pollution Halo Hypothesis,Generalized Moments Method

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