THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CO2 EMISSIONS AND GDP IN FRAGILE FIVE COUNTRIES: PANEL BOOTSTRAP CAUSALITY ANALYSIS

Year 2019, Volume: 17 Issue: 3, 374 - 388, 30.09.2019

Mustafa Özçağ

Abstract

Global warming and climate change in recent years is one of the much-discussed environmental problems. The main reason of this important environmental problem is athropogenic greenhouse gases emissions from human activities. Within greenhouse gas emissions, CO2 emissions takes big share. In this context, aim of the study is to examine the relationships between carbon dioxide emissions and gross domestic product variables in the fragile five (Brazil, Indonesia, South Africa, India, Turkey). The study covers the years 1970-2016. Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality Test were used to examine the relationships between variables. The causality test results show that there is a unidirectional causality relationship from gdp per capita to CO2 per capita in Brazil and Indonesia. At the same time there is a unidirectional causality relationship from CO2 per capita to gdpp per capita in South Africa and Turkey. Finally, there is a bidirectional causality relationship between gdp per capita and CO2 emissions per capita in India.

Keywords

Fragile Five, CO2, GDP, Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality Test

KIRILGAN BEŞLİ ÜLKELERİNDE CO2 EMİSYONU VE GSYİH İLİŞKİLERİ: PANEL BOOTSTRAP NEDENSELLİK ANALİZİ

Abstract

Küresel ısınma ve iklim
değişikliği son yıllarda çok tartışılan çevresel problemlerin başında
gelmektedir. Bu önemli çevresel sorununun temel nedeni insan kaynaklı seragazı
emisyonlarıdır. Seragazları içinde en büyük payı ise karbondioksit emisyonu
almaktadır. Bu çerçevede çalışmanın amacı, Kırılgan Beşli ülkelerinde
(Brezilya, Endonezya, Güney Afrika, Hindistan, Türkiye) karbondioksit emisyonu
ile gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektir.
Çalışmanın dönemi 1970-2016 yıllarını kapsamaktadır. Değişkenler arasındaki
ilişkileri incelemek için Bootstrap Panel Granger Nedensellik Testi
kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, Brezilya ve Endonezya’da kişi
başına düşen gayri safi yurtiçi hasıladan kişi başına karbondioksit emisyonuna
doğru, Güney Afrika ve Türkiye’de ise kişi başına karbondioksit emisyonundan
kişi başına gayri safi yurtiçi hasılaya doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkileri
bulunmaktadır. Hindistan’da ise söz konusu değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik
ilişkisi çift yönlüdür.

Keywords

Kırılgan Beşli, CO2, GSYİH

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