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EKONOMİK VE POLİTİK BELİRSİZLİKLERİN YUNANİSTAN’DAKİ GENÇ İŞSİZLİĞE ETKİLERİ: AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ

Year 2020, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 128 - 148, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.677212

Abstract

Bu çalışmada; ekonomik ve politik belirsizliklerin Yunanistan’daki genç işsizlik oranı üzerindeki etkileri, 1998:Q1-2019:Q2 dönemi için 10 farklı belirsizlik endeksi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda; Yunanistan ekonomisinde, genç işsizlik oranı ile ekonomik ve siyasi belirsizlikler arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişkinin varlığı tespit edilmiş ve bu bağlamda, ekonomi politikalarında görülen belirsizlikteki artışların Yunanistan’daki genç işsizliği en fazla artıran faktör olduğu belirlenmiştir. Uzun dönem analizinde, Yunanistan’daki ekonomik büyüme artışlarının genç işsizliğini önemli ölçüde azalttığı, dolayısıyla da bu ekonomide Okun Yasasının geçerli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kısa dönem analizinde ise genç işsizliği, ekonomik büyümenin kısa dönemde de azalttığı, faiz oranlarının artırdığı, ancak, bu etkilerin uzun dönemdekilerden daha düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara dayanarak; Yunanistan’da genç işsizlik oranının düşürülebilmesi için ekonomik ve siyasal belirsizliklerin azaltılmasının şart olduğu, bunun, ayrıca, güçlü ekonomik büyüme, düşük faiz oranları ve genişletici para ve maliye politikaları ile desteklenmesinin gerekli olduğu ifade edilebilir.

References

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  • AA. (2019) ‘’Fransa’da sarı yeleklilerin eylemleri 7. ayını doldurdu’’ https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/fransada-sari-yeleklilerin-eylemleri-7-ayini-doldurdu/1506240, (10.12.2019)
  • Akçay, B. (2012) ‘’Yunanistan Ekonomisinde Devlet Borç Krizi-Cari Açık İlişkisi’’, Maliye Dergisi, 63, 15-35.
  • Asteriou, D. ve Price, S. (2001) ‘’Political Instability and Economic Growth: UK Time Series Evidence’’, Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 48(4), 383-399.
  • Ayhan, F. (2016a) ‘’Genç İşsizliğin Sebepleri, Sonuçları ve Önlemeye İlişkin Politika Önerileri’’, Sosyal Güvenlik Dünyası, 97, 8-21.
  • Ayhan, F. (2016b) ‘’Youth Unemployment As A Growing Global Threat’’, Actual Problems of Economics, 7(181), 262-269.
  • Bachmann, R., Elstner, S. ve Sims, E.R. (2013) ‘’Uncertainty and Economic Activity: Evidence from Business Survey Data’’, NBER Working Paper, No. 16143.
  • Bai, J. ve Perron, P. (2003) ‘’Critical Values for Multiple Structural Change Tests’’, Econometrics Journal, (1), 1-7.
  • Baker, S. R., Bloom, N. ve Davis, S. J. (2013) ‘’Measuring Economic Policy Uncertainty’’, Stanford University Centre for Economic Performance, CEPR, 1-55. Working Paper, http://www.policyuncertainty.com/media/EPU_BBD_2013.pdf.
  • Barro, J.R. (1991) ‘’Economic Growth in A Cross Section of Countries’’, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 407-443.
  • Benati, L. (2013) ‘’Economic policy uncertainty and the great recession’’, University of Bern mimeo Cerca con, http://www.policyuncertainty.com/ media/Uncertainty_Benati.pdf, (09.10.2019).
  • Bingöl, U. (2019) ‘’Türk İşgücü Piyasasında Genç İşsizliği İle Mücadele Konseptinin Onbirinci Kalkınma Planı, Eğitim 2023 Vizyonu Ve Ulusal İstihdam Stratejisi Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi’’, İşgücü Piyasasında Dezavantajlı Gruplar, Türk-İş 23.Olağan Genel Kurulu, TAEM, 143-165.
  • Brunetti, A. ve Weder, B. (1995) ‘’Political Sources of Growth: A Critical Note on Measurement’’, Public Choice, 82 (1/1), 125-134.
  • Brunetti, A., Kisunko, G. ve Weder, B. (1997) ‘’Credibility of Rules and Economic Growth: Evidence from a Worldwide Survey of The Private Sector’’, The World Bank Economic Review, 12(3), 1-14.
  • Caggiano, G., Castelnuovo, E. ve Groshenny, N. (2014) ‘’Uncertainty Shocks and Unemployment Dynamics: An Analysis of Post-WWII U.S. Recessions’’, Journal of Monetary Economics, 67, 78-92.
  • Caggiano, G., Castelnuovo, E. ve Figueres, J. M. (2017) ‘’Economic policy uncertainty and unemployment in the United States: A nonlinear approach’’, Economics Letters, 151, 31-34.
  • Campos, N.F. ve Nugent, J.B. (2002) “Who is Afraid of Political Instability?”, Journal of Development Economics, 67, 157-172.
  • Campos, N.F., Karanasos, M.G. ve Tan, B. (2012) ‘’Two to Tangle: Financial Development, Political Instability and Economic Growth in Argentina’’, Journal of Banking and Finance, 36(1), 290-304.
  • Capistrán, C. ve Ramos-Francia, M. (2009) ‘’Inflation Dynamics in Latin America’’, Contemporary Economic Policy, 27(3), 349-362.
  • Coenjaerts, C., Ernst, ,. C., Fortuny, M., Rei, D. ve Pilgrim, M. (2009). “Youth Employment”, OECD.
  • Eichhorst, W. ve Rinne, U. (2014) ‘’Promoting Youth Employment Through Activation Strategies’’, ILO, Employment Working Paper, No: 163.
  • Engle, R.F. ve Granger, C.W.J. (1987) ‘’Cointegration and Error-Correction: Representation, Estimation and Testing’’, Econometrica, 66, 251-276.
  • Euronews (2019) ‘’IMF: Arap ülkelerindeki protestoların temel nedeni işsizlik ve kötü ekonomi’’, https://tr.euronews.com/amp/2019/10/28/imf-arap-ulkelerindeki-protestoların-temel-nedeni-issizlik-ve-kotu-ekonomi, (11.12.2019)
  • EC (2010) ‘’The Economic Adjustment Programme for Greece. European Economy’’, European Commission (EC), Occasional Papers, No:61, May.
  • Eurostat (2010) ‘’European Economic Statistics’’, http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa. eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-GK-10-001/EN/KS-GK-10-001-EN.PDF, (19.11.2019)
  • Ferrara, L. ve Guérin, P. (2016) ‘’What are the macroeconomic effects of high-frequency uncertainty shocks’’, Bank of Canada Staff Working Paper, No: 2016-25 . Görlich, D., Stepanok, I. ve Al-Hussami, F. (2013), Youth Unemployment in Europe And The World : Causes, Consequences and Solutions, Kiel Policy Brief No:59, 1-ll.
  • Göçer, İ. (2015) ‘’Okun Yasası: Türkiye Üzerine Bir Uygulama’’, Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(1), 1-12.
  • Granger, C.W.J. ve Newbold, P. (1974) ‘’Spurious regressions in Economics’’, Journal of Econometrics, 4, 111-120.
  • Hardouvelis, G., Karalas, G., Karanastasis, D. ve Samartzis, P. (2019) ‘’Uncertainty Indices for Greece’’, http://hardouvelis.gr/hkks-uncertainty-indices-for-greece/, (06.12.2019) ILO (2003) ‘’Active Labour Market Policies’’, Geneva, ILO.
  • Istrefi, K. ve Piloju, A. (2015) ‘’Economic Policy Uncertainty and Inflation Expectations’’, Society for Economic Measurement Annual Conference, Paper No: 39. http://repository.cmu.edu/sem_conf/2015/ full_schedule/39, (04.11.2019)
  • Jurado, K., Ludvigson, S. C. ve Ng, S. (2015) ‘’Measuring Uncertainty’’, American Economic Review, 105(3): 1177- 1216.
  • Kapetanios, G. (2005) ‘’Unit-Root Testing Against The Alternative Hypothesis of up to Structural Breaks’’, Journal of Time Series Analysis, 26(1), 123-133.
  • Kawaquchi D. Ve Murao, T. (2014) "Labor Market Institutions and Long-Term Effects of Youth Unemployment", Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 46(2), 95-116.
  • Karacan, R. (2018) ‘’Phillips Eğrisi Yaklaşımı ile Türkiye’de Enflasyon ve İşsizlik Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi’’, Social Mentality and Researcher Thinkers Journal, 4(10), 242-249.
  • Lee, S. (2015), Macroeconomic Uncertainty and Its Impact on Economic Activity: Investigating Two Different Measures. 1-27, http://www.revecap.com/encuentros/trabajos/l/pdf/182.pdf, 12.12.2019).
  • Levine, R. ve Renelt, D. (1992) ‘’A Sensitivity Analysis of Cross-Country Growth Regressions’’, The American Economic Review, 82(4), 942-963.
  • Londregan, J.B. ve Poole, K.T. (1990) ‘’Poverty, The Coup Trap and The Seizure of Executive Power’’, World Politics, 42(2), 151-183.
  • Lovato, C. (2013) ‘’On the impact of economic policy uncertainty shocks on macroeconomic expectations in the United States’’, Anno Accademico, 2012/13.
  • Martin, I.S. (1997) ‘’I Just Ran Two Million Regression’’, The American Economic Review, 87(2), 178-183.
  • Mauro, P. (1995) ‘’Corruption and Growth’’, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110 (3), 681-712.
  • OECD Data (2019a) ‘’Youth unemployment rate’’, https://data.oecd.org/unemp/youth-unemployment-rate.htm#indicator-chart, (12.12.2019).
  • OECD Data (2019b) ‘’Unemployment rate’’. https://data.oecd.org/unemp/unemployment-rate.htm. (19.12.2019)
  • OECD Data (2019c) ‘’Household debt’’, https://data.oecd.org/hha/household-debt.htm. (12.12.2019)
  • OECD Data (2019d) ‘’Gross domestic product’’, https://data.oecd.org/gdp/gross-domestic-product-gdp.htm, (19.12.2019).
  • O'Higgins, N. (2001) ‘’Youth Unemployment and Employment Policy: A Global Perspective, MPRA Paper 23698, University Library of Munich.
  • O'Higgins, N. (2004) "Recent Trends in Youth Labour Markets and Youth Employment Policy in Europe and Central Asia’’, Universita degli Studi di Salerno Centro di Economia del Lavoro e di Politica Economica Discussion Paper 85, Ottobre,
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y. ve Smith, R. J. (2001) ‘’Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of Level Relationships’’, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 226-339.
  • Rice, A., Vehbi, T. ve Wong, B. (2018) ‘’Measuring uncertainty and its impact on the New Zealand economy’’. Reserve Bank of New Zealand Analytical Note Series, No: AN2018/01, 1-19, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org, 26.12.2019.
  • Rossi, B. ve Sekhposyan, T. (2015) ‘’Macroeconomic Uncertainty Indices Based on Nowcast and Forecast Error Distributions’’, American Economic Review, 105(5): 650-655.
  • Sakamoto, T. (2005) ‘’Economic Performance of Weak Governments and Their Interaction With Central Banks And Labor: Deficits, Economic Growth, Unemployment and Inflation, 1961-1998’’, European Journal of Political Research, 44(6), 801-836.
  • Scotti, C. (2013) ‘’Surprise and Uncertainty Indexes: Real-Time Aggregation of Real-Activity Macro Surprises’’, Mimeo.
  • Sorić, P. ve Lolić, I. (2017) ‘’Economic uncertainty and its impact on the Croatian economy’’, Public Sector Economics, 41:4, 443-477.
  • Tarı, R. (2012) ‘’Ekonometri’’, Umuttepe Yayınları, 8. Basım, Kocaeli.
  • TCKB (2016) ‘’Dünya Ekonomisindeki Son Gelişmeler Bülteni’’, T.C. Kalkınma Bakanlığı, Ekonomik Modeller ve Stratejik Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü Küresel Ekonomik Gelişmeleri İzleme Değerlendirme Dairesi.
  • Wongi, K. (2016) ‘’Economic Policy Uncertainty and Its Implication on Economic Recovery A Case Study of Korea’’, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy.
  • Yalçınkaya, Ö. (2019). Effects of Global Economic, Political and Geopolitical Uncertainties on Economic Conjuncture: An MS-VAR Analysis on Turkish Economy. Journal of Current Researches on Social Sciences, 9 (2), 169-186.
  • Yıldırım, K., Karaman, D. ve Taşdemir, S. (2016) ‘’Makroekonomi’’, 13. Baskı, Seçkin Yayınevi, Ankara.

IMPACTS OF ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL UNCERTAINTIES ON YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT IN GREECE: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

Year 2020, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 128 - 148, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.677212

Abstract

In this study; the effects of economic and political uncertainties on the youth unemployment rate in Greece are analyzed using 10 different uncertainty indices for the period of 1998:Q1-2019:Q2. After the analysis; existence of a long-term relationship between the youth unemployment rate and economic and political uncertainties is determined in the Greek economy and in this context, the increase in the uncertainty seen in economic policies is found to be the factor most increasing the youth unemployment in Greece. In the long-term analysis, it is estimated that the increases in economic growth in Greece significantly reduces the youth unemployment and therefore the Okun’s Law is valid in this economy. In the short-term analysis, it is found that economic growth decreases youth unemployment in the short term and interest rates raises it, but these effects are lower than those in the long run.
Based on the findings obtained from the study; in order to reduce the youth unemployment rate in Greece, it can be stated that economic and political uncertainties have to be reduced and this should be supported by strong economic growth, low interest rates and expansionary monetary and fiscal policies.

References

  • AA. (2014) ‘’Bosna Hersek’te protestolar ülke geneline yayılıyor’’ https: //www.aa.com.tr/tr/dünya/bosna-hersekte-protestolar-ulke-geneline-yayiliyor/184453, (09.12.2019)
  • AA. (2019) ‘’Fransa’da sarı yeleklilerin eylemleri 7. ayını doldurdu’’ https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/fransada-sari-yeleklilerin-eylemleri-7-ayini-doldurdu/1506240, (10.12.2019)
  • Akçay, B. (2012) ‘’Yunanistan Ekonomisinde Devlet Borç Krizi-Cari Açık İlişkisi’’, Maliye Dergisi, 63, 15-35.
  • Asteriou, D. ve Price, S. (2001) ‘’Political Instability and Economic Growth: UK Time Series Evidence’’, Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 48(4), 383-399.
  • Ayhan, F. (2016a) ‘’Genç İşsizliğin Sebepleri, Sonuçları ve Önlemeye İlişkin Politika Önerileri’’, Sosyal Güvenlik Dünyası, 97, 8-21.
  • Ayhan, F. (2016b) ‘’Youth Unemployment As A Growing Global Threat’’, Actual Problems of Economics, 7(181), 262-269.
  • Bachmann, R., Elstner, S. ve Sims, E.R. (2013) ‘’Uncertainty and Economic Activity: Evidence from Business Survey Data’’, NBER Working Paper, No. 16143.
  • Bai, J. ve Perron, P. (2003) ‘’Critical Values for Multiple Structural Change Tests’’, Econometrics Journal, (1), 1-7.
  • Baker, S. R., Bloom, N. ve Davis, S. J. (2013) ‘’Measuring Economic Policy Uncertainty’’, Stanford University Centre for Economic Performance, CEPR, 1-55. Working Paper, http://www.policyuncertainty.com/media/EPU_BBD_2013.pdf.
  • Barro, J.R. (1991) ‘’Economic Growth in A Cross Section of Countries’’, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 407-443.
  • Benati, L. (2013) ‘’Economic policy uncertainty and the great recession’’, University of Bern mimeo Cerca con, http://www.policyuncertainty.com/ media/Uncertainty_Benati.pdf, (09.10.2019).
  • Bingöl, U. (2019) ‘’Türk İşgücü Piyasasında Genç İşsizliği İle Mücadele Konseptinin Onbirinci Kalkınma Planı, Eğitim 2023 Vizyonu Ve Ulusal İstihdam Stratejisi Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi’’, İşgücü Piyasasında Dezavantajlı Gruplar, Türk-İş 23.Olağan Genel Kurulu, TAEM, 143-165.
  • Brunetti, A. ve Weder, B. (1995) ‘’Political Sources of Growth: A Critical Note on Measurement’’, Public Choice, 82 (1/1), 125-134.
  • Brunetti, A., Kisunko, G. ve Weder, B. (1997) ‘’Credibility of Rules and Economic Growth: Evidence from a Worldwide Survey of The Private Sector’’, The World Bank Economic Review, 12(3), 1-14.
  • Caggiano, G., Castelnuovo, E. ve Groshenny, N. (2014) ‘’Uncertainty Shocks and Unemployment Dynamics: An Analysis of Post-WWII U.S. Recessions’’, Journal of Monetary Economics, 67, 78-92.
  • Caggiano, G., Castelnuovo, E. ve Figueres, J. M. (2017) ‘’Economic policy uncertainty and unemployment in the United States: A nonlinear approach’’, Economics Letters, 151, 31-34.
  • Campos, N.F. ve Nugent, J.B. (2002) “Who is Afraid of Political Instability?”, Journal of Development Economics, 67, 157-172.
  • Campos, N.F., Karanasos, M.G. ve Tan, B. (2012) ‘’Two to Tangle: Financial Development, Political Instability and Economic Growth in Argentina’’, Journal of Banking and Finance, 36(1), 290-304.
  • Capistrán, C. ve Ramos-Francia, M. (2009) ‘’Inflation Dynamics in Latin America’’, Contemporary Economic Policy, 27(3), 349-362.
  • Coenjaerts, C., Ernst, ,. C., Fortuny, M., Rei, D. ve Pilgrim, M. (2009). “Youth Employment”, OECD.
  • Eichhorst, W. ve Rinne, U. (2014) ‘’Promoting Youth Employment Through Activation Strategies’’, ILO, Employment Working Paper, No: 163.
  • Engle, R.F. ve Granger, C.W.J. (1987) ‘’Cointegration and Error-Correction: Representation, Estimation and Testing’’, Econometrica, 66, 251-276.
  • Euronews (2019) ‘’IMF: Arap ülkelerindeki protestoların temel nedeni işsizlik ve kötü ekonomi’’, https://tr.euronews.com/amp/2019/10/28/imf-arap-ulkelerindeki-protestoların-temel-nedeni-issizlik-ve-kotu-ekonomi, (11.12.2019)
  • EC (2010) ‘’The Economic Adjustment Programme for Greece. European Economy’’, European Commission (EC), Occasional Papers, No:61, May.
  • Eurostat (2010) ‘’European Economic Statistics’’, http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa. eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-GK-10-001/EN/KS-GK-10-001-EN.PDF, (19.11.2019)
  • Ferrara, L. ve Guérin, P. (2016) ‘’What are the macroeconomic effects of high-frequency uncertainty shocks’’, Bank of Canada Staff Working Paper, No: 2016-25 . Görlich, D., Stepanok, I. ve Al-Hussami, F. (2013), Youth Unemployment in Europe And The World : Causes, Consequences and Solutions, Kiel Policy Brief No:59, 1-ll.
  • Göçer, İ. (2015) ‘’Okun Yasası: Türkiye Üzerine Bir Uygulama’’, Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(1), 1-12.
  • Granger, C.W.J. ve Newbold, P. (1974) ‘’Spurious regressions in Economics’’, Journal of Econometrics, 4, 111-120.
  • Hardouvelis, G., Karalas, G., Karanastasis, D. ve Samartzis, P. (2019) ‘’Uncertainty Indices for Greece’’, http://hardouvelis.gr/hkks-uncertainty-indices-for-greece/, (06.12.2019) ILO (2003) ‘’Active Labour Market Policies’’, Geneva, ILO.
  • Istrefi, K. ve Piloju, A. (2015) ‘’Economic Policy Uncertainty and Inflation Expectations’’, Society for Economic Measurement Annual Conference, Paper No: 39. http://repository.cmu.edu/sem_conf/2015/ full_schedule/39, (04.11.2019)
  • Jurado, K., Ludvigson, S. C. ve Ng, S. (2015) ‘’Measuring Uncertainty’’, American Economic Review, 105(3): 1177- 1216.
  • Kapetanios, G. (2005) ‘’Unit-Root Testing Against The Alternative Hypothesis of up to Structural Breaks’’, Journal of Time Series Analysis, 26(1), 123-133.
  • Kawaquchi D. Ve Murao, T. (2014) "Labor Market Institutions and Long-Term Effects of Youth Unemployment", Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 46(2), 95-116.
  • Karacan, R. (2018) ‘’Phillips Eğrisi Yaklaşımı ile Türkiye’de Enflasyon ve İşsizlik Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi’’, Social Mentality and Researcher Thinkers Journal, 4(10), 242-249.
  • Lee, S. (2015), Macroeconomic Uncertainty and Its Impact on Economic Activity: Investigating Two Different Measures. 1-27, http://www.revecap.com/encuentros/trabajos/l/pdf/182.pdf, 12.12.2019).
  • Levine, R. ve Renelt, D. (1992) ‘’A Sensitivity Analysis of Cross-Country Growth Regressions’’, The American Economic Review, 82(4), 942-963.
  • Londregan, J.B. ve Poole, K.T. (1990) ‘’Poverty, The Coup Trap and The Seizure of Executive Power’’, World Politics, 42(2), 151-183.
  • Lovato, C. (2013) ‘’On the impact of economic policy uncertainty shocks on macroeconomic expectations in the United States’’, Anno Accademico, 2012/13.
  • Martin, I.S. (1997) ‘’I Just Ran Two Million Regression’’, The American Economic Review, 87(2), 178-183.
  • Mauro, P. (1995) ‘’Corruption and Growth’’, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110 (3), 681-712.
  • OECD Data (2019a) ‘’Youth unemployment rate’’, https://data.oecd.org/unemp/youth-unemployment-rate.htm#indicator-chart, (12.12.2019).
  • OECD Data (2019b) ‘’Unemployment rate’’. https://data.oecd.org/unemp/unemployment-rate.htm. (19.12.2019)
  • OECD Data (2019c) ‘’Household debt’’, https://data.oecd.org/hha/household-debt.htm. (12.12.2019)
  • OECD Data (2019d) ‘’Gross domestic product’’, https://data.oecd.org/gdp/gross-domestic-product-gdp.htm, (19.12.2019).
  • O'Higgins, N. (2001) ‘’Youth Unemployment and Employment Policy: A Global Perspective, MPRA Paper 23698, University Library of Munich.
  • O'Higgins, N. (2004) "Recent Trends in Youth Labour Markets and Youth Employment Policy in Europe and Central Asia’’, Universita degli Studi di Salerno Centro di Economia del Lavoro e di Politica Economica Discussion Paper 85, Ottobre,
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y. ve Smith, R. J. (2001) ‘’Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of Level Relationships’’, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 226-339.
  • Rice, A., Vehbi, T. ve Wong, B. (2018) ‘’Measuring uncertainty and its impact on the New Zealand economy’’. Reserve Bank of New Zealand Analytical Note Series, No: AN2018/01, 1-19, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org, 26.12.2019.
  • Rossi, B. ve Sekhposyan, T. (2015) ‘’Macroeconomic Uncertainty Indices Based on Nowcast and Forecast Error Distributions’’, American Economic Review, 105(5): 650-655.
  • Sakamoto, T. (2005) ‘’Economic Performance of Weak Governments and Their Interaction With Central Banks And Labor: Deficits, Economic Growth, Unemployment and Inflation, 1961-1998’’, European Journal of Political Research, 44(6), 801-836.
  • Scotti, C. (2013) ‘’Surprise and Uncertainty Indexes: Real-Time Aggregation of Real-Activity Macro Surprises’’, Mimeo.
  • Sorić, P. ve Lolić, I. (2017) ‘’Economic uncertainty and its impact on the Croatian economy’’, Public Sector Economics, 41:4, 443-477.
  • Tarı, R. (2012) ‘’Ekonometri’’, Umuttepe Yayınları, 8. Basım, Kocaeli.
  • TCKB (2016) ‘’Dünya Ekonomisindeki Son Gelişmeler Bülteni’’, T.C. Kalkınma Bakanlığı, Ekonomik Modeller ve Stratejik Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü Küresel Ekonomik Gelişmeleri İzleme Değerlendirme Dairesi.
  • Wongi, K. (2016) ‘’Economic Policy Uncertainty and Its Implication on Economic Recovery A Case Study of Korea’’, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy.
  • Yalçınkaya, Ö. (2019). Effects of Global Economic, Political and Geopolitical Uncertainties on Economic Conjuncture: An MS-VAR Analysis on Turkish Economy. Journal of Current Researches on Social Sciences, 9 (2), 169-186.
  • Yıldırım, K., Karaman, D. ve Taşdemir, S. (2016) ‘’Makroekonomi’’, 13. Baskı, Seçkin Yayınevi, Ankara.
There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mehmet Ali Polat 0000-0001-9239-8228

Publication Date June 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 18 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Polat, M. A. (2020). EKONOMİK VE POLİTİK BELİRSİZLİKLERİN YUNANİSTAN’DAKİ GENÇ İŞSİZLİĞE ETKİLERİ: AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 18(2), 128-148. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.677212
AMA Polat MA. EKONOMİK VE POLİTİK BELİRSİZLİKLERİN YUNANİSTAN’DAKİ GENÇ İŞSİZLİĞE ETKİLERİ: AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ. Journal of Management and Economics Research. June 2020;18(2):128-148. doi:10.11611/yead.677212
Chicago Polat, Mehmet Ali. “EKONOMİK VE POLİTİK BELİRSİZLİKLERİN YUNANİSTAN’DAKİ GENÇ İŞSİZLİĞE ETKİLERİ: AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ”. Journal of Management and Economics Research 18, no. 2 (June 2020): 128-48. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.677212.
EndNote Polat MA (June 1, 2020) EKONOMİK VE POLİTİK BELİRSİZLİKLERİN YUNANİSTAN’DAKİ GENÇ İŞSİZLİĞE ETKİLERİ: AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ. Journal of Management and Economics Research 18 2 128–148.
IEEE M. A. Polat, “EKONOMİK VE POLİTİK BELİRSİZLİKLERİN YUNANİSTAN’DAKİ GENÇ İŞSİZLİĞE ETKİLERİ: AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ”, Journal of Management and Economics Research, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 128–148, 2020, doi: 10.11611/yead.677212.
ISNAD Polat, Mehmet Ali. “EKONOMİK VE POLİTİK BELİRSİZLİKLERİN YUNANİSTAN’DAKİ GENÇ İŞSİZLİĞE ETKİLERİ: AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ”. Journal of Management and Economics Research 18/2 (June 2020), 128-148. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.677212.
JAMA Polat MA. EKONOMİK VE POLİTİK BELİRSİZLİKLERİN YUNANİSTAN’DAKİ GENÇ İŞSİZLİĞE ETKİLERİ: AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ. Journal of Management and Economics Research. 2020;18:128–148.
MLA Polat, Mehmet Ali. “EKONOMİK VE POLİTİK BELİRSİZLİKLERİN YUNANİSTAN’DAKİ GENÇ İŞSİZLİĞE ETKİLERİ: AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ”. Journal of Management and Economics Research, vol. 18, no. 2, 2020, pp. 128-4, doi:10.11611/yead.677212.
Vancouver Polat MA. EKONOMİK VE POLİTİK BELİRSİZLİKLERİN YUNANİSTAN’DAKİ GENÇ İŞSİZLİĞE ETKİLERİ: AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ. Journal of Management and Economics Research. 2020;18(2):128-4.