BİLGİ KÜLTÜRÜ, BİLGİ PAYLAŞIMI VE ÖRGÜTSEL YENİLİKÇİLİK ETKİLEŞİMİ
Year 2021,
Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 253 - 272, 31.03.2021
Yasin Çakırel
Recep Pınar
Abstract
Bu çalışma kapsamında “bilgi kültürü” kavramı tanımlanmış ve bu kavramın boyutları ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bunun sebebi kavramın literatürümüzde nispeten yeni olmasıdır. Çalışmada bilgi kültürünün örgütsel yenilikçilik değişkeni üzerindeki etkisi ve bu etkide bilgi paylaşımının dolaylı etkisinin olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini İstanbul’da bulunan teknoloji geliştirme bölgelerindeki (teknokent/teknopark) 342 çalışan oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre; bilgi kültürünün örgütsel yenilikçilik üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi vardır. Bunun yanı sıra, bilgi kültürünün örgütsel yenilikçilik üzerindeki etkisinde bilgi paylaşımının dolaylı etkisinin olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar kurumların, örgüt kültürünün inşası sırasında, bilgiyi esas alan bir kültür geliştirmelerinin önemini ortaya koymuştur.
References
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- Al‐Alawi, A. I., Al‐Marzooqi,N. Y. and Mohammed, Y. F. (2007) "Organizational culture and knowledge sharing: critical success factors." Journal of knowledge management, p.22-42.
- Anderson, N. R. and West, M. A. (1998) ”Measuring climate for work group innovation: Development and validation of the team climate inventory”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol.,. 19, 235-258.
- Ayverdi, İ, (2020) “Kubbealtı Lugatı:Asırlar Boyu Tarihi Seyri İçinde Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük”, 4. Baskı, Kubbealtı İktisadi İşletmesi, İstanbul.
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- Bock, G.-W. and Kim, Y.-G. (2000) “Breaking Myths of Rewards: A Study of Attitudes About Knowledge Sharing”, “Informs & Korms”, Seul-Korea, p. 1042-1043.
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- Brachos, D., Kostopoulos, K., Soderquist, K. E. and Prastacos, G. (2007) “Knowledge effectiveness, social context and innovation", Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 11 Iss 5 pp. 31 – 44.
- Calantone, R. J., Cavusgil, S. T. and Zhao, Y. (2002) "Learning orientation, firm innovation capability, and firm performance" Industrial marketing management 31.6, 515-524.
- Chang, S.‐C., and Lee, M. S. (2008) "The linkage between knowledge accumulation capability and organizational innovation." Journal of knowledge management, pp. 3-20.
- Chen, C. J., & Huang, J. W. (2007). “How organizational climate and structure affect knowledge management—The social interaction perspective.” International journal of information management, 27(2), 104-118.
- Collins, C. J., & Smith, K. G. (2006). “Knowledge exchange and combination: The role of human resource practices in the performance of high-technology firms.” Academy of management journal, 49(3), 544-560.
- Connelly, C. E., & Kelloway, E. K. (2003). “Predictors of employees’ perceptions of knowledge sharing cultures.” Leadership & Organization Development Journal.
- Çakır, O. (2011) “Otel İşletmelerinde Bilgi Teknolojilerinin Kullanımının Görev Teknoloji Uyum Modeli Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi: İstanbul’daki 4 ve 5 Yıldızlı Oteller Üzerine Bir Araştırma” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi.
- Çakırel, Y. (2016) “İşletmelerde Bilgi Kültürü ve Yenilik Etkileşimi: Türk İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma”, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi.
- Davenport, T. H. ve Laurance P (2001) “İş Dünyasında Bilgi Yönetimi”, Çev. Günhan Günay, Rota Yayınları, İstanbul.
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- Gold, A. H., Malhotra, A., & Segars, A. H. (2001). “Knowledge management: An organizational capabilities perspective.” Journal of management information systems, 18(1), 185-214.
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- Guerra, E. (2008) “The Effect Of Cognıtıve And Affectıve Trust On The Communıcatıon Of Senıor And Mıddle Management Teams”, a Dissertation Degree Doctor, University Of Phoenix.
- Gurteen, D. (1999) "Creating a knowledge sharing culture." Knowledge Management Magazine 2.5: 1-4.
- Gupta, A. K. and Govindarajan V. (2000) "Knowledge management's social dimension: Lessons from Nucor Steel." MIT Sloan Management Review 42.1 ,71.
- Hodgetts, R. M. (2003) “Yönetim: Teori, Süre. Ve Uygulama”, 5. Basımdan Çev: Canan Çetin, Esin Can Mutlu, Der Yayınları.
- Hoegl, M., Parboteeah, K. P., & Munson, C. L. (2003). “Team‐level antecedents of individuals' knowledge networks”. Decision Sciences, 34(4), 741-770.
- Jain, N., & Gupta, V. (2019). “The impact of knowledge management system on student performance: A case study of the University of Delhi”. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, Vol. 49 Issue: 1, pp.115-135.
- Jantunen, A. (2005) "Knowledge‐processing capabilities and innovative performance: an empirical study." European Journal of Innovation Management, pp. 336-349.
- Janz, B. D., & Prasarnphanich, P. (2003). “Understanding the antecedents of effective knowledge management: The importance of a knowledge‐centered culture.” Decision sciences, 34(2), 351-384.
- Jones, M. C., Cline, M., & Ryan, S. (2006). “Exploring knowledge sharing in ERP implementation: an organizational culture framework.” Decision support systems, 41(2), 411-434.
- Lam, W. (2005) "Successful knowledge management requires a knowledge culture: a case study." Knowledge Management Research & Practice 3.4: 206-217.
- Leal-Millán, A., Roldán, J. L., Leal-Rodríguez, A. L., & Ortega-Gutiérrez, J. (2016). “IT and relationship learning in networks as drivers of green innovation and customer capital: Evidence from the automobile sector.” Journal of Knowledge Management.
- Liebowitz, J. (2002). “Facilitating innovation through knowledge sharing: a look at the US Naval Surface Warfare Center-Carderock Division.” Journal of Computer Information Systems, 42(5), 1-6.
- Lin, H. F. (2007) “Knowledge sharing and firm innovation capability: an empirical study”, “International Journal of Manpower”, Vol. 28 Iss 3/4., pp. 320-321.
- López, S. P., Peón, J. M. M., & Ordás, C. J. V. (2004). “Managing knowledge: the link between culture and organizational learning.” Journal of Knowledge Management. Vol.8, No.6. pp. 93-104.
- Machuca, M. M., & Costa, C. M. (2012). “A study of knowledge culture in the consulting industry.” Industrial Management & Data Systems, pp. 24-41.
- Moffett, S., McAdam, R., & Parkinson, S. (2002). “Developing a model for technology and cultural factors in knowledge management: a factor analysis.” Knowledge and Process Management, 9(4), 237-255.
- García-Morales, V. J., Ruiz-Moreno, A., & Llorens-Montes, F. J. (2007). “Effects of technology absorptive capacity and technology proactivity on organizational learning, innovation and performance: An empirical examination”. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 19(4), 527-558.
- Mueller, J. (2012) “The interactive relationship of corporate culture and knowledge management: a review”, Review Management Science”, (6), s. 190-192.
- Nayır, D. Z., & Uzunçarşılı, Ü. (2008). “A cultural perspective on knowledge management: the success story of Sarkuysan company.” Journal of Knowledge Management.
- Nonaka, I. (1991) The Knowledge Creating Company”, Harward Business Review, , pp. 96-104, November-December.
- Nonaka, I. (1994) “A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation”, Organization Science, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 14-37.
- Nonaka, I., & Konno, N. (1998). “The concept of “Ba”: Building a foundation for knowledge creation.” California management review, 40(3), 40-54.
- Oliver, S., & Kandadi, K. R. (2006). “How to develop knowledge culture in organizations? A multiple case study of large distributed organizations.” Journal of knowledge management.
- Ok, K. (2013) “Bilgi ve Bilginin Yönetimi”, (Editör: Sevinç Gülseçen), Papatya Yayıncılık Eğitim, İstanbul.
- Oslo Kılavuzu (2005) “Yenilik verilerinin toplanması ve yorumlanması için ilkeler”, 3. Baskı, OECD ve Eurostat ortak yayını.
- Özarallı, N. (2006) “Örgütsel Güven, Bilgi Paylaşımı ve İşbirliği Yapma Eğilimini İnceleyen Bir Çalışma”, 5. Bilgi, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, Cilt II, Horasan Basım Yayın, s. 628-640, İstanbul.
- Park, H., Ribière, V., & Schulte, W. D. (2004). “Critical attributes of organizational culture that promote knowledge management technology implementation success.” Journal of Knowledge management.
- Park, H. (2005, May). “Critical attributes of organizational culture promoting successful KM implementation.” In International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (pp. 1316-1325). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
- Sağsan, M. (2006) “Bilgi Yönetimi Bakış Açısından Bilgi Süreçleri ve Bir Model Önerisi”, Bilimsel İletişim ve Bilgi Yönetimi Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı Gazi Üniversitesi: Üniversite ve Araştırma Kütüphanecileri Derneği Yayınları, Ankara.
- Stankevičiūtė, J. (2002); “Organizacijos ţinojimo didinimo metodologija.” Kaunas: Technologija, (p.21-22.’den Aktaran) Girdauskienė and Savanevičienė, “Influence of Knowledge Culture on Effective Knowledge Transfer”, Engineering Economics”, No. 4 (54), 2007, p. 37.
- Thompson, R. L., Higgins, C. A., & Howell, J. M. (1991). “Personal computing: Toward a conceptual model of utilization.” MIS quarterly, 125-143.
- Travica, B. (2013) “Conceptualizing knowledge culture”, Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management, Vol. 1, Iss. 2, pp. 85-104.
- TÜSİAD (2003) “Ulusal İnovasyon Sistemi”, Kavramsal Çerçeve, Türkiye İncelemesi ve Ülke Örnekleri”, Lebib Yalkın Yayımları ve Basım İşleri, İstanbul.
- Yeh, Y. J., Lai, S. Q., & Ho, C. T. (2006). “Knowledge management enablers: a case study”. Industrial Management & Data Systems, pp. 793-810.
- Yeşil, S., Koska, A. ve Büyükbeşe, T. (2013) “Knowledge Sharing Process, Innovation Capability and Innovation Performance: An Empirical Study”, 2nd International Conference on Leadership, Technology and Innovation Management, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 75, pp. 217 – 225.
- Yilmaz, C., & Hunt, S. D. (2001). “Salesperson cooperation: The influence of relational, task, organizational, and personal factors.” Journal of the academy of marketing science, 29(4), 335-357.
- Yi, J., (2005) “A Measure of Knowledge Sharing Behavior: Scale Development and Validation, A Dıssertatıon Submitted to the faculty of the University Graduate School”, Degree Doctor of Philosophy in Indiana University.
- Zakaria, N., Amelinckx, A., & Wilemon, D. (2004). “Working together apart? Building a knowledge‐sharing culture for global virtual teams.” Creativity and innovation management, 13(1), 15-29.
- İnternet Kaynakları:
https://www.scimagojr.com/journalrank.php Erişim 06.12.2020 saat: 23.20
KNOWLEDGE CULTURE, KNOWLEDGE SHARING AND ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATIVENESS INTERACTION
Year 2021,
Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 253 - 272, 31.03.2021
Yasin Çakırel
Recep Pınar
Abstract
In this study, the concept of "information culture" has been defined and the dimensions of this concept have been tried to be set forth. This is because the concept is relatively new in our literature. In the study, the influence of knowledge culture on the organizational innovativeness variances and whether knowledge sharing has an indirect effect on this influence have examined. 342 employees in technology development zones (technocity / technopark) in Istanbul constitute the sample of the research. According to the findings acquired from the study, knowledge culture has a significant effect on organizational innovativeness. Besides, it has been found that knowledge sharing has an indirect effect on the effect of knowledge culture on organizational innovation. These results have emphasized the importance of institutions developing a knowledge-based culture during the construction of organizational culture.
References
- Alavi, M., Timothy R. K. and Dorothy E. L. (2005) "An empirical examination of the influence of organizational culture on knowledge management practices." Journal of management information systems 22.3: 191-224.
- Al‐Alawi, A. I., Al‐Marzooqi,N. Y. and Mohammed, Y. F. (2007) "Organizational culture and knowledge sharing: critical success factors." Journal of knowledge management, p.22-42.
- Anderson, N. R. and West, M. A. (1998) ”Measuring climate for work group innovation: Development and validation of the team climate inventory”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol.,. 19, 235-258.
- Ayverdi, İ, (2020) “Kubbealtı Lugatı:Asırlar Boyu Tarihi Seyri İçinde Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük”, 4. Baskı, Kubbealtı İktisadi İşletmesi, İstanbul.
- Baron, R. M. and Kenny, D. A (1986) “The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol 51, No. 6, pp. 1173-1182.
- Bock, F. (1999) "The intelligent approach to knowledge management: viewing KM in terms of content, culture, process, and infrastructure" Knowledge Management Review, 22-5, 7. March‐April.
- Bock, G.-W. and Kim, Y.-G. (2000) “Breaking Myths of Rewards: A Study of Attitudes About Knowledge Sharing”, “Informs & Korms”, Seul-Korea, p. 1042-1043.
- Bock, G.-W., Lee, J.-N. and Zmud, R. W. (2005) "Behavioral intention formation in knowledge sharing: Examining the roles of extrinsic motivators, social-psychological forces, and organizational climate" MIS Quarterly: 87-111.
- Brachos, D., Kostopoulos, K., Soderquist, K. E. and Prastacos, G. (2007) “Knowledge effectiveness, social context and innovation", Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 11 Iss 5 pp. 31 – 44.
- Calantone, R. J., Cavusgil, S. T. and Zhao, Y. (2002) "Learning orientation, firm innovation capability, and firm performance" Industrial marketing management 31.6, 515-524.
- Chang, S.‐C., and Lee, M. S. (2008) "The linkage between knowledge accumulation capability and organizational innovation." Journal of knowledge management, pp. 3-20.
- Chen, C. J., & Huang, J. W. (2007). “How organizational climate and structure affect knowledge management—The social interaction perspective.” International journal of information management, 27(2), 104-118.
- Collins, C. J., & Smith, K. G. (2006). “Knowledge exchange and combination: The role of human resource practices in the performance of high-technology firms.” Academy of management journal, 49(3), 544-560.
- Connelly, C. E., & Kelloway, E. K. (2003). “Predictors of employees’ perceptions of knowledge sharing cultures.” Leadership & Organization Development Journal.
- Çakır, O. (2011) “Otel İşletmelerinde Bilgi Teknolojilerinin Kullanımının Görev Teknoloji Uyum Modeli Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi: İstanbul’daki 4 ve 5 Yıldızlı Oteller Üzerine Bir Araştırma” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi.
- Çakırel, Y. (2016) “İşletmelerde Bilgi Kültürü ve Yenilik Etkileşimi: Türk İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma”, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi.
- Davenport, T. H. ve Laurance P (2001) “İş Dünyasında Bilgi Yönetimi”, Çev. Günhan Günay, Rota Yayınları, İstanbul.
- Dinçmen, M. (2010) “Bilgi Yönetimi ve Uygulamaları”, (Editör: Murat Dinçmen), İstanbul, Papatya Yayıncılık Eğitim.
- Hauschild, Susanne, Licht, Thomas ve Stein, Wolfram, "Creating a knowledge culture." The McKinsey Quarterly, 74-74, 2001.
- Eczacıbaşı, F. (2019) “Daha Yeni Başlıyor”, 4. Baskı, Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul, Nisan.
- Girdauskienė, L., & Savanevičienė, A. (2007). “Influence of knowledge culture on effective knowledge transfer”. Engineering economics, 54(4).
- Goh, S. C. (2002) “Managing Effective Knowledge Transfer: an Integrative Framework and Some Practice Implications”, Journal of Knowledge Management, 6, 1; pp. 23-30.
- Gold, A. H., Malhotra, A., & Segars, A. H. (2001). “Knowledge management: An organizational capabilities perspective.” Journal of management information systems, 18(1), 185-214.
- Gruber, H. G. (2000) “Does organisational culture affect the sharing of knowledge? the case of department in a high-technology company”. Diss. Carleton University.
- Guerra, E. (2008) “The Effect Of Cognıtıve And Affectıve Trust On The Communıcatıon Of Senıor And Mıddle Management Teams”, a Dissertation Degree Doctor, University Of Phoenix.
- Gurteen, D. (1999) "Creating a knowledge sharing culture." Knowledge Management Magazine 2.5: 1-4.
- Gupta, A. K. and Govindarajan V. (2000) "Knowledge management's social dimension: Lessons from Nucor Steel." MIT Sloan Management Review 42.1 ,71.
- Hodgetts, R. M. (2003) “Yönetim: Teori, Süre. Ve Uygulama”, 5. Basımdan Çev: Canan Çetin, Esin Can Mutlu, Der Yayınları.
- Hoegl, M., Parboteeah, K. P., & Munson, C. L. (2003). “Team‐level antecedents of individuals' knowledge networks”. Decision Sciences, 34(4), 741-770.
- Jain, N., & Gupta, V. (2019). “The impact of knowledge management system on student performance: A case study of the University of Delhi”. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, Vol. 49 Issue: 1, pp.115-135.
- Jantunen, A. (2005) "Knowledge‐processing capabilities and innovative performance: an empirical study." European Journal of Innovation Management, pp. 336-349.
- Janz, B. D., & Prasarnphanich, P. (2003). “Understanding the antecedents of effective knowledge management: The importance of a knowledge‐centered culture.” Decision sciences, 34(2), 351-384.
- Jones, M. C., Cline, M., & Ryan, S. (2006). “Exploring knowledge sharing in ERP implementation: an organizational culture framework.” Decision support systems, 41(2), 411-434.
- Lam, W. (2005) "Successful knowledge management requires a knowledge culture: a case study." Knowledge Management Research & Practice 3.4: 206-217.
- Leal-Millán, A., Roldán, J. L., Leal-Rodríguez, A. L., & Ortega-Gutiérrez, J. (2016). “IT and relationship learning in networks as drivers of green innovation and customer capital: Evidence from the automobile sector.” Journal of Knowledge Management.
- Liebowitz, J. (2002). “Facilitating innovation through knowledge sharing: a look at the US Naval Surface Warfare Center-Carderock Division.” Journal of Computer Information Systems, 42(5), 1-6.
- Lin, H. F. (2007) “Knowledge sharing and firm innovation capability: an empirical study”, “International Journal of Manpower”, Vol. 28 Iss 3/4., pp. 320-321.
- López, S. P., Peón, J. M. M., & Ordás, C. J. V. (2004). “Managing knowledge: the link between culture and organizational learning.” Journal of Knowledge Management. Vol.8, No.6. pp. 93-104.
- Machuca, M. M., & Costa, C. M. (2012). “A study of knowledge culture in the consulting industry.” Industrial Management & Data Systems, pp. 24-41.
- Moffett, S., McAdam, R., & Parkinson, S. (2002). “Developing a model for technology and cultural factors in knowledge management: a factor analysis.” Knowledge and Process Management, 9(4), 237-255.
- García-Morales, V. J., Ruiz-Moreno, A., & Llorens-Montes, F. J. (2007). “Effects of technology absorptive capacity and technology proactivity on organizational learning, innovation and performance: An empirical examination”. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 19(4), 527-558.
- Mueller, J. (2012) “The interactive relationship of corporate culture and knowledge management: a review”, Review Management Science”, (6), s. 190-192.
- Nayır, D. Z., & Uzunçarşılı, Ü. (2008). “A cultural perspective on knowledge management: the success story of Sarkuysan company.” Journal of Knowledge Management.
- Nonaka, I. (1991) The Knowledge Creating Company”, Harward Business Review, , pp. 96-104, November-December.
- Nonaka, I. (1994) “A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation”, Organization Science, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 14-37.
- Nonaka, I., & Konno, N. (1998). “The concept of “Ba”: Building a foundation for knowledge creation.” California management review, 40(3), 40-54.
- Oliver, S., & Kandadi, K. R. (2006). “How to develop knowledge culture in organizations? A multiple case study of large distributed organizations.” Journal of knowledge management.
- Ok, K. (2013) “Bilgi ve Bilginin Yönetimi”, (Editör: Sevinç Gülseçen), Papatya Yayıncılık Eğitim, İstanbul.
- Oslo Kılavuzu (2005) “Yenilik verilerinin toplanması ve yorumlanması için ilkeler”, 3. Baskı, OECD ve Eurostat ortak yayını.
- Özarallı, N. (2006) “Örgütsel Güven, Bilgi Paylaşımı ve İşbirliği Yapma Eğilimini İnceleyen Bir Çalışma”, 5. Bilgi, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, Cilt II, Horasan Basım Yayın, s. 628-640, İstanbul.
- Park, H., Ribière, V., & Schulte, W. D. (2004). “Critical attributes of organizational culture that promote knowledge management technology implementation success.” Journal of Knowledge management.
- Park, H. (2005, May). “Critical attributes of organizational culture promoting successful KM implementation.” In International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (pp. 1316-1325). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
- Sağsan, M. (2006) “Bilgi Yönetimi Bakış Açısından Bilgi Süreçleri ve Bir Model Önerisi”, Bilimsel İletişim ve Bilgi Yönetimi Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı Gazi Üniversitesi: Üniversite ve Araştırma Kütüphanecileri Derneği Yayınları, Ankara.
- Stankevičiūtė, J. (2002); “Organizacijos ţinojimo didinimo metodologija.” Kaunas: Technologija, (p.21-22.’den Aktaran) Girdauskienė and Savanevičienė, “Influence of Knowledge Culture on Effective Knowledge Transfer”, Engineering Economics”, No. 4 (54), 2007, p. 37.
- Thompson, R. L., Higgins, C. A., & Howell, J. M. (1991). “Personal computing: Toward a conceptual model of utilization.” MIS quarterly, 125-143.
- Travica, B. (2013) “Conceptualizing knowledge culture”, Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management, Vol. 1, Iss. 2, pp. 85-104.
- TÜSİAD (2003) “Ulusal İnovasyon Sistemi”, Kavramsal Çerçeve, Türkiye İncelemesi ve Ülke Örnekleri”, Lebib Yalkın Yayımları ve Basım İşleri, İstanbul.
- Yeh, Y. J., Lai, S. Q., & Ho, C. T. (2006). “Knowledge management enablers: a case study”. Industrial Management & Data Systems, pp. 793-810.
- Yeşil, S., Koska, A. ve Büyükbeşe, T. (2013) “Knowledge Sharing Process, Innovation Capability and Innovation Performance: An Empirical Study”, 2nd International Conference on Leadership, Technology and Innovation Management, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 75, pp. 217 – 225.
- Yilmaz, C., & Hunt, S. D. (2001). “Salesperson cooperation: The influence of relational, task, organizational, and personal factors.” Journal of the academy of marketing science, 29(4), 335-357.
- Yi, J., (2005) “A Measure of Knowledge Sharing Behavior: Scale Development and Validation, A Dıssertatıon Submitted to the faculty of the University Graduate School”, Degree Doctor of Philosophy in Indiana University.
- Zakaria, N., Amelinckx, A., & Wilemon, D. (2004). “Working together apart? Building a knowledge‐sharing culture for global virtual teams.” Creativity and innovation management, 13(1), 15-29.
- İnternet Kaynakları:
https://www.scimagojr.com/journalrank.php Erişim 06.12.2020 saat: 23.20