Research Article
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Year 2022, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 152 - 169, 08.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1162186

Abstract

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Yok

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References

  • Airaksinen, M., Huovila, A., Pinto-Seppa, I., Piira, K., Bosch, P., Penttinen, T., Neumann, H. M. and Kontinakis, N. (2017). “CITYkeys Smart City Performance Measurement System”, International Journal for Housing Science and Its Applications, 41(2): 113–125.
  • Alberts, G., Went, M. and Jansma, R. (2017). “Archaeology of the Amsterdam Digital City: Why Digital Data Are Dynamic and Should Be Treated Accordingly”, Internet Histories: Digital Technology, Culture and Society, 1(1-2): 46–159.
  • Angelakoglou, K., Nikolopoulos, N., Giourka, P., Svensonn, I. L., Tsarchopoulos, P., Tryferidis, A. and Tzovaras, D. (2019). “A Methodological Framework for the Selection of Key Performance Indicators to Assess Smart City Solutions”, Smart Cities, 2: 269–306.
  • Borsekova, K., Korony, S., Venova, A. and Vitalisova, K. (2018). “Functionally Between the Size and Indicators of Smart Cities: A Research Challenge with Policy Implications”, Cities, 78: 17–26.
  • Bria, F. (2012). “New Governance Models Towards an Open Internet Ecosystem for Smart Connected European Cities and Regions”, Open Innovation, Directorate-General for the Information Society and Media, Luxembourg: European Commission, 62–71.
  • Bunders, D. J. and Varro, K. (2019). “Problematizing Data-Driven Urban Practices: Insights from Five Dutch Smart Cities”, Cities, 93: 145–152.
  • Capdevila, I. and Zarlenga, M. I. (2015). “Smart City or Smart Citizens? The Barcelona Case”, Journal of Strategy and Management, 8(3): 266–282.
  • Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C. F. and Nijkamp, P. (2011). “Smart Cities in Europe”, Journal of Urban Technology, 8(2): 65–82.
  • Chowdhury, S. N. and Dhawan, S. (2016). “Evaluation of Key Performance Indicators of Smart Cities by Delphi Analysis”, 2016 IEEE International Conference on Recent Trends in Electronics, Information&Communication Technology (RTEICT) Proceedings, India, 337–342.
  • Coşkun, R., Altunışık, E., Bayraktaroğlu, S. and Yıldırım, E. (2015). “Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri: SPSS Uygulamalı”, Sakarya: Sakarya Yayıncılık.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2007). “Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches”, California: Sage Publications.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2016). “Araştırma Deseni: Nitel, Nicel ve Karma Yöntem Yaklaşımları”, (trans-ed. Selçuk Beşir Demir), Ankara: Eğiten Kitap.
  • Dameri, R. P. (2017). “Smart City Implementation: Creating Economic and Public Value in Innovative Urban Systems”, Switzerland: Springer.
  • Dutton, W. H. (1987). “Wired Cities: Shaping the Future of Communications”, London: Macmillan.
  • Eremia, M., Toma, L. and Sanduleac, M. (2017). “The Smart City Concept in the 21st Century”, Procedia Engineering, 181: 12–19.
  • Frith, J. (2017). “Big Data, Technical Communication, and the Smart City”, Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 31(2): 168–187.
  • Giffinger, R. and Gudrun, H. (2010). “Smart Cities Ranking: An Effective Instrument for the Positioning of Cities?”, ACE: Architecture City and Environment, 4: 7–25.
  • Giffinger, R., Fertner, C., Kramar, H., Kalasek, R., Pichler-Milanovi, N. and Meijers, E. (2007). “Smart Cities: Ranking of European Medium-sized Cities”, Austria: Centre of Regional Science (SRF).
  • Giffinger, R., Haindlmaier, G. and Kramar, H. (2010). “The Role of Rankings in Growing City Competition”, Urban Research and Practice, 3: 299–312.
  • Gil-Garcia, J. R., Pardo, T. A.and Nam, T. (2015), “What Makes a City Smart? Identifying Core Components and Proposing an Integrative and Comprehensive Conceptualization”, Information Polity, 20: 61–87.
  • Hall, R. E. (2000). “The Vision of a Smart City”, 2nd International Life Extension Technology Workshop, Paris.
  • Hara, M., Nagao, T., Hannoe, S. and Nakamura, J. (2016). “New Key Performance Indicators for a Smart Sustainable City”, Sustainability, 206(8): 1–19.
  • Hemment, D., Woods, M., Appadoo, V. and Bui, L. (2016). “Community Key Performance Indicators (Community KPIs) for the IoT and Smart Cities: A Collaborative Framework for Project Assessment”, Manchester: FutureEveryting Report.
  • IBM (2008). “A Vision of Smarter Cities: How Cities Can Lead the Way into a Prosperous and Sustainable Future”, USA: IBM Global Services.
  • International Telecommunication Organization (2014). “Overview of Key Performance Indicators in Smart Sustainable Cities”, ITU-T Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities 10/2014.
  • Kitchin, R. (2015). “Making Sense of Smart Cities: Addressing Present Shortcomings”, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 8: 131–136.
  • Kourtit, K. and Nijkamp, P. (2012). “Smart cities in the Innovation Age”, Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 25(2): 93–95.
  • Kourtit, K. and Nijkamp, P. (2017). “A Big Data Dashboard Architecture for a Computable Intelligent City”, BDC: Circular City and Cultural Heritage Interplay, 17(1): 23–34.
  • Kumar, A. and Jaiswal, A. (2022). “Scalable Intelligent Data-driven Decision Making for Congnitive Cities”, Energy System, 13(3): 581–599.
  • Lnenicka, M., Nikiforova, A., Luterek, M., Azeroual, O., Ukpabi, D., Valtenbergs, V. and Machova, R. (2022). “Transparancy of Open Data Ecosystems in Smart Cities: Definition and Assessment of the Manurity of Transparency in 22 Smart Cities”, Sustainable Cities and Society, 82.
  • Madakam, S., Ramaswamy, R. and Date, H. (2017). “Quality of Life @ Palava Smart City: A Case Study”, Global Business Review, 20(3): 708–742.
  • Mayer-Schönberger, V. and Cukier, K. (2013). “Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work, and Think”, New York: Eamon Dolan/Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
  • Merriam, S. B. (2013). “Nitel Araştırma: Desen ve Uygulamalar İçin Bir Rehber”, (trans-ed. Selahattin Turan), Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • National Smart Cities Strategy and Action Plan Report (2019). “2020-2023 Ulusal Akıllı Şehir Stratejisi ve Eylem Planı”, TC Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı, Accessed: https://www.akillisehirler.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/EylemPlani.pdf (14 Aug. 2022).
  • Nautiyal, L., Malik, P. and Agarwal, A. (2018). “Cybersecurity System: An Essetial Pillar of Smart Cities”, Mahmood, Z. (ed.), Smart Cities: Development and Governance Frameworks, Switzerland: Springer, 25–50.
  • Neuman, W. L. (2016). “Toplumsal Araştırmalara Giriş: Nitel ve Nicel Yaklaşımlar”, (trans. Sedef Özge), Ankara: Yayınodası.
  • Odendaal, N. (2003). “Information and Communication Technology and Local Governance: Understanding the Difference between Cities in Developed and Emerging Economies”, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 27: 585–607.
  • Osborne, D. and Gaebler, T. (1992). “How the Entrepreneurial Spirit is Transforming the Public Sector”, New York: Basic Books.
  • Özdemir, A. (2022). “Yaşam Kalitesinin İyileştirilmesinde Akıllı Kent Stratejileri: Sakarya Büyükşehir Belediyesi Örneği ve Yerel Yönetimler İçin Bir Model Önerisi”, PhD Thesis, (Advisor: M. Çağlar ÖZDEMİR), Sakarya University, Institute of Social Science.
  • Özdemir, A., Kourtit, K., Nijkamp, P. (2019). “Social Policy in Smart Cities: The Forgotten Dimension”, Komninos, N., Kakderi, C. (eds.), Smart Cities in the Post-algorithmic Era: Integrating Technologies, Platforms and Governance, United Kingdom: Edward Elgar Publishing, 235–261.
  • Picioroaga, I. I., Eremia, M. and Sanduleac, M. (2018). “SMART CITY: Definition and Evaluation of Key Performance Indicators”, 10th International Conference and Exposition on Electrical and Power Engineering (EPE2018) Proceedings, 217–222.
  • Prajapati, A. G., Sharma, S. J. and Badjugar, V. S. (2018). “All About Cloud: A Systematic Survey”, 2018 International Conference on Smart City and Emerging Technology (ICSCET 2018) Proceedings, 1–6.
  • Punch, K. F. (2011). “Sosyal Araştırmalara Giriş: Nitel ve Nicel Yaklaşımlar”, (trans-ed. Dursun Bayrak, H. Bader Arslan, Zeynep Akyüz), Ankara: Siyasal Kitapevi.
  • Rabari, C. and Storper, M. (2015). “The Digital Skin of Cities: Urban Theory and Research in the Age of the Sensored and Metered City, Ubiquitous Computing and Big Data”, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 8: 27–42.
  • Ragnedda, M. and Muschert, G. (eds.) (2013). “The Digital Divide: The Internet and Social Inequality in International Perspective”, London: Routledge.
  • SASEP (2019). “Sakarya Akıllı Şehir Stratejisi ve Eylem Planı (SASEP) 2019-2023”, Accessed: https://www.sakarya.bel.tr/uploads/stratejik/Lm9uovzWve.pdf (1 May. 2021).
  • Sebastian, A., Sivagurunathan, S. and Muthu Ganeshan, V. (2018). “IoT Challenges in Data and Citizen-centric Smart City Governance”, Mahmood, Z. (ed.) Smart Cities, Computer Communications and Networks, Switzerland: Springer, 127–151.
  • Shapiro, J. M. (2006). “Smart Cities: Quality of Life, Productivity, and the Growth Effects of Human Capital”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 88(2): 324–335.
  • Statista (2021). “Number of Internet of Things (IoT) Connected Devices Worldwide From 2019 to 2030”, Accessed: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1183457/iot-connected-devices-worldwide/ (21 Dec. 2021).
  • The World Population (2021). “The World: Population (2025)”, Accessed: http://www.geoba.se/population.php?pc=world&page=3&type=028&st=rank&asde=&year=2025 (22 Dec. 2021).
  • Vhaduri, S. and Poellabauer, C. (2016). “Design and Implementation of a Remotely Configurable and Manageable Well-being Study”, Leon-Garicia, A., vd. (eds.), Smart City 360°, Toronto: Springer, 179–191.

DATA- AND KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN SMART CITY STRATEGIES: RESEARCH ON IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN TURKEY

Year 2022, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 152 - 169, 08.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1162186

Abstract

The present study sought an answer to the question, “What kind of challenges do local governments in Turkey confront while implementing data- and knowledge-driven smart city strategies?”. It seems noteworthy to explore tacit links between such implementation challenges through a field study employing an exploratory design. Thanks to the original theoretical framework enriched with empirical findings, this research is expected to bring practical and theoretical contributions to the smart city literature. The data were gathered through face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with 23 personnel of Sakarya Metropolitan Municipality (SMM), which has become the very first local government in Turkey to have introduced a smart city strategy and action plan. In this field research employing a single case, the content analysis technique was utilized to interpret the findings. Accordingly, SMM is faced with basically data-driven difficulties such as data security, poor technological and physical infrastructure, insufficient budget and high costs, dubious legal regulations and bureaucracy, resistance to change, lack of human resources and high turnover, and digital divide while implementing its smart city strategy.

Project Number

Yok

References

  • Airaksinen, M., Huovila, A., Pinto-Seppa, I., Piira, K., Bosch, P., Penttinen, T., Neumann, H. M. and Kontinakis, N. (2017). “CITYkeys Smart City Performance Measurement System”, International Journal for Housing Science and Its Applications, 41(2): 113–125.
  • Alberts, G., Went, M. and Jansma, R. (2017). “Archaeology of the Amsterdam Digital City: Why Digital Data Are Dynamic and Should Be Treated Accordingly”, Internet Histories: Digital Technology, Culture and Society, 1(1-2): 46–159.
  • Angelakoglou, K., Nikolopoulos, N., Giourka, P., Svensonn, I. L., Tsarchopoulos, P., Tryferidis, A. and Tzovaras, D. (2019). “A Methodological Framework for the Selection of Key Performance Indicators to Assess Smart City Solutions”, Smart Cities, 2: 269–306.
  • Borsekova, K., Korony, S., Venova, A. and Vitalisova, K. (2018). “Functionally Between the Size and Indicators of Smart Cities: A Research Challenge with Policy Implications”, Cities, 78: 17–26.
  • Bria, F. (2012). “New Governance Models Towards an Open Internet Ecosystem for Smart Connected European Cities and Regions”, Open Innovation, Directorate-General for the Information Society and Media, Luxembourg: European Commission, 62–71.
  • Bunders, D. J. and Varro, K. (2019). “Problematizing Data-Driven Urban Practices: Insights from Five Dutch Smart Cities”, Cities, 93: 145–152.
  • Capdevila, I. and Zarlenga, M. I. (2015). “Smart City or Smart Citizens? The Barcelona Case”, Journal of Strategy and Management, 8(3): 266–282.
  • Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C. F. and Nijkamp, P. (2011). “Smart Cities in Europe”, Journal of Urban Technology, 8(2): 65–82.
  • Chowdhury, S. N. and Dhawan, S. (2016). “Evaluation of Key Performance Indicators of Smart Cities by Delphi Analysis”, 2016 IEEE International Conference on Recent Trends in Electronics, Information&Communication Technology (RTEICT) Proceedings, India, 337–342.
  • Coşkun, R., Altunışık, E., Bayraktaroğlu, S. and Yıldırım, E. (2015). “Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri: SPSS Uygulamalı”, Sakarya: Sakarya Yayıncılık.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2007). “Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches”, California: Sage Publications.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2016). “Araştırma Deseni: Nitel, Nicel ve Karma Yöntem Yaklaşımları”, (trans-ed. Selçuk Beşir Demir), Ankara: Eğiten Kitap.
  • Dameri, R. P. (2017). “Smart City Implementation: Creating Economic and Public Value in Innovative Urban Systems”, Switzerland: Springer.
  • Dutton, W. H. (1987). “Wired Cities: Shaping the Future of Communications”, London: Macmillan.
  • Eremia, M., Toma, L. and Sanduleac, M. (2017). “The Smart City Concept in the 21st Century”, Procedia Engineering, 181: 12–19.
  • Frith, J. (2017). “Big Data, Technical Communication, and the Smart City”, Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 31(2): 168–187.
  • Giffinger, R. and Gudrun, H. (2010). “Smart Cities Ranking: An Effective Instrument for the Positioning of Cities?”, ACE: Architecture City and Environment, 4: 7–25.
  • Giffinger, R., Fertner, C., Kramar, H., Kalasek, R., Pichler-Milanovi, N. and Meijers, E. (2007). “Smart Cities: Ranking of European Medium-sized Cities”, Austria: Centre of Regional Science (SRF).
  • Giffinger, R., Haindlmaier, G. and Kramar, H. (2010). “The Role of Rankings in Growing City Competition”, Urban Research and Practice, 3: 299–312.
  • Gil-Garcia, J. R., Pardo, T. A.and Nam, T. (2015), “What Makes a City Smart? Identifying Core Components and Proposing an Integrative and Comprehensive Conceptualization”, Information Polity, 20: 61–87.
  • Hall, R. E. (2000). “The Vision of a Smart City”, 2nd International Life Extension Technology Workshop, Paris.
  • Hara, M., Nagao, T., Hannoe, S. and Nakamura, J. (2016). “New Key Performance Indicators for a Smart Sustainable City”, Sustainability, 206(8): 1–19.
  • Hemment, D., Woods, M., Appadoo, V. and Bui, L. (2016). “Community Key Performance Indicators (Community KPIs) for the IoT and Smart Cities: A Collaborative Framework for Project Assessment”, Manchester: FutureEveryting Report.
  • IBM (2008). “A Vision of Smarter Cities: How Cities Can Lead the Way into a Prosperous and Sustainable Future”, USA: IBM Global Services.
  • International Telecommunication Organization (2014). “Overview of Key Performance Indicators in Smart Sustainable Cities”, ITU-T Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities 10/2014.
  • Kitchin, R. (2015). “Making Sense of Smart Cities: Addressing Present Shortcomings”, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 8: 131–136.
  • Kourtit, K. and Nijkamp, P. (2012). “Smart cities in the Innovation Age”, Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 25(2): 93–95.
  • Kourtit, K. and Nijkamp, P. (2017). “A Big Data Dashboard Architecture for a Computable Intelligent City”, BDC: Circular City and Cultural Heritage Interplay, 17(1): 23–34.
  • Kumar, A. and Jaiswal, A. (2022). “Scalable Intelligent Data-driven Decision Making for Congnitive Cities”, Energy System, 13(3): 581–599.
  • Lnenicka, M., Nikiforova, A., Luterek, M., Azeroual, O., Ukpabi, D., Valtenbergs, V. and Machova, R. (2022). “Transparancy of Open Data Ecosystems in Smart Cities: Definition and Assessment of the Manurity of Transparency in 22 Smart Cities”, Sustainable Cities and Society, 82.
  • Madakam, S., Ramaswamy, R. and Date, H. (2017). “Quality of Life @ Palava Smart City: A Case Study”, Global Business Review, 20(3): 708–742.
  • Mayer-Schönberger, V. and Cukier, K. (2013). “Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work, and Think”, New York: Eamon Dolan/Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
  • Merriam, S. B. (2013). “Nitel Araştırma: Desen ve Uygulamalar İçin Bir Rehber”, (trans-ed. Selahattin Turan), Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • National Smart Cities Strategy and Action Plan Report (2019). “2020-2023 Ulusal Akıllı Şehir Stratejisi ve Eylem Planı”, TC Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı, Accessed: https://www.akillisehirler.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/EylemPlani.pdf (14 Aug. 2022).
  • Nautiyal, L., Malik, P. and Agarwal, A. (2018). “Cybersecurity System: An Essetial Pillar of Smart Cities”, Mahmood, Z. (ed.), Smart Cities: Development and Governance Frameworks, Switzerland: Springer, 25–50.
  • Neuman, W. L. (2016). “Toplumsal Araştırmalara Giriş: Nitel ve Nicel Yaklaşımlar”, (trans. Sedef Özge), Ankara: Yayınodası.
  • Odendaal, N. (2003). “Information and Communication Technology and Local Governance: Understanding the Difference between Cities in Developed and Emerging Economies”, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 27: 585–607.
  • Osborne, D. and Gaebler, T. (1992). “How the Entrepreneurial Spirit is Transforming the Public Sector”, New York: Basic Books.
  • Özdemir, A. (2022). “Yaşam Kalitesinin İyileştirilmesinde Akıllı Kent Stratejileri: Sakarya Büyükşehir Belediyesi Örneği ve Yerel Yönetimler İçin Bir Model Önerisi”, PhD Thesis, (Advisor: M. Çağlar ÖZDEMİR), Sakarya University, Institute of Social Science.
  • Özdemir, A., Kourtit, K., Nijkamp, P. (2019). “Social Policy in Smart Cities: The Forgotten Dimension”, Komninos, N., Kakderi, C. (eds.), Smart Cities in the Post-algorithmic Era: Integrating Technologies, Platforms and Governance, United Kingdom: Edward Elgar Publishing, 235–261.
  • Picioroaga, I. I., Eremia, M. and Sanduleac, M. (2018). “SMART CITY: Definition and Evaluation of Key Performance Indicators”, 10th International Conference and Exposition on Electrical and Power Engineering (EPE2018) Proceedings, 217–222.
  • Prajapati, A. G., Sharma, S. J. and Badjugar, V. S. (2018). “All About Cloud: A Systematic Survey”, 2018 International Conference on Smart City and Emerging Technology (ICSCET 2018) Proceedings, 1–6.
  • Punch, K. F. (2011). “Sosyal Araştırmalara Giriş: Nitel ve Nicel Yaklaşımlar”, (trans-ed. Dursun Bayrak, H. Bader Arslan, Zeynep Akyüz), Ankara: Siyasal Kitapevi.
  • Rabari, C. and Storper, M. (2015). “The Digital Skin of Cities: Urban Theory and Research in the Age of the Sensored and Metered City, Ubiquitous Computing and Big Data”, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 8: 27–42.
  • Ragnedda, M. and Muschert, G. (eds.) (2013). “The Digital Divide: The Internet and Social Inequality in International Perspective”, London: Routledge.
  • SASEP (2019). “Sakarya Akıllı Şehir Stratejisi ve Eylem Planı (SASEP) 2019-2023”, Accessed: https://www.sakarya.bel.tr/uploads/stratejik/Lm9uovzWve.pdf (1 May. 2021).
  • Sebastian, A., Sivagurunathan, S. and Muthu Ganeshan, V. (2018). “IoT Challenges in Data and Citizen-centric Smart City Governance”, Mahmood, Z. (ed.) Smart Cities, Computer Communications and Networks, Switzerland: Springer, 127–151.
  • Shapiro, J. M. (2006). “Smart Cities: Quality of Life, Productivity, and the Growth Effects of Human Capital”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 88(2): 324–335.
  • Statista (2021). “Number of Internet of Things (IoT) Connected Devices Worldwide From 2019 to 2030”, Accessed: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1183457/iot-connected-devices-worldwide/ (21 Dec. 2021).
  • The World Population (2021). “The World: Population (2025)”, Accessed: http://www.geoba.se/population.php?pc=world&page=3&type=028&st=rank&asde=&year=2025 (22 Dec. 2021).
  • Vhaduri, S. and Poellabauer, C. (2016). “Design and Implementation of a Remotely Configurable and Manageable Well-being Study”, Leon-Garicia, A., vd. (eds.), Smart City 360°, Toronto: Springer, 179–191.
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Urban Policy
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Akın Özdemir 0000-0002-7415-7006

Project Number Yok
Publication Date October 8, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 20 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Özdemir, A. (2022). DATA- AND KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN SMART CITY STRATEGIES: RESEARCH ON IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN TURKEY. Yönetim Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 20(3), 152-169. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1162186
AMA Özdemir A. DATA- AND KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN SMART CITY STRATEGIES: RESEARCH ON IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN TURKEY. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. October 2022;20(3):152-169. doi:10.11611/yead.1162186
Chicago Özdemir, Akın. “DATA- AND KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN SMART CITY STRATEGIES: RESEARCH ON IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN TURKEY”. Yönetim Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi 20, no. 3 (October 2022): 152-69. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1162186.
EndNote Özdemir A (October 1, 2022) DATA- AND KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN SMART CITY STRATEGIES: RESEARCH ON IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN TURKEY. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi 20 3 152–169.
IEEE A. Özdemir, “DATA- AND KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN SMART CITY STRATEGIES: RESEARCH ON IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN TURKEY”, Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 152–169, 2022, doi: 10.11611/yead.1162186.
ISNAD Özdemir, Akın. “DATA- AND KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN SMART CITY STRATEGIES: RESEARCH ON IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN TURKEY”. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi 20/3 (October 2022), 152-169. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1162186.
JAMA Özdemir A. DATA- AND KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN SMART CITY STRATEGIES: RESEARCH ON IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN TURKEY. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2022;20:152–169.
MLA Özdemir, Akın. “DATA- AND KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN SMART CITY STRATEGIES: RESEARCH ON IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN TURKEY”. Yönetim Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 20, no. 3, 2022, pp. 152-69, doi:10.11611/yead.1162186.
Vancouver Özdemir A. DATA- AND KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN SMART CITY STRATEGIES: RESEARCH ON IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN TURKEY. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2022;20(3):152-69.