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TÜRKİYE'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE PROCESS IN FIGHTING CLIMATE CHANGE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF TURKISH ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION

Year 2024, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 44 - 65, 06.07.2024

Salih Çiftçi , Mesut Kayaer

https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1258752

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin iklim değişikliği ile mücadele sürecinde etkinliği araştırılmıştır. İlk önce çevre yönetimi ve çevre mevzuatı, iklim değişikliği çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. İklim değişikliğinin ve olumsuz etkilerinin farkında olan Türkiye, aktif mücadelesini sürdürmektedir. Bunun için Türkiye, yasal ve yönetsel düzenlemelerle kendi çevre yönetimini ve çevre mevzuatını, taraf olduğu sözleşmelere ve protokollere göre yeniden düzenlemiştir. Daha sonra, iklim değişikliğinin temel sebebi olan sera gazı emisyon envanteri incelenmiştir. Türkiye’nin emisyon değerlerine bakıldığında, beyan ettiği taahhütlerden uzak olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.

Keywords

Environmental law and management climate change greenhouse gas emission

References

  • AAS-Australian Academy of Science, (2018) “Are Human Activities Causing Climate Change?”, https://www.science.org.au/learning/general-audience/science-climate-change/3-are-human-activities-causing-climate-change, (10.12.2022).
  • Algedik, Ö. Bayar, H. İ., Biçer, B. E., Çelik, E., Keleş, M., Kocaman, H. and Talu, N. (2016) “TBMM’nin İklim Değişikliği Politikasındaki Rolü”, Global Balance, https://kureseldenge.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/TBMM_ve_iklim_degisikligi_raporu.pdf, (24.05.2022).
  • Baykal Fide, E. (2022) “Turkish Press Climate Crisis Coverage (2018–2019): Elements of Disconnect in Discourses and the Representation of Solutions”, New Perspectives on Turkey, 67: 32-56.
  • Circulars, (2022) “Directorate of Climate Change”, https://iklim.gov.tr/genelgeler-i-26, (20.11.2022).
  • Communiqués, (2022) Directorate of Climate Change, https://iklim.gov.tr/tebligler-i-25, (20.11.2022).
  • ECIU-Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit (2024) “Net Zero Emissions Race”, https://eciu.net/netzerotracker, (09.06.2024).
  • EPA-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (2010) “Climate Change and Ecosystems” EPA ht tps://clu-in.org/download/issues/ecotools/Climate_Change_Ecosystems.pdf, (20.12.2022).
  • Erdem, M. S. and Yenilmez, F. (2017). “Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği Çevre Politikalarına Uyum Sürecinin Değerlendirilmesi”, Optimum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 84/2, 91-119.
  • Ersoy, Ş. (2006) “Küremiz Isınıyor”, Bilim ve Ütopya, 139 (1): 5-13.
  • European Commission, (2018) “Causes of Climate Change” https://climate.ec.europa.eu/climate-change/causes-climate-change_en, (20.12.2022).
  • FRİEDRİCH, J., GE, M., PİCKENS, A. AND VİGNA L. (2023) “THİS INTERACTİVE CHART SHOWS CHANGES İN THE WORLD'S TOP 10 EMİTTERS”, WRI-WORLD RESOURCES INSTİTUTE, HTTPS://WWW.WRİ.ORG/İNSİGHTS/İNTERACTİVE-CHART-SHOWS-CHANGES-WORLDS-TOP-10-EMİTTERS, (09.06.2024).
  • Füssel, H. M. and Klein, R. J. T. (2006) “Climate Change Vulnerability Assessments: An Evolution of Conceptual Thinking”, Climatic Change, 75 (3): 301-329.
  • Huber, M. and Knutti, R. (2012) “Anthropogenic and Natural Warming Inferred From Changes in Earth’s Energy Balance”, Nature Geoscience, 5 (1): 31-36.
  • INDCs-Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, (2015) “Shifting from ‘Intented’ to ‘Implemented’-What’s Required For The INDCs”, https://cdkn.org/story/feature-shifting-from-intended-to-implemented-whats-required-for-the-indcs, (21.12.2022).
  • IDCM-Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, (2024) https://www.internal-displacement.org/database/displacement-data, (15.04.2024).
  • International Agreements and Contracts, (2024) “General Directorate of European Union and Foreign Relations”, https://ab.csb.gov.tr/sozlesmeler-i-98916, (25.04.2024).
  • IPCC-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, (2001) “Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis” Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/WGI_TAR_full_report.pdf, (20.12.2022).
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  • Kayaer, M., (2012) “Hukuksal Araçlarla Çevrenin Korunması”, PhD Thesis, Sakarya University Institute of Social Sciences, Sakarya.
  • NASA, (2010) “Is Current Warming Natural?” https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming/page4.php, (11.12.2022).
  • NCCAP-National Climate Change Action Plan 2011-2023, (2012) Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/iklim/editordosya/file/eylem%20planlari/iklim_degisikligi_eylem_plani_EN_2014.pdf, (20.11.2022).
  • NCCASAP-National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan 2011-2023, (2012) Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/iklim/editordosya/file/eylem%20planlari/uyum_stratejisi_eylem_plani_EN_Final.pdf, (20.11.2022).
  • Nordhaus, W., (2020) “İklim Kumarı, Isınan Dünyada Risk, Belirsizlik ve İktisat”, (çev. C. Mizrahi), Doğan Kitap, İstanbul.
  • Our History, (2024) Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change, https://www.csb.gov.tr/tarihcemiz-i-7012, (25.04.2024).
  • Organization Chart, (2022) Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change, https://www.csb.gov.tr/en/organization-schema, (20.11.2022).
  • Regulations, (2022) Directorate of Climate Change, https://iklim.gov.tr/yonetmelikler-i-24, (20.11.2022).
  • Renewable Energy Legislation, (2024) Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, https://enerji.gov.tr/kurumsal-mevzuat, (25.04.2024).
  • Republic of Türkiye Official Journal, (2020) Türkiye Çevre Ajansının Kurulması ile Bazı Kanunlarda Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Kanun, https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/12/20201230-10.htm, (05.12.2022).
  • Smit, B., Burton, I., Klein, R.J.T. and Wandel, J. (2000) “An Anatomy of Adaptation to Climate Change and Variability”, Climatic Change, 45 (1): 223-251.
  • Statista, (2024) Carbon Dioxide Emissions of the Most Polluting Countries Worldwide in 2010 and 2022”, https://www.statista.com/statistics/270499/co2-emissions-in-selected-countries/, (15.04.2024).
  • Şahin, Ü., Tör, O. B., Kat, B., Teimourzadeh, S., Demirkol, K., Künar, A., Voyvoda, E., Yeldan, E. (2021) “Türkiye’nin Karbonsuzlaşma Yol Haritası 2050’de Net Sıfır”, The Istanbul Policy Center (IPC)-Sabancı University-Stiftung Mercator Initiative, https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20211103-19115588.pdf, (24.05.2022).
  • Talu, N. (2015) “Türkiye’de İklim Değişikliği Siyaseti”, Phoenix Yayınları, İstanbul. The Climate Action Tracker (2023) “Türkiye: Overall Rating”, https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/turkey/, (09.06.2024).
  • The Kyoto Protocol, (1997) Directorate of Climate Change, https://iklim.gov.tr/kyoto-protokolu-i-35, (01.12.2022).
  • The Montreal Protocol, (1987) Directorate of Climate Change, https://iklim.gov.tr/montreal-protokolu-i-38, (01.12.2022).
  • The Paris Agreement, (2015) Directorate of Climate Change, https://iklim.gov.tr/paris-anlasmasi-i-34, (20.11.2022).
  • The Vienna Convention, (1985) Directorate of Climate Change, https://iklim.gov.tr/viyana-sozlesmesi-i-36, (01.12.2022).
  • TURKSTAT-Turkish Statistical Institute, (2022) “Greenhouse Gas Emissions Statistics” https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Sera-Gazi-Emisyon-Istatistikleri-1990-2020-45862, (19.04.2024).
  • Türkeş, M. (2022) “IPCC’nin Yeni Yayımlanan İklim Değişikliğinin Etkileri, Uyum ve Etkilenebilirlik Raporu Bize Neler Söylüyor?”, Resilience, 6 (1), 197-207. Doi: 10.32569/resilience.1098946 TÜSİAD-Turkish Industry and Business Association (2020) “Ekonomik Göstergeler Merceğinden Yeni İklim Rejimi”, https://tusiad.org/tr/yayinlar/raporlar/item/10633-ekonomik-gostergeler-merceginden-yeni-i-klim-rejimi-raporu, (09.06.2024).
  • United Nations, (1990) “Second World Climate Conference” United Nations https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/docs/1990/un/eng/a45696a1.pdf, (14.12.2022).
  • United Nations, (1992) “United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change” United Nations https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/conveng.pdf, (14.12.2022).
  • WUR-Wageningen University and Research, (2018) “Causes of Climate Change” https://www.wur.nl/en/show-longread/climate-change-longread.htm, (19.12.2022).

Year 2024, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 44 - 65, 06.07.2024

Salih Çiftçi , Mesut Kayaer

https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1258752

Abstract

References

  • AAS-Australian Academy of Science, (2018) “Are Human Activities Causing Climate Change?”, https://www.science.org.au/learning/general-audience/science-climate-change/3-are-human-activities-causing-climate-change, (10.12.2022).
  • Algedik, Ö. Bayar, H. İ., Biçer, B. E., Çelik, E., Keleş, M., Kocaman, H. and Talu, N. (2016) “TBMM’nin İklim Değişikliği Politikasındaki Rolü”, Global Balance, https://kureseldenge.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/TBMM_ve_iklim_degisikligi_raporu.pdf, (24.05.2022).
  • Baykal Fide, E. (2022) “Turkish Press Climate Crisis Coverage (2018–2019): Elements of Disconnect in Discourses and the Representation of Solutions”, New Perspectives on Turkey, 67: 32-56.
  • Circulars, (2022) “Directorate of Climate Change”, https://iklim.gov.tr/genelgeler-i-26, (20.11.2022).
  • Communiqués, (2022) Directorate of Climate Change, https://iklim.gov.tr/tebligler-i-25, (20.11.2022).
  • ECIU-Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit (2024) “Net Zero Emissions Race”, https://eciu.net/netzerotracker, (09.06.2024).
  • EPA-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (2010) “Climate Change and Ecosystems” EPA ht tps://clu-in.org/download/issues/ecotools/Climate_Change_Ecosystems.pdf, (20.12.2022).
  • Erdem, M. S. and Yenilmez, F. (2017). “Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği Çevre Politikalarına Uyum Sürecinin Değerlendirilmesi”, Optimum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 84/2, 91-119.
  • Ersoy, Ş. (2006) “Küremiz Isınıyor”, Bilim ve Ütopya, 139 (1): 5-13.
  • European Commission, (2018) “Causes of Climate Change” https://climate.ec.europa.eu/climate-change/causes-climate-change_en, (20.12.2022).
  • FRİEDRİCH, J., GE, M., PİCKENS, A. AND VİGNA L. (2023) “THİS INTERACTİVE CHART SHOWS CHANGES İN THE WORLD'S TOP 10 EMİTTERS”, WRI-WORLD RESOURCES INSTİTUTE, HTTPS://WWW.WRİ.ORG/İNSİGHTS/İNTERACTİVE-CHART-SHOWS-CHANGES-WORLDS-TOP-10-EMİTTERS, (09.06.2024).
  • Füssel, H. M. and Klein, R. J. T. (2006) “Climate Change Vulnerability Assessments: An Evolution of Conceptual Thinking”, Climatic Change, 75 (3): 301-329.
  • Huber, M. and Knutti, R. (2012) “Anthropogenic and Natural Warming Inferred From Changes in Earth’s Energy Balance”, Nature Geoscience, 5 (1): 31-36.
  • INDCs-Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, (2015) “Shifting from ‘Intented’ to ‘Implemented’-What’s Required For The INDCs”, https://cdkn.org/story/feature-shifting-from-intended-to-implemented-whats-required-for-the-indcs, (21.12.2022).
  • IDCM-Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, (2024) https://www.internal-displacement.org/database/displacement-data, (15.04.2024).
  • International Agreements and Contracts, (2024) “General Directorate of European Union and Foreign Relations”, https://ab.csb.gov.tr/sozlesmeler-i-98916, (25.04.2024).
  • IPCC-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, (2001) “Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis” Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/WGI_TAR_full_report.pdf, (20.12.2022).
  • IPCC-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, (2007a) “Climate Change 2007 Synthesis Report”, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ar4_syr_full_report.pdf, (19.12.2022).
  • IPCC-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, (2007b) “Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007”, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change https://archive.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/contents.html, (20.12.2022).
  • Kayaer, M., (2012) “Hukuksal Araçlarla Çevrenin Korunması”, PhD Thesis, Sakarya University Institute of Social Sciences, Sakarya.
  • NASA, (2010) “Is Current Warming Natural?” https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming/page4.php, (11.12.2022).
  • NCCAP-National Climate Change Action Plan 2011-2023, (2012) Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/iklim/editordosya/file/eylem%20planlari/iklim_degisikligi_eylem_plani_EN_2014.pdf, (20.11.2022).
  • NCCASAP-National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan 2011-2023, (2012) Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/iklim/editordosya/file/eylem%20planlari/uyum_stratejisi_eylem_plani_EN_Final.pdf, (20.11.2022).
  • Nordhaus, W., (2020) “İklim Kumarı, Isınan Dünyada Risk, Belirsizlik ve İktisat”, (çev. C. Mizrahi), Doğan Kitap, İstanbul.
  • Our History, (2024) Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change, https://www.csb.gov.tr/tarihcemiz-i-7012, (25.04.2024).
  • Organization Chart, (2022) Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change, https://www.csb.gov.tr/en/organization-schema, (20.11.2022).
  • Regulations, (2022) Directorate of Climate Change, https://iklim.gov.tr/yonetmelikler-i-24, (20.11.2022).
  • Renewable Energy Legislation, (2024) Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, https://enerji.gov.tr/kurumsal-mevzuat, (25.04.2024).
  • Republic of Türkiye Official Journal, (2020) Türkiye Çevre Ajansının Kurulması ile Bazı Kanunlarda Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Kanun, https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/12/20201230-10.htm, (05.12.2022).
  • Smit, B., Burton, I., Klein, R.J.T. and Wandel, J. (2000) “An Anatomy of Adaptation to Climate Change and Variability”, Climatic Change, 45 (1): 223-251.
  • Statista, (2024) Carbon Dioxide Emissions of the Most Polluting Countries Worldwide in 2010 and 2022”, https://www.statista.com/statistics/270499/co2-emissions-in-selected-countries/, (15.04.2024).
  • Şahin, Ü., Tör, O. B., Kat, B., Teimourzadeh, S., Demirkol, K., Künar, A., Voyvoda, E., Yeldan, E. (2021) “Türkiye’nin Karbonsuzlaşma Yol Haritası 2050’de Net Sıfır”, The Istanbul Policy Center (IPC)-Sabancı University-Stiftung Mercator Initiative, https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20211103-19115588.pdf, (24.05.2022).
  • Talu, N. (2015) “Türkiye’de İklim Değişikliği Siyaseti”, Phoenix Yayınları, İstanbul. The Climate Action Tracker (2023) “Türkiye: Overall Rating”, https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/turkey/, (09.06.2024).
  • The Kyoto Protocol, (1997) Directorate of Climate Change, https://iklim.gov.tr/kyoto-protokolu-i-35, (01.12.2022).
  • The Montreal Protocol, (1987) Directorate of Climate Change, https://iklim.gov.tr/montreal-protokolu-i-38, (01.12.2022).
  • The Paris Agreement, (2015) Directorate of Climate Change, https://iklim.gov.tr/paris-anlasmasi-i-34, (20.11.2022).
  • The Vienna Convention, (1985) Directorate of Climate Change, https://iklim.gov.tr/viyana-sozlesmesi-i-36, (01.12.2022).
  • TURKSTAT-Turkish Statistical Institute, (2022) “Greenhouse Gas Emissions Statistics” https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Sera-Gazi-Emisyon-Istatistikleri-1990-2020-45862, (19.04.2024).
  • Türkeş, M. (2022) “IPCC’nin Yeni Yayımlanan İklim Değişikliğinin Etkileri, Uyum ve Etkilenebilirlik Raporu Bize Neler Söylüyor?”, Resilience, 6 (1), 197-207. Doi: 10.32569/resilience.1098946 TÜSİAD-Turkish Industry and Business Association (2020) “Ekonomik Göstergeler Merceğinden Yeni İklim Rejimi”, https://tusiad.org/tr/yayinlar/raporlar/item/10633-ekonomik-gostergeler-merceginden-yeni-i-klim-rejimi-raporu, (09.06.2024).
  • United Nations, (1990) “Second World Climate Conference” United Nations https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/docs/1990/un/eng/a45696a1.pdf, (14.12.2022).
  • United Nations, (1992) “United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change” United Nations https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/conveng.pdf, (14.12.2022).
  • WUR-Wageningen University and Research, (2018) “Causes of Climate Change” https://www.wur.nl/en/show-longread/climate-change-longread.htm, (19.12.2022).
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Salih Çiftçi 0000-0002-0574-2164

Mesut Kayaer 0000-0002-3682-5958

Early Pub Date July 5, 2024
Publication Date July 6, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 22 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Çiftçi, S., & Kayaer, M. (2024). TÜRKİYE’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE PROCESS IN FIGHTING CLIMATE CHANGE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF TURKISH ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 22(2), 44-65. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1258752
AMA Çiftçi S, Kayaer M. TÜRKİYE’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE PROCESS IN FIGHTING CLIMATE CHANGE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF TURKISH ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION. Journal of Management and Economics Research. July 2024;22(2):44-65. doi:10.11611/yead.1258752
Chicago Çiftçi, Salih, and Mesut Kayaer. “TÜRKİYE’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE PROCESS IN FIGHTING CLIMATE CHANGE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF TURKISH ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION”. Journal of Management and Economics Research 22, no. 2 (July 2024): 44-65. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1258752.
EndNote Çiftçi S, Kayaer M (July 1, 2024) TÜRKİYE’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE PROCESS IN FIGHTING CLIMATE CHANGE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF TURKISH ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION. Journal of Management and Economics Research 22 2 44–65.
IEEE S. Çiftçi and M. Kayaer, “TÜRKİYE’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE PROCESS IN FIGHTING CLIMATE CHANGE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF TURKISH ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION”, Journal of Management and Economics Research, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 44–65, 2024, doi: 10.11611/yead.1258752.
ISNAD Çiftçi, Salih - Kayaer, Mesut. “TÜRKİYE’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE PROCESS IN FIGHTING CLIMATE CHANGE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF TURKISH ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION”. Journal of Management and Economics Research 22/2 (July 2024), 44-65. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1258752.
JAMA Çiftçi S, Kayaer M. TÜRKİYE’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE PROCESS IN FIGHTING CLIMATE CHANGE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF TURKISH ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION. Journal of Management and Economics Research. 2024;22:44–65.
MLA Çiftçi, Salih and Mesut Kayaer. “TÜRKİYE’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE PROCESS IN FIGHTING CLIMATE CHANGE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF TURKISH ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION”. Journal of Management and Economics Research, vol. 22, no. 2, 2024, pp. 44-65, doi:10.11611/yead.1258752.
Vancouver Çiftçi S, Kayaer M. TÜRKİYE’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE PROCESS IN FIGHTING CLIMATE CHANGE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF TURKISH ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION. Journal of Management and Economics Research. 2024;22(2):44-65.