Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

EXAMINING MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS IN LIFESTYLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Year 2025, Volume: 23 Issue: 3, 201 - 230, 15.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1748799

Abstract

Entrepreneurial motivation research mostly examines the entrepreneur's goals and motivations to create wealth, create social value and make a living based on the income they generate. The aim of this research is to investigate the motivation sources of a new type of entrepreneur called lifestyle entrepreneurs (LE). Literature on LE have stated that they are individuals who enjoy doing the job they love or are in that place for this job and prioritize the creation and consumption of the opportunities their enterprises generate. In this article, the motivation sources of the founders of 22 lifestyle entrepreneurs located in Türkiye were examined. The activities they have focused on and carried out since the day they were founded and their motivations for their establishment purposes were discussed with qualitative methods. The findings of this study reveals that the motivations that influence lifestyle entrepreneurship are in search of self-actualization and authenticity, acting with social transformation and responsibility, emphasizing entrepreneurial motivations and processes, trying to balance work and life, psychodynamic motivations and emotional compensation, aesthetics, experience and desire for high life.

References

  • Ajide, F. M. (2020) “Infrastructure and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Africa”, Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 25 (03), 2050015.
  • Akarsu, O. (2021) “Girişimcilik yönelimini etkileyen faktörler nelerdir? Teknoparklarda Bir Araştırma”, Yayınlanmış Doktora Tezi, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
  • Akarsu, O. (2024) “Girişimcilerin Nedenini ve Nasılını Anlamak:“StoryBox” Üzerinden Bir Çözümleme”, Sosyal Mucit Academic Review, 5 (1): 50-93.
  • Akarsu, O. and Döven, M. S. (2022a) “Girişimci ve Girişimcilik Kavramları Üzerine Tarihsel Bir Değerlendirme: Tanımlarda Yer Alan Ortak Vurgular”, Yorum Yönetim Yöntem Uluslararası Yönetim Ekonomi ve Felsefe Dergisi, 10 (1): 1-24.
  • Akarsu, O. and Döven, M. S. (2022b) “Girişimcilik Yönelimini Etkileyen Faktörler: Teknoparklarda Bir Araştırma”, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23 (1): 143-164.
  • Al‐Jinini, D. K., Dahiyat, S. E., and Bontis, N. (2019) “Intellectual Capital, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Technical Innovation in Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises”, Knowledge and Process Management, 26 (2): 69-85.
  • Algesheimer, R., Borle, S., Dholakia, U. M., and Singh, S. S. (2010) “The Impact of Customer Community Participation on Customer Behaviors: An Empirical Investigation”, Marketing Science, 29 (4): 756-769.
  • Arzubiaga, U., Kotlar, J., De Massis, A., Maseda, A., and Iturralde, T. (2018) “Entrepreneurial Orientation and Innovation in Family SMEs: Unveiling The (Actual) Impact of The Board of Directors”, Journal of Business Venturing, 33 (4): 455-469.
  • Åstebro, T., Herz, H., Nanda, R., and Weber, R. A. (2014) “Seeking The Roots of Entrepreneurship: Insights from Behavioral Economics”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 28 (3): 49-70.
  • Ateljevic, I. and Doorne, S. (2000) “Staying Within The Fence: Lifestyle Entrepreneurship in Tourism”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8 (5): 378-392.
  • Audretsch, D. B., Heger, D., and Veith, T. (2015) “Infrastructure and Entrepreneurship”, Small Business Economics, 44: 219-230.
  • Benson, M. and O'reilly, K. (2009) “Migration and the Search for a Better Way of Life: A Critical Exploration of Lifestyle Migration”, The Sociological Review, 57 (4): 608-625.
  • Biernacki, P. and Waldorf, D. (1981) “Snowball Sampling: Problems and Techniques of Chain Referral Sampling”, Sociological Methods & Research, 10 (2): 141-163.
  • Blaese, R. and Liebig, B. (2021) “From a Deliberative to An Implementing Mindset: A Process-Oriented View of The Formation of Academic Entrepreneurial Intention”, The Open Psychology Journal, 14: 134-149.
  • Block, J. H., De Vries, G., Schumann, J. H., and Sandner, P. (2014) “Trademarks and Venture Capital Valuation”, Journal of Business Venturing, 29 (4): 525-542.
  • Bouette, M. and Magee, F. (2015) “Hobbyists, Artisans and Entrepreneurs: Investigating Business Support and Identifying Entrepreneurial Profiles in The Irish Craft Sector”, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 22 (2): 337-351.
  • Bredvold, R. and Skålén, P. (2016) “Lifestyle Entrepreneurs and Their Identity Construction: A Study of The Tourism Industry”, Tourism Management, 56: 96-105.
  • Carsrud, A. and Brännback, M. (2011) “Entrepreneurial Motivations: What Do We Still Need To Know?”, Journal of Small Business Management, 49 (1): 9-26.
  • Corbin, J. M. and Strauss, A. (1990) “Grounded Theory Research: Procedures, Canons, and Evaluative Criteria”, Qualitative Sociology, 13 (1): 3-21.
  • Coşkun, R. (2017) “Yönetim Organizasyon Kitaplarında Klasik Yönetime Atfedilen “Kapalı Sistem” Yakıştırmasına İtiraz: 1925 Yılından Önce Yazılmış Seçilmiş Kitaplarda “Açık Sistem” İmaları Üzerine Nitel Bir Çözümleme”. 8. Uluslararası Balkanlarda Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi: 357-371. Köstence, Romanya.
  • Cunha, C., Kastenholz, E., and Carneiro, M. J. (2020) “Entrepreneurs in Rural Tourism: Do Lifestyle Motivations Contribute To Management Practices That Enhance Sustainable Entrepreneurial Ecosystems?”, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 44: 215-226.
  • De Clercq, D., Thongpapanl, N., and Voronov, M. (2018) “Sustainability in The Face of Institutional Adversity: Market Turbulence, Network Embeddedness, and Innovative Orientation”, Journal of Business Ethics, 148 (2): 437-455.
  • De Massis, A. and Rondi, E. (2020) “COVID‐19 and The Future of Family Business Research”, Journal of Management Studies, 57 (8): 1727-1731.
  • Demetry, D. (2017) “Pop-up to Professional: Emerging Entrepreneurial Identity and Evolving Vocabularies of Motive”, Academy of Management Discoveries, 3 (2): 187-207.
  • Despotovic, W. V., Hutchings, K., and McPhail, R. (2025) “Business, Pleasure or Both?: Motivations and Changing Motivation of Self-Initiated Expatriates”, Journal of Management & Organization, 31 (4): 2114-2139.
  • Diallo, B. (2019) “Entrepreneurship and Genetics: New Evidence”, Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 11: e00123.
  • Duxén, J. and Nilsson, A (2014) “Entrepreneurship in Artistic Vocations to Maintain a Preferred Lifestyle A Qualitative Study on Swedish Artists in Österlen”. Master's Thesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
  • Edelman, L. F., Manolova, T., Shirokova, G., and Tsukanova, T. (2016) “The Impact of Family Support on Young Entrepreneurs' Start-Up Activities”, Journal of Business Venturing, 31 (4): 428-448.
  • Eikhof, D. R. and Haunschild, A. (2006) “Lifestyle Meets Market: Bohemian Entrepreneurs in Creative Industries”, Creativity and Innovation Management, 15 (3): 234-241.
  • Eshima, Y. and Anderson, B. S. (2017) “Firm Growth, Adaptive Capability, and Entrepreneurial Orientation”, Strategic Management Journal, 38 (3): 770-779.
  • Flick, U. (2022) “An Introduction to Qualitative Research”. The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research Design. SAGE Publications Ltd., doi.org/10.4135/9781529770278.
  • Frese, M. and Gielnik, M. M. (2023) “The Psychology of Entrepreneurship: Action and Process”, Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 10 (1): 137-164.
  • Frey, B. S. and Neckermann, S. (2008) “Awards: A View from Psychological Economics”, Zeitschrift für Psychologie/Journal of Psychology, 216 (4): 198-208.
  • Fritsch, M. and Storey, D. J. (2014) “Entrepreneurship in A Regional Context: Historical Roots, Recent Developments and Future Challenges”, Regional Studies, 48 (6): 939-954.
  • Gaddefors, J. and Anderson, A. R. (2017) “Entrepreneursheep and Context: When Entrepreneurship is Greater Than Entrepreneurs”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 23 (2): 267-278.
  • García-Villaverde, P. M., Rodrigo-Alarcón, J., Parra-Requena, G., and Ruiz-Ortega, M. J. (2018) “Technological Dynamism and Entrepreneurial Orientation: The Heterogeneous Effects of Social Capital”, Journal of Business Research, 83: 51-64.
  • Gast, J., Gundolf, K., and Cesinger, B. (2017) “Doing Business in A Green Way: A Systematic Review of The Ecological Sustainability Entrepreneurship Literature and Future Research Directions”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 147: 44-56.
  • Ghatak, A. and Bhowmick, B. (2022) “Should I Start My Own Venture? Moderating Effect of Pull Factors on The Relationship of Push Factors With Women Entrepreneurial Intentions”, Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 12 (3): 299-327.
  • Golafshani, N. (2003) “Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research”, The Qualitative Report, 8 (4): 597-607.
  • Gomes, S., Ferreira, J. J., and Lopes, J. M. (2023) “Entrepreneurial Conditions and Economic Growth in Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Evidence from OECD Countries”. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 14657503231156340.
  • Goodman, J. S., Wood, R. E., and Hendrickx, M. (2004) “Feedback Specificity, Exploration, and Learning”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 89 (2): 248-262.
  • Goss, D. (2005) “Schumpeter's Legacy? Interaction and Emotions in The Sociology of Entrepreneurship”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29 (2): 205-218.
  • Grusky, D. (2019) “Social Stratification, Class, Race, and Gender in Sociological Perspective”. Routledge. Guba, E. G. (1981) “Criteria For Assessing The Trustworthiness of Naturalistic Inquiries”, Ectj, 29 (2): 75-91.
  • Guercini, S. and Ceccarelli, D. (2020) “Passion Driving Entrepreneurship and Lifestyle Migration: Insights from The Lutherie of Cremona”, Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 18 (3): 373-392.
  • Gümüşay, A. A. (2018) “Unpacking Entrepreneurial Opportunities: An Institutional Logics Perspective”, Innovation, 20 (3): 209-222.
  • Hassan, A., Anwar, I., Saleem, I., Islam, K. B., and Hussain, S. A. (2021) “Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation, Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intention: The Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Motivations”, Industry and Higher Education, 35 (4): 403-418.
  • Hassan, A., Anwar, I., Saleem, I., Islam, K. B., and Hussain, S. A. (2021) “Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation, Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intention: The Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Motivations”, Industry and Higher Education, 35 (4): 403-418.
  • Hennink, M. and Kaiser, B. N. (2022) “Sample Sizes For Saturation in Qualitative Research: A Systematic Review of Empirical Tests”, Social Science & Medicine, 292: 114523.
  • Henricks, M. (2003) “Not Just A Living: The Complete Guide to Creating A Business That Gives You A Life”. (No. 26267). Perseus.
  • Ivanycheva, D., Schulze, W. S., Lundmark, E., and Chirico, F. (2024) “Lifestyle Entrepreneurship: Literature Review and Future Research Agenda”, Journal of Management Studies, 61 (5): 2251-2286.
  • J Stanković, J., Marjanović, I., Milanović, S., and Jovanović Vujatović, M. (2022) “Determinants of Entrepreneurial Dynamics: The Case of The European Union”, Zbornik Radova Ekonomskog Fakulteta u Rijeci: časopis Za Ekonomsku Teoriju i Praksu, 40 (2): 329-351.
  • Kadile, V. and Biraglia, A. (2022) “From Hobby to Business: Exploring Environmental Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Alertness Using fsQCA”, Journal of Small Business Management, 60 (3): 580-615.
  • Keskin, N. (2020) “İşletme Tarihi’nde Bir Araştırma Alanı Olarak Girişimcilik Kavramı: Kökenleri, Evrimi, Kültür ve Değerler Üzerindeki Etkisine Yönelik Bir Değerlendirme”, Adam Academy Journal of Social Sciences, 10 (2): 357-376.
  • Korpela, M. (2020) “Searching for A Countercultural Life Abroad: Neo-Nomadism, Lifestyle Mobility or Bohemian Lifestyle Migration?”, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46 (15): 3352-3369.
  • Kuhn, K. M. and Galloway, T. L. (2015) “With a Little Help from My Competitors: Peer Networking among Artisan Entrepreneurs”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39 (3): 571-600.
  • Lanchimba, C., Windsperger, J., and Fadairo, M. (2018) “Entrepreneurial Orientation, Risk and Incentives: The Case of Franchising”, Small Business Economics, 50 (1): 163-180.
  • Liu, S., Wang, S., Wen, H., He, C., and Liu, H. (2024) “Public Support Policies and Entrepreneurship in Less-Developed Areas: A Study of China’s Revolutionary Base Areas”, Economic Change and Restructuring, 57 (4): 140.
  • Mathias, B. D., Solomon, S. J., and Madison, K. (2017) “After The Harvest: A Stewardship Perspective on Entrepreneurship and Philanthropy”, Journal of Business Venturing, 32 (4): 385-404.
  • McKenny, A. F., Short, J. C., Ketchen Jr, D. J., Payne, G. T., and Moss, T. W. (2018) “Strategic Entrepreneurial Orientation: Configurations, Performance, and The Effects of Industry and Time”, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 12 (4): 504-521.
  • Milanesi, M. (2018) “Exploring Passion in Hobby-Related Entrepreneurship. Evidence from Italian Cases”, Journal of Business Research, 92: 423-430.
  • Mody, M., Day, J., Sydnor, S., and Jaffe, W. (2016) “Examining The Motivations for Social Entrepreneurship Using Max Weber’s Typology of Rationality”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28 (6): 1094-1114.
  • Mullainathan, S. and Thaler, R. H. (2000) “Behavioral Economics”. In: National Bureau of Economic Research Cambridge, Mass., USA.
  • Mwita, K. (2022) “Factors Influencing Data Saturation in Qualitative Studies”, International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 11 (4): 414-420.
  • Naderifar, M., Goli, H., and Ghaljaie, F. (2017) “Snowball Sampling: A Purposeful Method of Sampling in Qualitative Research”, Strides in Development of Medical Education, 14 (3): 1-6.
  • Naumann, C. (2017) “Entrepreneurial Mindset: A Synthetic Literature Review”, Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 5 (3): 149-172.
  • Parker, C., Scott, S., and Geddes, A. (2019) “Snowball Sampling”, SAGE Research Methods Foundations. Patton, M. Q. (1999) “Enhancing The Quality and Credibility of Qualitative Analysis”, Health Services Research, 34 (5 Pt 2): 1189.
  • Pidduck, R. J., Clark, D. R., and Lumpkin, G. (2023) “Entrepreneurial Mindset: Dispositional Beliefs, Opportunity Beliefs, and Entrepreneurial Behavior”, Journal of Small Business Management, 61 (1): 45-79.
  • Pidduck, R. J., Hechavarria, D., and Patel, A. (2024) “Cultural Tightness Emancipation and Venture Profitability: An International Experience Lens”, Journal of Business Research, 172: 114363.
  • Pidduck, R. J., Townsend, D. M., and Busenitz, L. W. (2024) “Non-probabilistic Reasoning in Navigating Entrepreneurial Uncertainty: A Psychology of Religious Faith Lens”, Journal of Business Venturing, 39 (4): 106392.
  • Rahman, M. Z., Ullah, F., and Thompson, P. (2024) “Religion, Personality Traits and The Nature of Entrepreneurial Activities: Insights from Scottish Muslim Entrepreneurs”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 30 (6): 1372-1399.
  • Sahi, G. K., Gupta, M. C., Cheng, T., and Lonial, S. C. (2019) “Relating Entrepreneurial Orientation with Operational Responsiveness”, International Journal of Operations & Production Management. 39 (5): 739-766.
  • Schulze, W., Ireland, R. D., Chirico, F., Eddleston, K., Lundmark, E., and Aversa, P. (2024) “Lifestyle Entrepreneurship: Turning What You Love into A Business”, Journal of Management Studies (JMS Special Issue Calls): 1-9.
  • Stanley, L. J., Hernández-Linares, R., López-Fernández, M. C., and Kellermanns, F. W. (2019) “A Typology of Family Firms: An Investigation of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance”, Family Business Review, 32 (2): 174-194.
  • Summatavet, K. and Raudsaar, M. (2015) “Cultural Heritage and Entrepreneurship–Inspiration for Novel Ventures Creation”, Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 9 (1): 31-44.
  • Ugolotti, N. D. M. and Caudwell, J. (2021) “Leisure and Forced Migration: Lives Lived in Asylum Systems”. In Leisure and Forced Migration (pp. 1-18). Routledge.
  • van Rijnsoever, F. J. (2017) “(I Can’t Get No) Saturation: A Simulation and Guidelines for Sample Sizes in Qualitative Research”, PloS one, 12 (7): e0181689.
  • Vaznyte, E. and Andries, P. (2019) “Entrepreneurial Orientation and Start-Ups' External Financing”, Journal of Business Venturing, 34 (3): 439-458.
  • Virtanen, M. (1997) “The Role of Different Theories in Explaining Entrepreneurship”. In Kunkel, S (ed.), Entrepreneurship: The Engine of Global Economic Development. Journal of Best Papers of the 42nd World Conference, International Council for Small Business 1997. San Francisco, June 1997.
  • Vladasel, T. (2018) “Same, but Different?: Birth Order, Family Size, and Sibling Sex Composition Effects in Entrepreneurship”, Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI), Working Paper, 8.
  • Wang, T., Wang, Y., and Mu, W. (2022) “The Effect of Birth Order on Entrepreneurship: Evidence from China”, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 34 (1-2): 179-208.
  • Welter, F. and Gartner, W. B. (2016) “A Research Agenda for Entrepreneurship and Context”. Edward Elgar Publishing. Elgar Research Agendas, doi.org/10.4337/9781784716844
  • Wesley, J. J. (2014) “The Qualitative Analysis of Political Documents”. In from text to political positions (pp. 135-160). John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Wiklund, J., Nikolaev, B., Shir, N., Foo, M.-D., and Bradley, S. (2019) “Entrepreneurship and Well-Being: Past, Present, and Future”, Journal of Business Venturing, 34 (4): 579-588.
  • Williams, M. and Moser, T. (2019) “The Art of Coding and Thematic Exploration in Qualitative Research”, International Management Review, 15 (1): 45-55.
  • Wood, L. M., Sebar, B., and Vecchio, N. (2020) “Application of Rigour and Credibility in Qualitative Document Analysis: Lessons Learnt from A Case Study”, The Qualitative Report, 25 (2): 456-470.
  • Yağar, F. and Dökme, S. (2018) “Niteliksel Araştirmalarin Planlanmasi: Araştirma Sorulari, Örneklem Seçimi, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik”, Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3 (3): 1-9.
  • Yang, H., Dess, G. G., and Robins, J. A. (2019) “Does Entrepreneurial Orientation Always Pay Off? The Role of Resource Mobilization within and Across Organizations”, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 36 (3): 565-591.

YAŞAM TARZI GİRİŞİMCİLİĞİNDE MOTİVASYONEL FAKTÖRLERİN İNCELENMESİ: NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Year 2025, Volume: 23 Issue: 3, 201 - 230, 15.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1748799

Abstract

Girişimci motivasyon araştırmaları çoğunlukla girişimcinin servet yaratma, sosyal değer yaratma ve elde ettiği gelire dayalı geçimini sağlama hedeflerini ve motivasyonlarını inceler. Bu araştırmanın amacı, yaşam tarzı girişimcileri (YA) olarak adlandırılan yeni bir girişimci türünün motivasyon kaynaklarını araştırmaktır. YA üzerine yapılan literatür, onların sevdikleri işi yapmaktan zevk alan veya bu iş için o konumda olan ve işletmelerinin yarattığı fırsatların yaratılmasını ve tüketilmesini önceliklendiren bireyler olduklarını belirtmektedir. Bu makalede, Türkiye'de bulunan 22 yaşam tarzı girişimcisinin kurucularının motivasyon kaynakları incelenmiştir. Kuruldukları günden bu yana odaklandıkları ve gerçekleştirdikleri faaliyetler ve kuruluş amaçlarına yönelik motivasyonları nitel yöntemlerle tartışılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, yaşam tarzı girişimciliğini etkileyen motivasyonların kendini gerçekleştirme ve özgünlük arayışı, sosyal dönüşüm ve sorumlulukla hareket etme, girişimci motivasyonlarını ve süreçlerini vurgulama, iş ve yaşam dengesini kurmaya çalışma, psikodinamik motivasyonlar ve duygusal tazminat, estetik, deneyim ve yüksek yaşam arzusu olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

References

  • Ajide, F. M. (2020) “Infrastructure and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Africa”, Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 25 (03), 2050015.
  • Akarsu, O. (2021) “Girişimcilik yönelimini etkileyen faktörler nelerdir? Teknoparklarda Bir Araştırma”, Yayınlanmış Doktora Tezi, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
  • Akarsu, O. (2024) “Girişimcilerin Nedenini ve Nasılını Anlamak:“StoryBox” Üzerinden Bir Çözümleme”, Sosyal Mucit Academic Review, 5 (1): 50-93.
  • Akarsu, O. and Döven, M. S. (2022a) “Girişimci ve Girişimcilik Kavramları Üzerine Tarihsel Bir Değerlendirme: Tanımlarda Yer Alan Ortak Vurgular”, Yorum Yönetim Yöntem Uluslararası Yönetim Ekonomi ve Felsefe Dergisi, 10 (1): 1-24.
  • Akarsu, O. and Döven, M. S. (2022b) “Girişimcilik Yönelimini Etkileyen Faktörler: Teknoparklarda Bir Araştırma”, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23 (1): 143-164.
  • Al‐Jinini, D. K., Dahiyat, S. E., and Bontis, N. (2019) “Intellectual Capital, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Technical Innovation in Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises”, Knowledge and Process Management, 26 (2): 69-85.
  • Algesheimer, R., Borle, S., Dholakia, U. M., and Singh, S. S. (2010) “The Impact of Customer Community Participation on Customer Behaviors: An Empirical Investigation”, Marketing Science, 29 (4): 756-769.
  • Arzubiaga, U., Kotlar, J., De Massis, A., Maseda, A., and Iturralde, T. (2018) “Entrepreneurial Orientation and Innovation in Family SMEs: Unveiling The (Actual) Impact of The Board of Directors”, Journal of Business Venturing, 33 (4): 455-469.
  • Åstebro, T., Herz, H., Nanda, R., and Weber, R. A. (2014) “Seeking The Roots of Entrepreneurship: Insights from Behavioral Economics”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 28 (3): 49-70.
  • Ateljevic, I. and Doorne, S. (2000) “Staying Within The Fence: Lifestyle Entrepreneurship in Tourism”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8 (5): 378-392.
  • Audretsch, D. B., Heger, D., and Veith, T. (2015) “Infrastructure and Entrepreneurship”, Small Business Economics, 44: 219-230.
  • Benson, M. and O'reilly, K. (2009) “Migration and the Search for a Better Way of Life: A Critical Exploration of Lifestyle Migration”, The Sociological Review, 57 (4): 608-625.
  • Biernacki, P. and Waldorf, D. (1981) “Snowball Sampling: Problems and Techniques of Chain Referral Sampling”, Sociological Methods & Research, 10 (2): 141-163.
  • Blaese, R. and Liebig, B. (2021) “From a Deliberative to An Implementing Mindset: A Process-Oriented View of The Formation of Academic Entrepreneurial Intention”, The Open Psychology Journal, 14: 134-149.
  • Block, J. H., De Vries, G., Schumann, J. H., and Sandner, P. (2014) “Trademarks and Venture Capital Valuation”, Journal of Business Venturing, 29 (4): 525-542.
  • Bouette, M. and Magee, F. (2015) “Hobbyists, Artisans and Entrepreneurs: Investigating Business Support and Identifying Entrepreneurial Profiles in The Irish Craft Sector”, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 22 (2): 337-351.
  • Bredvold, R. and Skålén, P. (2016) “Lifestyle Entrepreneurs and Their Identity Construction: A Study of The Tourism Industry”, Tourism Management, 56: 96-105.
  • Carsrud, A. and Brännback, M. (2011) “Entrepreneurial Motivations: What Do We Still Need To Know?”, Journal of Small Business Management, 49 (1): 9-26.
  • Corbin, J. M. and Strauss, A. (1990) “Grounded Theory Research: Procedures, Canons, and Evaluative Criteria”, Qualitative Sociology, 13 (1): 3-21.
  • Coşkun, R. (2017) “Yönetim Organizasyon Kitaplarında Klasik Yönetime Atfedilen “Kapalı Sistem” Yakıştırmasına İtiraz: 1925 Yılından Önce Yazılmış Seçilmiş Kitaplarda “Açık Sistem” İmaları Üzerine Nitel Bir Çözümleme”. 8. Uluslararası Balkanlarda Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi: 357-371. Köstence, Romanya.
  • Cunha, C., Kastenholz, E., and Carneiro, M. J. (2020) “Entrepreneurs in Rural Tourism: Do Lifestyle Motivations Contribute To Management Practices That Enhance Sustainable Entrepreneurial Ecosystems?”, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 44: 215-226.
  • De Clercq, D., Thongpapanl, N., and Voronov, M. (2018) “Sustainability in The Face of Institutional Adversity: Market Turbulence, Network Embeddedness, and Innovative Orientation”, Journal of Business Ethics, 148 (2): 437-455.
  • De Massis, A. and Rondi, E. (2020) “COVID‐19 and The Future of Family Business Research”, Journal of Management Studies, 57 (8): 1727-1731.
  • Demetry, D. (2017) “Pop-up to Professional: Emerging Entrepreneurial Identity and Evolving Vocabularies of Motive”, Academy of Management Discoveries, 3 (2): 187-207.
  • Despotovic, W. V., Hutchings, K., and McPhail, R. (2025) “Business, Pleasure or Both?: Motivations and Changing Motivation of Self-Initiated Expatriates”, Journal of Management & Organization, 31 (4): 2114-2139.
  • Diallo, B. (2019) “Entrepreneurship and Genetics: New Evidence”, Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 11: e00123.
  • Duxén, J. and Nilsson, A (2014) “Entrepreneurship in Artistic Vocations to Maintain a Preferred Lifestyle A Qualitative Study on Swedish Artists in Österlen”. Master's Thesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
  • Edelman, L. F., Manolova, T., Shirokova, G., and Tsukanova, T. (2016) “The Impact of Family Support on Young Entrepreneurs' Start-Up Activities”, Journal of Business Venturing, 31 (4): 428-448.
  • Eikhof, D. R. and Haunschild, A. (2006) “Lifestyle Meets Market: Bohemian Entrepreneurs in Creative Industries”, Creativity and Innovation Management, 15 (3): 234-241.
  • Eshima, Y. and Anderson, B. S. (2017) “Firm Growth, Adaptive Capability, and Entrepreneurial Orientation”, Strategic Management Journal, 38 (3): 770-779.
  • Flick, U. (2022) “An Introduction to Qualitative Research”. The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research Design. SAGE Publications Ltd., doi.org/10.4135/9781529770278.
  • Frese, M. and Gielnik, M. M. (2023) “The Psychology of Entrepreneurship: Action and Process”, Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 10 (1): 137-164.
  • Frey, B. S. and Neckermann, S. (2008) “Awards: A View from Psychological Economics”, Zeitschrift für Psychologie/Journal of Psychology, 216 (4): 198-208.
  • Fritsch, M. and Storey, D. J. (2014) “Entrepreneurship in A Regional Context: Historical Roots, Recent Developments and Future Challenges”, Regional Studies, 48 (6): 939-954.
  • Gaddefors, J. and Anderson, A. R. (2017) “Entrepreneursheep and Context: When Entrepreneurship is Greater Than Entrepreneurs”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 23 (2): 267-278.
  • García-Villaverde, P. M., Rodrigo-Alarcón, J., Parra-Requena, G., and Ruiz-Ortega, M. J. (2018) “Technological Dynamism and Entrepreneurial Orientation: The Heterogeneous Effects of Social Capital”, Journal of Business Research, 83: 51-64.
  • Gast, J., Gundolf, K., and Cesinger, B. (2017) “Doing Business in A Green Way: A Systematic Review of The Ecological Sustainability Entrepreneurship Literature and Future Research Directions”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 147: 44-56.
  • Ghatak, A. and Bhowmick, B. (2022) “Should I Start My Own Venture? Moderating Effect of Pull Factors on The Relationship of Push Factors With Women Entrepreneurial Intentions”, Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 12 (3): 299-327.
  • Golafshani, N. (2003) “Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research”, The Qualitative Report, 8 (4): 597-607.
  • Gomes, S., Ferreira, J. J., and Lopes, J. M. (2023) “Entrepreneurial Conditions and Economic Growth in Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Evidence from OECD Countries”. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 14657503231156340.
  • Goodman, J. S., Wood, R. E., and Hendrickx, M. (2004) “Feedback Specificity, Exploration, and Learning”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 89 (2): 248-262.
  • Goss, D. (2005) “Schumpeter's Legacy? Interaction and Emotions in The Sociology of Entrepreneurship”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29 (2): 205-218.
  • Grusky, D. (2019) “Social Stratification, Class, Race, and Gender in Sociological Perspective”. Routledge. Guba, E. G. (1981) “Criteria For Assessing The Trustworthiness of Naturalistic Inquiries”, Ectj, 29 (2): 75-91.
  • Guercini, S. and Ceccarelli, D. (2020) “Passion Driving Entrepreneurship and Lifestyle Migration: Insights from The Lutherie of Cremona”, Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 18 (3): 373-392.
  • Gümüşay, A. A. (2018) “Unpacking Entrepreneurial Opportunities: An Institutional Logics Perspective”, Innovation, 20 (3): 209-222.
  • Hassan, A., Anwar, I., Saleem, I., Islam, K. B., and Hussain, S. A. (2021) “Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation, Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intention: The Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Motivations”, Industry and Higher Education, 35 (4): 403-418.
  • Hassan, A., Anwar, I., Saleem, I., Islam, K. B., and Hussain, S. A. (2021) “Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation, Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intention: The Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Motivations”, Industry and Higher Education, 35 (4): 403-418.
  • Hennink, M. and Kaiser, B. N. (2022) “Sample Sizes For Saturation in Qualitative Research: A Systematic Review of Empirical Tests”, Social Science & Medicine, 292: 114523.
  • Henricks, M. (2003) “Not Just A Living: The Complete Guide to Creating A Business That Gives You A Life”. (No. 26267). Perseus.
  • Ivanycheva, D., Schulze, W. S., Lundmark, E., and Chirico, F. (2024) “Lifestyle Entrepreneurship: Literature Review and Future Research Agenda”, Journal of Management Studies, 61 (5): 2251-2286.
  • J Stanković, J., Marjanović, I., Milanović, S., and Jovanović Vujatović, M. (2022) “Determinants of Entrepreneurial Dynamics: The Case of The European Union”, Zbornik Radova Ekonomskog Fakulteta u Rijeci: časopis Za Ekonomsku Teoriju i Praksu, 40 (2): 329-351.
  • Kadile, V. and Biraglia, A. (2022) “From Hobby to Business: Exploring Environmental Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Alertness Using fsQCA”, Journal of Small Business Management, 60 (3): 580-615.
  • Keskin, N. (2020) “İşletme Tarihi’nde Bir Araştırma Alanı Olarak Girişimcilik Kavramı: Kökenleri, Evrimi, Kültür ve Değerler Üzerindeki Etkisine Yönelik Bir Değerlendirme”, Adam Academy Journal of Social Sciences, 10 (2): 357-376.
  • Korpela, M. (2020) “Searching for A Countercultural Life Abroad: Neo-Nomadism, Lifestyle Mobility or Bohemian Lifestyle Migration?”, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46 (15): 3352-3369.
  • Kuhn, K. M. and Galloway, T. L. (2015) “With a Little Help from My Competitors: Peer Networking among Artisan Entrepreneurs”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39 (3): 571-600.
  • Lanchimba, C., Windsperger, J., and Fadairo, M. (2018) “Entrepreneurial Orientation, Risk and Incentives: The Case of Franchising”, Small Business Economics, 50 (1): 163-180.
  • Liu, S., Wang, S., Wen, H., He, C., and Liu, H. (2024) “Public Support Policies and Entrepreneurship in Less-Developed Areas: A Study of China’s Revolutionary Base Areas”, Economic Change and Restructuring, 57 (4): 140.
  • Mathias, B. D., Solomon, S. J., and Madison, K. (2017) “After The Harvest: A Stewardship Perspective on Entrepreneurship and Philanthropy”, Journal of Business Venturing, 32 (4): 385-404.
  • McKenny, A. F., Short, J. C., Ketchen Jr, D. J., Payne, G. T., and Moss, T. W. (2018) “Strategic Entrepreneurial Orientation: Configurations, Performance, and The Effects of Industry and Time”, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 12 (4): 504-521.
  • Milanesi, M. (2018) “Exploring Passion in Hobby-Related Entrepreneurship. Evidence from Italian Cases”, Journal of Business Research, 92: 423-430.
  • Mody, M., Day, J., Sydnor, S., and Jaffe, W. (2016) “Examining The Motivations for Social Entrepreneurship Using Max Weber’s Typology of Rationality”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28 (6): 1094-1114.
  • Mullainathan, S. and Thaler, R. H. (2000) “Behavioral Economics”. In: National Bureau of Economic Research Cambridge, Mass., USA.
  • Mwita, K. (2022) “Factors Influencing Data Saturation in Qualitative Studies”, International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 11 (4): 414-420.
  • Naderifar, M., Goli, H., and Ghaljaie, F. (2017) “Snowball Sampling: A Purposeful Method of Sampling in Qualitative Research”, Strides in Development of Medical Education, 14 (3): 1-6.
  • Naumann, C. (2017) “Entrepreneurial Mindset: A Synthetic Literature Review”, Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 5 (3): 149-172.
  • Parker, C., Scott, S., and Geddes, A. (2019) “Snowball Sampling”, SAGE Research Methods Foundations. Patton, M. Q. (1999) “Enhancing The Quality and Credibility of Qualitative Analysis”, Health Services Research, 34 (5 Pt 2): 1189.
  • Pidduck, R. J., Clark, D. R., and Lumpkin, G. (2023) “Entrepreneurial Mindset: Dispositional Beliefs, Opportunity Beliefs, and Entrepreneurial Behavior”, Journal of Small Business Management, 61 (1): 45-79.
  • Pidduck, R. J., Hechavarria, D., and Patel, A. (2024) “Cultural Tightness Emancipation and Venture Profitability: An International Experience Lens”, Journal of Business Research, 172: 114363.
  • Pidduck, R. J., Townsend, D. M., and Busenitz, L. W. (2024) “Non-probabilistic Reasoning in Navigating Entrepreneurial Uncertainty: A Psychology of Religious Faith Lens”, Journal of Business Venturing, 39 (4): 106392.
  • Rahman, M. Z., Ullah, F., and Thompson, P. (2024) “Religion, Personality Traits and The Nature of Entrepreneurial Activities: Insights from Scottish Muslim Entrepreneurs”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 30 (6): 1372-1399.
  • Sahi, G. K., Gupta, M. C., Cheng, T., and Lonial, S. C. (2019) “Relating Entrepreneurial Orientation with Operational Responsiveness”, International Journal of Operations & Production Management. 39 (5): 739-766.
  • Schulze, W., Ireland, R. D., Chirico, F., Eddleston, K., Lundmark, E., and Aversa, P. (2024) “Lifestyle Entrepreneurship: Turning What You Love into A Business”, Journal of Management Studies (JMS Special Issue Calls): 1-9.
  • Stanley, L. J., Hernández-Linares, R., López-Fernández, M. C., and Kellermanns, F. W. (2019) “A Typology of Family Firms: An Investigation of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance”, Family Business Review, 32 (2): 174-194.
  • Summatavet, K. and Raudsaar, M. (2015) “Cultural Heritage and Entrepreneurship–Inspiration for Novel Ventures Creation”, Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 9 (1): 31-44.
  • Ugolotti, N. D. M. and Caudwell, J. (2021) “Leisure and Forced Migration: Lives Lived in Asylum Systems”. In Leisure and Forced Migration (pp. 1-18). Routledge.
  • van Rijnsoever, F. J. (2017) “(I Can’t Get No) Saturation: A Simulation and Guidelines for Sample Sizes in Qualitative Research”, PloS one, 12 (7): e0181689.
  • Vaznyte, E. and Andries, P. (2019) “Entrepreneurial Orientation and Start-Ups' External Financing”, Journal of Business Venturing, 34 (3): 439-458.
  • Virtanen, M. (1997) “The Role of Different Theories in Explaining Entrepreneurship”. In Kunkel, S (ed.), Entrepreneurship: The Engine of Global Economic Development. Journal of Best Papers of the 42nd World Conference, International Council for Small Business 1997. San Francisco, June 1997.
  • Vladasel, T. (2018) “Same, but Different?: Birth Order, Family Size, and Sibling Sex Composition Effects in Entrepreneurship”, Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI), Working Paper, 8.
  • Wang, T., Wang, Y., and Mu, W. (2022) “The Effect of Birth Order on Entrepreneurship: Evidence from China”, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 34 (1-2): 179-208.
  • Welter, F. and Gartner, W. B. (2016) “A Research Agenda for Entrepreneurship and Context”. Edward Elgar Publishing. Elgar Research Agendas, doi.org/10.4337/9781784716844
  • Wesley, J. J. (2014) “The Qualitative Analysis of Political Documents”. In from text to political positions (pp. 135-160). John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Wiklund, J., Nikolaev, B., Shir, N., Foo, M.-D., and Bradley, S. (2019) “Entrepreneurship and Well-Being: Past, Present, and Future”, Journal of Business Venturing, 34 (4): 579-588.
  • Williams, M. and Moser, T. (2019) “The Art of Coding and Thematic Exploration in Qualitative Research”, International Management Review, 15 (1): 45-55.
  • Wood, L. M., Sebar, B., and Vecchio, N. (2020) “Application of Rigour and Credibility in Qualitative Document Analysis: Lessons Learnt from A Case Study”, The Qualitative Report, 25 (2): 456-470.
  • Yağar, F. and Dökme, S. (2018) “Niteliksel Araştirmalarin Planlanmasi: Araştirma Sorulari, Örneklem Seçimi, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik”, Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3 (3): 1-9.
  • Yang, H., Dess, G. G., and Robins, J. A. (2019) “Does Entrepreneurial Orientation Always Pay Off? The Role of Resource Mobilization within and Across Organizations”, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 36 (3): 565-591.
There are 87 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Finance and Investment (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Osman Akarsu 0000-0002-0595-6795

Early Pub Date October 15, 2025
Publication Date October 15, 2025
Submission Date July 22, 2025
Acceptance Date September 17, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 23 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Akarsu, O. (2025). EXAMINING MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS IN LIFESTYLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH. Yönetim Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 23(3), 201-230. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1748799
AMA Akarsu O. EXAMINING MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS IN LIFESTYLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. October 2025;23(3):201-230. doi:10.11611/yead.1748799
Chicago Akarsu, Osman. “EXAMINING MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS IN LIFESTYLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH”. Yönetim Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi 23, no. 3 (October 2025): 201-30. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1748799.
EndNote Akarsu O (October 1, 2025) EXAMINING MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS IN LIFESTYLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi 23 3 201–230.
IEEE O. Akarsu, “EXAMINING MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS IN LIFESTYLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH”, Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 201–230, 2025, doi: 10.11611/yead.1748799.
ISNAD Akarsu, Osman. “EXAMINING MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS IN LIFESTYLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH”. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi 23/3 (October2025), 201-230. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1748799.
JAMA Akarsu O. EXAMINING MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS IN LIFESTYLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2025;23:201–230.
MLA Akarsu, Osman. “EXAMINING MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS IN LIFESTYLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH”. Yönetim Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 23, no. 3, 2025, pp. 201-30, doi:10.11611/yead.1748799.
Vancouver Akarsu O. EXAMINING MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS IN LIFESTYLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2025;23(3):201-30.