1. Formatting

• Manuscripts must be prepared using Microsoft Word.
• The font should be Times New Roman, size 11 pt.
• The text must be justified with 1.15 line spacing.
• Paragraphs should have a 1 cm indentation, with 6 pt spacing before each paragraph.
• Page margins (top, bottom, left, right) must be set to 3 cm.

• The introduction section should start on the second page.

  2. Headings

• The title of the manuscript should be in Times New Roman, 13 pt, bold, centered, and written in uppercase letters.
• Main and subheadings should be in 11 pt, bold, numbered, and capitalized.

• One line space should be left before each heading.

  3. Abstract and Keywords

• Turkish and English abstracts should be written in 10 pt font, single-spaced, and contain 150–200 words.
• “Abstract” headings should be in 11 pt.
• At least three keywords must be provided in both Turkish and English.

• JEL classification codes must also be included.

  4. Author Information

• Author(s) information should be provided in a footnote, including title, affiliation, email address, and ORCID ID.

• The corresponding author may be indicated.

  5. Footnotes

• Footnotes must be written in Times New Roman, 10 pt, single-spaced.

  6. Equations and Formulas

• Equations and formulas should be centered and numbered.

• Equation numbers should be written in parentheses and aligned to the right.

  7. Tables, Figures, and Graphs

• Tables, figures, and graphs must be included within the text, centered, and numbered.
• Titles should be bold, 10 pt, and capitalized.
• Sources must be indicated below tables, figures, and graphs.
• Tables must not be submitted as images.
• For probability notes in tables, symbols such as “a”, “b”, “c” or *, **, *** should be used (e.g., 0.000a).

• Figures and graphs must be in high resolution (minimum 300 DPI).

  8. Graphical Abstract (Optional)

• A graphical abstract may be included to visually represent the main findings of the study.

• It should be simple and visually effective.