VII.Yüzyılda Bizans-Sasani Hâkimiyet Mücadelesi Arasında Kalan Mukaddes Bir Şehir: KUDÜS

Year 2018, Volume: 10 Issue: 21, 54 - 71, 23.12.2018

Nathaniel Crouch

Abstract

Kadim bir geçmişe sahip olan Kudüs, bulunduğu jeopolitik konum ve sahip olduğu verimli topraklar nedeniyle, tarih boyunca birçok devletin ilgisini çekmiş ve uğruna büyük mücadelelerin verildiği bir şehir olmuştur. İsrail oğullarının şehre yerleşmeleriyle birlikte dinî kimliğiyle ön plana çıkmaya başlayan Kudüs, IV. yüzyıldan itibaren Hristiyanlık, VII. yüzyıldan itibaren ise İslamiyet nazarında kutsal kabul edilerek dünyada üç semavi din tarafından mukaddes kabul edilen tek şehir haline gelmiştir. Sahip olduğu dinî ve jeopolitik faktörler nedeniyle, tarihte belki de uğruna en fazla mücadele edilen şehir vasfına sahip olan Kudüs, Eski çağlardan günümüze kadar uzanan mücadeleler silsilesine sahne olmuştur. VII. yüzyıla gelindiğinde ise, Doğu’da birbirine rakip olarak ortaya çıkan Bizans ve Sasani gibi dönemin en güçlü iki imparatorluğunun çekişme alanlarından biri haline gelmiştir. Yaklaşık çeyrek asır içerisinde bu iki imparatorluk arasında iki kez el değiştiren Kudüs, bu iki imparatorluğun üstünlük mücadelesinin temel unsuru haline gelmiştir. Çalışmamızda, VII. yüzyılınen karakteristik hâkimiyet mücadelelerinden biri olan Bizans-Sasani savaşlarının Kudüs’e ve Kudüs’ün bu dönemdeki nüfusunu oluşturan Yahudi ve Hristiyanlara etkisini değerlendireceğiz

Keywords

Kudüs, Yahudilik, Hristiyanlık, Roma-Bizans, Sasaniler, Heraklius

A Holy City Within the Struggle of Sovereignty Between the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanids: Jarusalem

Abstract

Jerusalem, with its ancient history, has been a city that has attracted the attention of many states throughout the history and great struggles has been given for its sake because because of its geopolitical location and its fertile lands. Jerusalem, which started to come to the forefront with its religious identity with the settlements of the Israelites, by the IVth century Christianity, by the VIIthcentury and it has become the only city accepted as sacred by three heavenly religions. Because of its religious and geopolitical factors, Jerusalem has been the most contetsted city. It has been the scene of a series of struggles from ancient times to the present. When it came to the VIIth century, it became one of the contention fields of the two most powerful empires of the period:Byzantine Empire and Sassanids, which emerged as rivals in the East. Jerusalem, which has changed hands twice between these two empires in about a quarter century, has become the main element of the struggle of these two empires. In our study, we will evaluate the influence of the Byzantine-Sassanid wars, one of the most characteristic domination struggles of the VII. century, on Jerusalem and the Jews and Christians who formed the population of Jerusalem during this period

Keywords

Jerusalem, Judaism, Christianity, Roman-Byzantine, Sasanian, Heraklius

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