Panoptik Yaklaşım Işığında Alternatif Medya ve Değişken Özellikleri

Year 2023, , 259 - 281, 29.12.2023

Halil Saç , Nurcan Törenli

https://doi.org/10.55609/yenimedya.1364918

Abstract

Alternatif medya, son yıllarda akademik ilgiyi üzerine çeken ve bu sayede önemli bir yazınsal birikime ulaşan bir çalışma konusu olmakla birlikte, bir paradoksu da içinde barındırmaktadır: İlgili yazında ne tür faaliyetlerin alternatif medya kapsamında olduğu muğlaklığının bugüne kadar giderilememiş olması. Üstelik bu kısıtlılığı aşmak adına oluşturulan alternatif medya tipolojilerindeki yaklaşımlar bile birbirini dışlayıcı özellikler sunabilmekte ve muğlaklığı derinleştirebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada söz konusu muğlaklığa ve nasıl aşılabileceğine odaklanılmaktadır. Akabinde Bailey, Cammaerts ve Carpentier sundukları ‘panoptik yaklaşım’da farklı yaklaşımların birleştirilmesinin işlevsel olabileceğini ifade etmektedir. Ancak panoptik yaklaşım potansiyel alternatif medya özelliklerini sıralı ve sistematik bir liste halinde sunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada da panoptik yaklaşımdan hareketle, farklı tipolojilerindeki yaklaşımlarda ve literatürdeki diğer çalışmalarda değinilen özellikler Alternatif Medyanın Değişken Özellikleri isimli listede toplanmıştır. Listenin medya faaliyetlerinin alternatif medya olarak nitelendirilip nitelendirilemeyeceğinde fonksiyonel bir ‘turnusol kâğıdı’ olması beklenmektedir. Medya faaliyetleri, listedeki özelliklerin birkaçına değişken kombinasyonlar halinde sahip olup bu eksende alternatif medya olarak adlandırılabilir.

Keywords

Alternatif medya, Panoptik yaklaşım, Alternatif medyanın değişken özellikleri, Çatı terim, Alternatif medya tipolojileri

Supporting Institution

YOK

Alternative Media and Its Variable Characteristics in the Context of Panoptic Approach

Abstract

Although alternative media is a subject of study that has attracted academic attention in recent years and has thus reached a significant literary accumulation, it also contains a paradox: The fact that ambiguity of what kinds of activities fall within the scope of alternative media in the relevant literature has not been resolved to date. Moreover, even in alternative media typologies created to overcome this ambiguity, the approaches adopted can exhibit mutually exclusive characteristics, and this situation deepens the ambiguity instead of eliminating it. In this study, it's focused on this ambiguity and how it can be overcome. Bailey, Cammaerts, and Carpentier offer their “panoptic approach”, combining various approaches to determine alternative media activities. Although the panoptic approach provides a holistic understanding, it is thought to be deprived of an ordered and systematic list of potential alternative media characteristics. Based on the panoptic approach, this study has assembled the characteristics mentioned in different alternative media approaches and studies into a list called “Variable Characteristics of Alternative Media”. The list is expected to serve as a functional 'litmus paper' as to which media activities can and cannot be characterized as alternative media-specific and why. Media activities may have several of the characteristics in the list in varying combinations and thus be labeled as alternative media.

Keywords

Keywords: Alternative media, Panoptic approach, Variable characteristics of alternative media, Roof term, Alternative media typologies

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