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Metaverse Platformlarında Sanat: Zihnin Nihai Tuvali mi Yoksa Auranın Sonsuz Yitimi mi?

Year 2023, Issue: 15, 337 - 350, 29.12.2023

Abstract

İzleyicinin, sanat eserinin ve sanatçının dönüşümüne tanık olduğumuz dijital dönemde, sanat üzerine yapılan tartışmaların merkezinde sanatın anlamı yer alır. Walter Benjamin, teknolojiyle kopyalanabilir hale gelen sanat eserinin aurasını yitirdiğini söyler. Arthur C. Danto ise 1960’lardan itibaren ve özellikle de dijitalleşme ile birlikte sanatın estetik bir kaygısı olmadığını söyler. Bu bağlamda Metaverse içerisinde yer alan sanat eserlerinin bir estetik değeri ya da aurası olduğunu söylemek mümkün müdür? Metaverse’in zihnin yaratıcılığına uygun bir ortam hazırladığı söylenebilir mi? Yoksa Metaverse, auranın nihai yitimine mi neden olmuştur? Bu tartışma ekseninde, bu yazıda, ilk olarak Metaverse içerisinde sanatın nasıl dönüştüğü ve ne anlama geldiği, ardından bu çerçeveden yola çıkarak 4. Metaverse Sanat Haftası değerlendirilmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, çevrimiçi ortamları, insan topluluklarını veya kültürleri anlamaya yönelik olarak tercih edilen netnografi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Katılımcı gözlem yapılarak, bir Metaverse platformu olan Decentraland’de 19-23 Temmuz 2023 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilen 4. Metaverse Sanat Haftası’nın galerileri ve etkinlikleri beş gün boyunca takip edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, 1960'lardan itibaren ortaya çıkan ve dijitalleşme ile daha da belirginleşen sanatın sonunun mu geldiği tartışmalarının bir sonuca ulaştığı görülmektedir. Ernst Hans Gombrich’in “Sanat’ın Öyküsü” eserindeki, sanatın her dönemde, döneminin ruhuna uygun bir şekilde dönüşüm geçirdiği yönündeki değerlendirmelerini bu döneme de uyarlayabiliriz. Önceki dönemlerde olduğu gibi sanat bu dönemde de biçim değiştirmiştir. 2020’lerin sanatı, çağın ruhuna ve diğer toplumsal gelişmelere paralel bir şekilde geçici, estetik kaygısı olmayan, tek bir anlam barındırmayan, açık, dijital olanaklarla ve iletişim alanı ile bütünleşmiş, politik ve sorgulayıcı olabilen, müzik ve eğlence ile iç içe, performatif, etkileşimli ve merkeziyetsizdir.

References

  • Barrera, K. G., & Shah, D. (2023). Marketing in the Metaverse: Conceptual understanding, framework, and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 155, 113420.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1994). Simulacra and simulation. University of Michigan press.
  • Benjamin, W. (1935). The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction.
  • Bowen, J. P., & Giannini, T. (2022). Digital Experience in Art and Identity: The Metaverse calls.
  • Choi, H. S., & Kim, S. H. (2017). A content service deployment plan for metaverse museum exhibitions—Centering on the combination of beacons and HMDs. International Journal of Information Management, 37(1), 1519-1527.
  • Damar, M. (2021). Metaverse shape of your life for future: A bibliometric snapshot. Journal of Metaverse, 1(1), 1-8.
  • Danto, A. C. (1997/2014). Sanatın Sonundan Sonra. (Çev. Zeynep Demirsü). Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Decentraland (2023). Metaverse Art Week 2023: The metaverse is dead. Long live the metaverse. https://decentraland.org/blog/announcements/metaverse-art-week-2023-the-metaverse-is-dead-long-live-the-metaverse#:~:text=Coming%20to%20Decentraland%20July%2019,talks%2C%20tours%2C%20and%20parties.&text=Metaverse%20Art%20Week%20is%20back,in%20Decentraland%20July%2019%2D23! Erişim tarihi: 12.12.2023
  • Fischer, A. (2022). Architecture as art in Metaverse. Executive Master in Art Market Studies, University of Zurich.
  • Giannini, T., & Bowen, J. P. (2023). Museums and the Metaverse: New signs of computational art and life.
  • Gombrich, E. H. (1950/2019). Sanatın Öyküsü. Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Grossi, L. (2023). NFTs and Metaverse. An analisys from the point of view of contemporary art and design.
  • Guo, Y. (2023). Metaverse-enabled fine art appreciation: an aesthetic based on visual expression. International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, 71(3), 192-199.
  • Hurst, W., Spyrou, O., Tekinerdogan, B., & Krampe, C. (2023). Digital Art and the Metaverse: Benefits and Challenges. Future Internet, 15(6), 188.
  • Kayıhan, B. (2020). Gazeteciliğin Geleceği Açısından Second Life’daki Pratikler. Yeni Medya, 2020(8), 10-24.
  • Kim, J. (2021). Advertising in the metaverse: Research agenda. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 21(3), 141-144.
  • Kye, B., Han, N., Kim, E., Park, Y., & Jo, S. (2021). Educational applications of metaverse: possibilities and limitations. Journal of educational evaluation for health professions, 18.
  • Rauch, U. (2007, June). Who owns this space anyway? The Arts 3D VL Metaverse as a network of imagination. In EdMedia+ Innovate Learning (pp. 4249-4253). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
  • Tasa, U. B., & Görgülü, T. (2010). Meta-art: art of the 3-D user-created virtual worlds. Digital creativity, 21(2), 100-111.
  • Varinlioglu, G., Oguz, K., Turkmen, D., Ercan, I., & Damla, G. (2022). Work of Art in the Age of Metaverse. Legal Depot D/2022/14982/02, 447.
  • Wang, Y., Su, Z., Zhang, N., Xing, R., Liu, D., Luan, T. H., & Shen, X. (2022). A survey on metaverse: Fundamentals, security, and privacy. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.
  • Zhao, Y., Jiang, J., Chen, Y., Liu, R., Yang, Y., Xue, X., & Chen, S. (2022). Metaverse: Perspectives from graphics, interactions and visualization. Visual Informatics, 6(1), 56-67.

Art on Metaverse Platforms: The Ultimate Canvas of the Mind or The Eternal Loss of Aura?

Year 2023, Issue: 15, 337 - 350, 29.12.2023

Abstract

In the digital age, where we are witnessing the transformation of the viewer, the artwork and the artist, the meaning of art is at the centre of discussions about art. According to Walter Benjamin, the work of art that has become reproducible through technology has lost its aura. Arthur C. Danto, on the other hand, says that since the 1960s, and especially with digitalisation, art has no aesthetic concern. In this context, can it be said that the artworks in the Metaverse have an aesthetic value or aura? Can it be said that the Metaverse provides a suitable environment for the creativity of the mind? Or has the Metaverse caused the ultimate loss of aura? In the context of this discussion, this article first analyses how art has been transformed in the Metaverse and what this means, and then evaluates the 4th Metaverse Art Week within this framework. To this end, the preferred method of netnography was used to understand online environments, human communities or cultures. Through participant observation, the galleries and events of the 4th Metaverse Art Week, which took place from 19-23 July 2023 in Decentraland, a Metaverse platform, were followed for five days. The result is that the debates about whether art is coming to an end, which have been going on since the 1960s and have become more pronounced with digitalisation, have reached a conclusion. We can apply to this period Ernst Hans Gombrich's assessment in his work "The History of Art" that in every period art changes according to the spirit of the time. As in previous epochs, art in this epoch has changed its form. The art of the 2020s, in parallel with the spirit of the times and other social developments, is temporary, aesthetically unconcerned, without a single meaning, open, integrated with digital possibilities and communication space, political and questioning, intertwined with music and entertainment, performative, interactive and decentralised.

References

  • Barrera, K. G., & Shah, D. (2023). Marketing in the Metaverse: Conceptual understanding, framework, and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 155, 113420.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1994). Simulacra and simulation. University of Michigan press.
  • Benjamin, W. (1935). The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction.
  • Bowen, J. P., & Giannini, T. (2022). Digital Experience in Art and Identity: The Metaverse calls.
  • Choi, H. S., & Kim, S. H. (2017). A content service deployment plan for metaverse museum exhibitions—Centering on the combination of beacons and HMDs. International Journal of Information Management, 37(1), 1519-1527.
  • Damar, M. (2021). Metaverse shape of your life for future: A bibliometric snapshot. Journal of Metaverse, 1(1), 1-8.
  • Danto, A. C. (1997/2014). Sanatın Sonundan Sonra. (Çev. Zeynep Demirsü). Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Decentraland (2023). Metaverse Art Week 2023: The metaverse is dead. Long live the metaverse. https://decentraland.org/blog/announcements/metaverse-art-week-2023-the-metaverse-is-dead-long-live-the-metaverse#:~:text=Coming%20to%20Decentraland%20July%2019,talks%2C%20tours%2C%20and%20parties.&text=Metaverse%20Art%20Week%20is%20back,in%20Decentraland%20July%2019%2D23! Erişim tarihi: 12.12.2023
  • Fischer, A. (2022). Architecture as art in Metaverse. Executive Master in Art Market Studies, University of Zurich.
  • Giannini, T., & Bowen, J. P. (2023). Museums and the Metaverse: New signs of computational art and life.
  • Gombrich, E. H. (1950/2019). Sanatın Öyküsü. Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Grossi, L. (2023). NFTs and Metaverse. An analisys from the point of view of contemporary art and design.
  • Guo, Y. (2023). Metaverse-enabled fine art appreciation: an aesthetic based on visual expression. International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, 71(3), 192-199.
  • Hurst, W., Spyrou, O., Tekinerdogan, B., & Krampe, C. (2023). Digital Art and the Metaverse: Benefits and Challenges. Future Internet, 15(6), 188.
  • Kayıhan, B. (2020). Gazeteciliğin Geleceği Açısından Second Life’daki Pratikler. Yeni Medya, 2020(8), 10-24.
  • Kim, J. (2021). Advertising in the metaverse: Research agenda. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 21(3), 141-144.
  • Kye, B., Han, N., Kim, E., Park, Y., & Jo, S. (2021). Educational applications of metaverse: possibilities and limitations. Journal of educational evaluation for health professions, 18.
  • Rauch, U. (2007, June). Who owns this space anyway? The Arts 3D VL Metaverse as a network of imagination. In EdMedia+ Innovate Learning (pp. 4249-4253). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
  • Tasa, U. B., & Görgülü, T. (2010). Meta-art: art of the 3-D user-created virtual worlds. Digital creativity, 21(2), 100-111.
  • Varinlioglu, G., Oguz, K., Turkmen, D., Ercan, I., & Damla, G. (2022). Work of Art in the Age of Metaverse. Legal Depot D/2022/14982/02, 447.
  • Wang, Y., Su, Z., Zhang, N., Xing, R., Liu, D., Luan, T. H., & Shen, X. (2022). A survey on metaverse: Fundamentals, security, and privacy. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.
  • Zhao, Y., Jiang, J., Chen, Y., Liu, R., Yang, Y., Xue, X., & Chen, S. (2022). Metaverse: Perspectives from graphics, interactions and visualization. Visual Informatics, 6(1), 56-67.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Journalism, Communication Studies, Internet, New Media
Journal Section Review
Authors

Bahar Kayıhan This is me 0000-0001-5196-4350

Early Pub Date December 25, 2023
Publication Date December 29, 2023
Submission Date October 17, 2023
Acceptance Date December 19, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 15

Cite

APA Kayıhan, B. (2023). Metaverse Platformlarında Sanat: Zihnin Nihai Tuvali mi Yoksa Auranın Sonsuz Yitimi mi?. Yeni Medya(15), 337-350.