Deepfake ve Dezenformasyon: Sentetik Siyasi Videoların Yanıltma, Belirsizlik ve Haberlere Duyulan Güven Üzerindeki Etkisini Araştırma

Year 2024, Issue: 17, 366 - 384, 26.12.2024

Christian Vaccari Andrew Chadwick Translator: Şeyda Koçak Kurt

Abstract

Yapay Zeka (YZ) günümüzde “deepfake” olarak bilinen ve gerçek videolara çok benzeyen sentetik videoların kitlesel olarak oluşturulmasını mümkün hale getirmektedir. Görsel iletişimin gücü ve belirsizliğin kamusal söyleme duyulan güveni sarsmada oynadığı rol ile ilgili teorileri birleştirerek, deepfake’lerin çevrimiçi dezenformasyona olası katkılarını açıklıyoruz. Birleşik Krallık nüfusunu temsil eden geniş bir örnekleme yeni deneysel uygulamalar yaparak, insanların deepfake’lere ilişkin değerlendirmelerini karşılaştırdık. Katılımcıların deepfake’ler tarafından yanlış yönlendirilmekten çok, belirsizlik hissetme olasılıklarının daha yüksek olduğunu ve ortaya çıkan bu belirsizliğin sosyal medyada yer alan haberlere duyulan güveni azalttığını bulduk. Deepfake’lerin genelleştirilmiş kararsızlık ve sinizme katkıda bulunabileceği ve demokratik toplumlarda çevrimiçi yurttaşlık kültürüne yönelik mevcut zorlukları daha fazla arttırabileceği sonuçlarına ulaştık.

Keywords

Mezenformasyon, Dezenformasyon, Belirsizlik, Siyasi Deepfake’ler, Çevrimiçi Yurttaşlık Kültürü.

Deepfakes and Disinformation: Exploring the Impact of Synthetic Political Video on Deception, Uncertainty, and Trust in News

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) now enables the mass creation of what have become known as “deepfakes”: synthetic videos that closely resemble real videos. Integrating theories about the power of visual communication and the role played by uncertainty in undermining trust in public discourse, we explain the likely contribution of deepfakes to online disinformation. Administering novel experimental treatments to a large representative sample of the United Kingdom population allowed us to compare people’s evaluations of deepfakes. We find that people are more likely to feel uncertain than to be misled by deepfakes, but this resulting uncertainty, in turn, reduces trust in news on social media. We conclude that deepfakes may contribute toward generalized indeterminacy and cynicism, further intensifying recent challenges to online civic culture in democratic societies.

Keywords

Misinformation, Disinformation, Uncertainty, Political Deepfakes, Online Civic Culture.

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