Macun Dolgu Duraylılığının Ultrasonik P–Dalga Hızı ile Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2017, Volume: 38 Issue: 1, 15 - 32, 09.04.2017

Ferdi Cihangir

Abstract

Bu çalışmada sülfürlü atıklardan normal (NPÇ) ve puzolanik (PPÇ) Portland çimentolarla alkali aktive cüruf çimentoları (AAC:
LSS–C; sodyum silikat ve SH–C; sodyum hidroksit ile aktifleştirilmiş cüruf) kullanılarak hazırlanan macun dolgu duraylılığı, dolgunun
mikroyapı özelliklerine bağlı olarak P–dalga hızı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalarda, NPÇ ve PPÇ numunelerinde
uzun dönemde asit ve sülfat etkileri nedeniyle %6–%25 oranlarında dayanım kaybı meydana geldiği anlaşılmıştır. En yüksek
dayanım kaybının NPÇ numunelerinde görüldüğü PPÇ denemelerinde ise, asit ve sülfat etkilerinin azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmalar
neticesinde, AAC numunelerinin asit ve sülfat etkilerine karşı daha dayanıklı olduğu, NPÇ ve PPÇ örneklerine göre yaklaşık
3–4.5 kat daha yüksek dayanım değerine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. LSS–C örneklerinde dayanım kaybının olmadığı, SH–C
örneklerinde uzun dönemde yaklaşık %8 dayanım kaybı olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
Deneysel çalışmalar, P–dalga hızları ile dayanım sonuçlarının birbirleri ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Bir başka değişle, dayanım
artışına bağlı olarak P–dalga hızı artmış, dayanımdaki düşüşe bağlı olarak da P–dalga hızı düşmüştür. Asit ve sülfat ile porozite
ve taramalı elektron mikroskop (SEM) analizlerine göre P–dalga hızı ve dayanımdaki azalmaların sebepleri, sülfürlü maden atıklarından
hazırlanan macun dolgu numunelerinin içsel özelliklerine bağlı olarak oluşan asit ve sülfat etkileri nedeniyle i) zamanla
C–S–H ürünlerinde meydana gelen bozunma, ii) genleşme minerallerinin (ikincil jips ve etrenjit) sebep olduğu heterojen yapı ve
iii) SH–C numunelerinde uzun dönemde oluşan kuruma çatlakları olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. P–dalga hızı ile dayanım sonuçlarının
oldukça iyi örtüşmesi, belirli bir atık türü için zamana bağlı olarak macun dolgu performansının sağlıklı bir şekilde takip edilebileceğini
göstermiştir

Keywords

Asit ve sülfat etkisi, duraylılık, macun dolgu, mikroyapı, P–dalga hızı

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