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Sismotektoniğe ve sismik boşluğa DInSAR yaklaşımı: Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonunun Erzincan havzası kesimi (doğu Türkiye)

Year 2019, Volume: 40 Issue: 3, 326 - 351, 27.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.17824/yerbilimleri.664918

Abstract

InSAR (İnterferometrik Sentez Açılımlı Radar) ve GNSS (Küresel Navigasyon Uydu Sistemi) gibi uzay jeodezisi tekniklerinin sağladığı verilerle üst kabuk ve litosferin diğer katmanlarının fiziksel özellikleri ve reolojisine yönelik çok sayıda model geliştirilmiştir. Bu modeller yine deprem tahminlerine yaklaşımda bulunmak üzere intersismik döneme yönelik InSAR çalışmalarında kullanılmaktadır. Ancak herhangi bir fay segmentinde gerilimleri boşaltan büyük depremler, birkaç yüz ile birkaç bin yıllık bir süre aralığında meydana gelirken, genellikle en çok on yıllık bir zaman aralığını kapsayan deformasyon gözlemleri tam bir deprem çevriminde oldukça küçük bir zaman aralığını temsil ederler. Bu kısa süreli deformasyon gözlemlerini sismik tehlikede kullanmak için, fay zonlarının uzayda ve zamanda nasıl deforme olduğuna dair daha iyi modellere ihtiyaç duyulur. Dolayısıyla, tektonik havzalar ve fay zonlarındaki ana segmentler ile diğer yapısal unsurlar etrafındaki deformasyonlara odaklanan ve aynı zamanda gözlemlenen deformasyonlar ile bu yapısal unsurların arasındaki ilişkiyi de ele alan InSAR çalışmaları, deprem tahminleri açısından oldukça önem arz edebilir. Bu bağlamda makalemizde, Kuzey Anadolu Fayı (KAF) üzerinde bulunan Erzincan havzasının tektonik özelliklerini, InSAR ile belirlenmiş deformasyon alanları ile birlikte ele alarak değerlendirmeyi düşündük. Buna yönelik olarak, InSAR tekniğinin çok büyük alanları ve yüzlerce interferogram analizini kapsayan modern kullanımı yerine, havza içine odaklanmış az sayıda interferogramla belirlenen deformasyon alanlarının yapısal jeoloji açısından değerlendirildiği başlangıçtaki eski usül kullanımını tercih ettik.

Erzincan tektonik çökme havzasında son yüzyılda iki yıkıcı deprem meydana gelmiştir (1939, M: 7.8 - 8.2 ve 1992, M:6.8). Önceki çalışmalar, havzanın KAF zonu boyunca çek-ayır tipinde bir açılmanın sonucu olarak oluştuğunu göstermektedir. Ovacık fayı (OF) aktivitesi havzayı genişletmektedir. Havzanın doğusunda KAF boyunca en az 75 km uzanan bir sismik boşluk zonu bulunmaktadır. Bu sismik boşluk hattının, batıda yaklaşık 22 km uzunluğundaki Sansa ve doğuda yaklaşık 53 km uzunluğundaki Yedisu olmak üzere, iki ana segmentten meydana geldiği düşünülmektedir.
Çalışmamızda, 13 Mart 1992 tarihindeki Erzincan depremi (M = 6.8) sonrasındaki yaklaşık 2.5 yıllık postsismik bir dönem (1993-1995) için, ERS-1 uydusunun SAR verilerinden Farksal İnterferometrik SAR (DInSAR) tekniği ile üretilen bir interferogramda belirlenen deformasyon alanlarını, havzanın yapısal jeoloji unsurlarıyla karşılaştırdık. İnterferometrik deformasyon bulguları Erzincan ovasının kenarlarına yakın tektonik hatlar üzerinde belirginleşmişlerdir. Dikey yön bileşenlerinde çökmeye karşılık gelen yerdeğiştirme miktarları, havzanın kuzey kenarı çevresinde, güney kenarındakilerden daha yüksektir. Havzanın kuzey kenarı ve KAF zonu boyunca, Erzincan kent merkezinin kuzeybatısı ve kuzeyinde gelişen deformasyonlar, doğusu ve kuzeydoğusunda gelişen deformasyonlara göreceyle daha düşük hız ve seviyelerdedir. Bu, her iki alanın birlikte çökerlerken, göreceyle daha yavaş çöken kuzeybatı kesiminde transpresif zonların ve push-up yapılarının gelişmesine ışık tutmaktadır. İnterferogramda, Erzincan ovasının yaklaşık doğu çıkışından itibaren deformasyon gelişimi gözlenmemektedir. Bu nedenle havzanın doğusuna doğru ilerlerken sismik boşluk zonuna yaklaştıkça, KAF segmentinin daha düşük kayma miktarlarına sahip olan bir davranış sergilediği düşünülmüştür.

Çalışmamızda ayrıca, 1939 Erzincan depreminin (M: 8.0) Ekşisu (Erzincan) - Bahçe Köyü (Koyulhisar, Sivas) arasında 185 km uzunluğundaki yüzey kırığı haritalamasını içeren, oldukça zor şartlar altında üretilmiş hayranlık ve saygı uyandıran bilim-antik özellikteki eski bir saha raporuna (Stchepinsky vd., 1940) kısaca yer verilmiştir.

Thanks

Yazarlar, çalışmada kullanılan interferogramları ilgili dönemde hazırlayan ve işleyen Hélène Vadon ile CNES radar bölümüne şükranlarını sunar. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi’nden sayın Zühre Şentürk çalışmanın yayına hazırlanmasında itici güç olmuştur, kendisine teşekkür ederiz. Son olarak, arazi çalışmalarımız sırasında tanıma şerefine ulaştığımız, deprem konusuna olan merakını takdir etmiş olduğumuz, müstesna şahsiyeti ile unutulmayacak valimiz, müteveffa Recep Yazıcıoğlu beyefendiyi saygı ve sevgi ile anıyoruz.

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Year 2019, Volume: 40 Issue: 3, 326 - 351, 27.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.17824/yerbilimleri.664918

Abstract

References

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  • Barka, A., 1996. Slip distribution along the North Anatolian Fault associated with the large earthquakes of the period 1939 to 1967, 1996. Bull. Seism.Soc. Am., vol. 86, no. 5, pp. 1238-1254.
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  • Hearn, E., McClusky, S., Ergintav, S. and Reilinger, R., 2009. Izmit earthquake postseismic deformation and dynamics of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 114 (B08405), 1-21, doi:10.1029/2008JB006026.
  • Hearn, E.H., Bürgmann, R. and Reilinger, R.E., 2002. Dynamics of Izmit earthquake postseismic deformation and loading of the Duzce earthquake hypocenter. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 92 (1), 172-193.
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There are 65 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Onur Köse 0000-0003-3470-7488

Mehmet Tekin Yürür 0000-0002-3077-8249

Jean Chorowıcz This is me

Publication Date December 27, 2019
Submission Date December 25, 2019
Acceptance Date December 27, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 40 Issue: 3

Cite

EndNote Köse O, Yürür MT, Chorowıcz J (December 1, 2019) Sismotektoniğe ve sismik boşluğa DInSAR yaklaşımı: Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonunun Erzincan havzası kesimi (doğu Türkiye). Yerbilimleri 40 3 326–351.