Flotasyon Tesis Atıklarının Asit Üretme Potansiyeli ve Kirliliğin Önlenmesi, Gümüşhane, KD Türkiye

Year 2020, Volume: 41 Issue: 1, 56 - 85, 27.04.2020

Selçuk Alemdağ , Enver Akaryalı , Mehmet Ali Gücer

https://doi.org/10.17824/yerbilimleri.693508

Cited By: 4

Abstract

Madencilik faaliyetlerindeki çevre kirliliğinin birincil kaynağını, çoğunlukla metalik, kömür ve asfaltit madenlerinde meydana gelen asit drenajı oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Pb-Zn cevherleşmesinin flotasyon tesisi atıklarının asit üretme potansiyelleri jeokimyasal analizler, kısa-dönem temas sızıntı testleri ve Asit-Baz Muhasebesi (ABM) işlemlerini kapsayan statik testlerle incelenmiştir. İşlenen cevherin mineral parajenezini başlıca pirit, kalkopirit, sfalerit ve galen mineralleri oluşturmaktadır. Cevherli atık örneklerinin iz element konsantrasyonlarında, özellikle S, Zn, Cu, As, Sb, Cd, Hg, Ag ve Bi gibi potansiyel toksik metallerdeki yüksek zenginleşme cevherin türü ile doğrudan ilişkili olup, yeraltı suyunu kirletme potansiyeline sahiptir. Kısa-dönem temas sızıntı testlerine göre, örneklerin pH değerleri (9.55-10.60, n= 10), kıta içi su kaynaklarının kalite sınıflandırmasına göre, dördüncü-sınıf (IV) kalite sularını işaret etmektedir. Bununla birlikte, sülfit-sülfür (%S-2 : 2.92-3.98, n= 10), Net Nötralizasyon Potansiyeli (NNP; -32 kg CaCO3/t -149 kg CaCO3/t, n= 10) ve Nötralizasyon Potansiyel Oranı (NPO; 0.20-0.80, n= 10) değerleri cevherli atık malzemenin potansiyel asit üreticisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Baraj eksen yeri ve rezervuar alanında açılan sondaj kuyularında kaya kütle geçirimliliğini değerlendirmek için lugeon deneyleri yapılmış ve geçirgen özellikte (K= 2x10-6 m/s) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Rezervuar alanını geçirimsiz hale getirmek için 40-50 cm kalınlığında kil verilerek sıkıştırılmış, oluşan kesit sonlu elemanlar yöntemi ile modellenerek geçirimlilik ve atıksu deşarjları belirlenmiştir. Sonlu elemanlar sızma analizi ile yapılan modellemede, temel kaya üzerinde 5m derinlikte elde edilen deşarj değeri 5.63x10-8 m 3 /s ve temel kaya kütlesinin geçirimlilik değeri ise 9.79x10-10 m/s olarak belirlenmiştir. Buna ilaveten atık baraj alanı, jeosentetik kil membran, jeomembran ve drenaj jeokompozit gibi jeotekstiller kullanılarak tamamen geçirimsiz hale getirilmiştir. Bu uygulamalar sayesinde, flotasyon tesisi atıklarının olası asit üretme potansiyellerinden kaynaklanacak yüzey ve yeraltı suyu kirliliği önlenmiş olacaktır.

Keywords

Asit üretme potansiyeli, Asit Baz Muhasebesi, Çevresel Değerlendirme, Jeokimya, Sızma Analizi, Sonlu Elemanlar Yöntemi

Supporting Institution

Gümüştaş Madencilik Tic. A.Ş. (Gümüşhane)

Thanks

Bu çalışmaya maddi destek sağlayan, sahadan numunelerin alınmasına ve analiz edilmesine yardımcı olan Gümüştaş Madencilik Tic. A.Ş. (Gümüşhane)’ye, özellikle Erdal GÜLDOĞAN ve Uğur ÖLGEN’e katkılarından dolayı teşekkür ederiz.

Acid Production Potential of Flotation Plant Tailings and Pollution Prevention, Gumushane, Turkey NE

Abstract

The primary source of environmental pollution in mining activity is acid drainage, which mostly occurring metallic, coal, and asphaltite mines. In this study, the acid producing potential of Pb-Zn mineralization from flotation plant tailings was investigated by geochemical analysis and static tests including short-term contact leakage tests and Acid-Base Accounting (ABM) processes. The mineral assemblage of the processed ore mainly consists of pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena minerals. The high enrichment in trace element concentrations of ore-bearing tailings samples, especially in potentially toxic metals such as S, Zn, Cu, As, Sb, Cd, Hg, Ag, and Bi is directly related to the type of mineralizations, and they have the potential to contaminate groundwater. According to short-term contact leaching tests, the pH (9.55-10.60, n= 10) values of samples indicated that they are four-class (IV) quality by classification of the intra-continental water resources. Besides, sulphide-sulfur (%S^-2: 2.92-3.98, n= 10), Net Neutralization Potential (NNP; -32 kg CaCO₃/t -149 kg CaCO₃/t, n= 10), and Neutralization Potential Ratio (NPR; 0.20-0.80, n= 10) values show that the ore-bearing tailings material has an acid production potential. Lugeon tests were carried out to evaluate rock mass permeability in drilling wells drilled in the dam axis location and reservoir area and it was determined to be permeable (K= 2x10^-6 m/s). In order to make the reservoir impermeable, 40-50 cm thick clay was laid and compacted, and the formed section was modeled by finite elements method, and permeability and wastewater discharges were determined. In the modeling with finite element seepage analysis, the wastewater discharge value obtained at a depth of 5m from the foundation excavation was determined as 5.63x10^-8 m³/s. Also, the permeability value for the reservoir area was determined as 9.79x10^-10 m/s after the applied clay compaction process. In addition, the environment will be completely impermeable as a result of laying geotextiles such as geosynthetic clay membrane, geomembrane and drainage geocomposite on the bottom of the reservoir area to prevent a possible chemical leakage. Thanks to these applications, surface and groundwater pollution will be prevented due to the potential of acid production of flotation plant tailings.

Keywords

Acid producing potential, Acid Base Accounting, Environmental Assessment, Geochemistry, Seepage Analysis, Finite Elements Method

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