HEMŞİRELİK ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN İNTİHARA VE İNTİHAR GİRİŞİMİNDE BULUNMUŞ BİREYLERE YÖNELİK TUTUMLARI
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 194 - 208, 30.11.2024
Simla Adagide
,
Özcan Özdemir
,
Yunus Kaya
Öz
Giriş: İntihar günümüzde giderek artan bir halk sağlığı sorun olmaya devam ederken, sağlık çalışanlarının tutumları intihar eğilimi olan bireylerin sağlık hizmeti almasını etkilemektedir.
Amaç: Bu çalışma, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin intihara ve intihar düşüncesi olan bireylere yönelik tutumlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki araştırmanın örneklemini 791 hemşirelik öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri kişisel bilgi formu, İntihara Karşı Tutumlar Ölçeği ve İntiharı Eden Bireye Karşı Tutumlar Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların intihara karşı tutumlarında en yüksek puan ortalaması İntiharın Öbür Dünyada Cezalandırılması alt boyutu iken, intihara eden bireye karşı tutumda en yüksek puan ortalaması Sosyal Kabul alt boyutudur. İntihara ve intihara eğilimli bireylere yönelik tutumların demografik değişkenlere göre farklılaştığı bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin intihara ilişkin inanç ve algıları, intihar eden bireylere yönelik tutumlarını etkilemektedir. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin intihar eden bireylere yönelik etkili bir ruh sağlığı hizmeti sunabilmeleri için intihar konusunda farkındalıklarının artırılması ve intihara eğilimli bireylerle terapötik ilişki kurma konusunda eğitilmeleri gerekmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: intihar, intihara karşı tutumlar, hemşirelik öğrencileri, ruh sağlığı
Etik Beyan
To carry out the study, approval was first obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 2022/02.03) for the ethical suitability of the study. Then, institutional permission was obtained from the institution where the study data were collected. During the data collection phase, all participants were informed about the study, and voluntary consent was obtained from them.
Destekleyen Kurum
Bu çalışmanın gerçekleştirilmesinde herhangi bir kurum ve kuruluştan destek alınmamıştır.
Kaynakça
- World Health Organization. Suicide. 2021. Access Date; 25.04.2022, Access Address;
ttps://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/suicide
- Hedegaard H, Curtin SC, Warner M. Suicide rates in the United States continue to increase. NCHS Data Brief 2018; 309, 1–8.
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Suicide statistics. 2022. Date of access; 25.04.2022, Access Address; https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/suicide#part_2561
- TÜİK. Ölüm ve ölüm nedeni istatistikleri, 2022. 2023. Date of Access: 21.03.2024. Access Address https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Olum-ve-Olum-Nedeni-Istatistikleri-2022-49679.
- Xue C, Yang Y, Xu K, Shi X, Liu H. Health personnel-targeted education interventions on inpatient suicide prevention in general hospitals: A scoping review. International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2020; 7(4), 477–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.09.006
- Bliokas VV, Hains AR, Allan JA, Lago L, Sng R. Community-based aftercare following an emergency department presentation for attempted suicide or high risk for suicide: Study protocol for a nonrandomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2019; 19 (1), 1380. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7751-8.
- Schlichthorst M, Ozols I, Reifels L, Morgan A. Lived experience peer support programs for suicide prevention: A systematic scoping review. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2020; 14, 65. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-020-00396-1
- Al-Shannaq Y, Aldalaykeh M. Suicide literacy, suicide stigma, and psychological help seeking attitudes among Arab youth. Current Psychology 2023; 42(8),6532-6544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02007-9
- TURKSTAT (Turkish Statistical Institute). Suicide Statistics, 2020. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Search/Search?text=intihar&dil=1 Access Date: 01.05.2022.
- Allen AR, Hagen KM. Trauma and suicide: A pilot study evaluating risk in adults diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2020; 208(5), 431-434. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000001144 .
- Kim SB, Jeong IS. Building and evaluating suicide attempt prediction models using risk factors. Nursing & Health Sciences 2021; 23(4), 925–935. https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12883
- Ong MS, Lakoma M, Gees Bhosrekar S, Hickok J, McLean L, Murphy M, et al. Risk factors for suicide attempt in children, adolescents, and young adults hospitalized for mental health disorders. Child and Adolescent Mental Health 2021; 26(2), 134–142. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12400
- John A, Eyles E, Webb RT, Okolie C, Schmidt L, Arensman E, et al. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-harm and suicidal behaviour: update of living systematic review. F1000Research 2020; 9, 1097. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25522.2 .
- Pirkis J, John A, Shin S, DelPozo-Banos M, Arya V, Analuisa-Aguilar P, et al. Suicide trends in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic: an interrupted time-series analysis of preliminary data from 21 countries. The Lancet Psychiatry 2021; 8(7), 579–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00091-2
- Flood C, Yilmaz M, Phillips L, Lindsay T, Eskin M, Hiley J, et al. Nursing students' attitudes to suicide and suicidal persons: A cross-national and cultural comparison between Turkey and the United Kingdom. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 2018; 25(7), 369–379. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12461
- MacDonald S, Sampson C, Turley R, Biddle L, Ring N, Begley R, et al. Patients' experiences of emergency hospital care following self-harm: Systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative research. Qualitative Health Research 2020; 30(3), 471–485. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732319886566
- Norheim AB, Grimholt TK, Loskutova E, Ekeberg O. Attitudes toward suicidal behaviour among professionals at mental health outpatient clinics in Stavropol, Russia and Oslo, Norway. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16, 268. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0976-5
- Osafo J, Knizek BL, Akotia CS, Hjelmeland H. Attitudes of psychologists and nurses toward suicide and suicide prevention in Ghana: A qualitative study. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2012; 49(6), 691–700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.11.010
- Zou W, Tang L, Bie B. The stigmatization of suicide: A study of stories told by college students in China. Death Studies 2022; 46(9), 2035–2045. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2021.1958396
- Senf B, Maiwurm P, Fettel J. Attitudes and opinions toward suicidality in professionals working with oncology patients: results from an online survey. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30, 1775–1786. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-021-06590-2
- Boğahan M, Türkleş S, Örekeci Temel G. Determination of suicide stigma in nursing students. Journal of Research and Development in Nursing 2019; 21(3):58-69. http://hemarge.org.tr/ckfinder/userfiles/files/2019/3/sonmm6.pdf.
- Hill N, Shand F, Torok M, Halliday L, Reavley NJ. Development of best practice guidelines for suicide-related crisis response and aftercare in the emergency department or other acute settings: a Delphi expert consensus study. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1995-1
- Olibamoyo O, Coker O, Adewuya A, Ogunlesi O, Sodipo O. Frequency of suicide attempts and attitudes toward suicidal behavior among doctors and nurses in Lagos, Nigeria. The South African Journal of Psychiatry 2020; 26, 1402. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v26i0.1402
- Boukouvalas E, El-Den S, Murphy AL, Salvador-Carulla L, O'Reilly CL. Exploring health care professionals' knowledge of, attitudes towards, and confidence in caring for people at risk of suicide: A systematic review. Archives of Suicide Research 2020; 24(sup2), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2019.1586608
- Eskin M. The effects of religious versus secular education on suicide ideation and suicidal attitudes in adolescents in Turkey. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 2004; 39, 536–542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-004-0769-x
- Eskin M, Voracek M, Stieger S, Altinyazar V. A cross-cultural investigation of suicidal behavior and attitudes in Austrian and Turkish medical students. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 2011; 46(9), 813–823. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-010-0254-7
- Köse A, Arslan F. Sosyolojik bir olgu olarak intihar. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2019; 43(1), 1-20. http://cujos.cumhuriyet.edu.tr/tr/download/article-file/743816.
- Büyükbodur AÇ. İntihar girişimleri ve retrospektif sosyal inceleme. Sosyal Çalışma Dergisi 2019; 3(1), 28-46. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/scd/issue/46396/554406
- Eskin M. Suicide thought, initiative and attitudes among young people. Turkish Journal of Psychology 2017; 32(80), 93-111.
- Poreddi V, Thimmaiah R, Ramu R, Selvi S, Gandhi S, Ramachandra, et al. Gender differences related to attitudes toward suicide and suicidal behavior. Community Ment Health J 2016; 52, 228–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-015-9913-1
- Eskin M, Kujan O, Voracek M, Shaheen A, Carta MG, Sun JM, et al. Cross-national comparisons of attitudes toward suicide and suicidal persons in university students from 12 countries. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 2016; 57(6), 554-563. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12318
- Colucci E, Lester D. A cross-cultural study of attitudes toward suicide among young people in India, Italy and Australia. The International Journal of Social Psychiatry 2020; 66(7), 700–706. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020926551
- Poreddi V, Anjanappa S, Reddy S. Attitudes of under graduate nursing students to suicide and their role in caring of persons with suicidal behaviors. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 2021; 35(6), 583–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2021.08.005
- Muehlenkamp JJ, Thoen SK. Short- and long-term impact of an undergraduate suicidology course. Suicide & Life-threatening Behavior 2019; 49(6), 1573–1586. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12552
- Kuran İ, Özer E. The relationship religious affilition and suicide: a statistical analysis at the global level. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2023; 22(88), 1506-1519. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.1254651
- Demirci M. İntiharı önlemede inanç faktörü. Aksaray Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Temel İslam Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 2021.
- Arslantaş H, Adana F, Harlak H, Eskin M. Attitudes of nursing and midwifery students toward suicidal behavior. New Symposium 2019; 57: 6-12.
- Gibson R, Carson J, Houghton T. Stigma toward nonsuicidal self-harm: Evaluating a brief educational intervention. British Journal of Nursing 2019; 28 (5), 307–312. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2019.28.5.307
- Zincir SB, Zincir S, Köşker SD, Sünbül EA, Aksoy AE, Elbay RY, et al. Relationship of suicide attempts with clinical characteristics and sociodemographic variables in inpatient psychiatric patients. Journal of Mood Disorders 2014; 4 (2), 53-58. https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20131128042902
- Eskin M, Palova E, Krokavcova M. Suicidal behavior and attitudes in Slovak and Turkish high school students: A cross-cultural investigation. Archives of Suicide Research 2014; 18(1), 58–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2013.803448
- Eskin M, Schild A, Öncü B, Stieger S, Voracek M. A cross-cultural investigation of suicidal disclosures and attitudes in Austrian and Turkish university students. Death Studies 2015; 39(10), 584–591. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2015.1037971
- Chu H, Yang Y, Zhou J, Wang W, Qiu X, Yang X, et al. Social support and suicide risk among Chinese university students: A mental health perspective. Frontiers In Public Health 2021; 9, 566993. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.566993.
- Eilers JJ, Kasten E, Schnell T. Comparison of stigmatization of suicidal people by medical professionals with stigmatization by the general population. Healthcare 2021; 9(7), 896. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070896
- Phillips JA, Luth EA. Beliefs about suicide acceptability in the United States: How do they affect suicide mortality?. The Journals Of Gerontology 2020; 75(2), 414-425. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbx153.
NURSING STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARD SUICIDE AND INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE ATTEMPTED SUICIDE
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 194 - 208, 30.11.2024
Simla Adagide
,
Özcan Özdemir
,
Yunus Kaya
Öz
Background: While suicide continues to be an increasing public problem today, the attitudes of health professionals affect individuals with suicidal tendencies to receive health services.
Aim: This study aimed to determine nursing students’ attitudes toward suicide and individuals with suicidal ideation.
Methods: The sample of the cross-sectional study consists of 791 nursing students. The study data were collected using the personal information form, Attitudes Toward Suicide Scale and Attitudes Toward Suicidal Individual Scale.
Results: While the highest mean score in the attitudes of the participants toward suicide was the Punishment of Suicide in the Afterlife subdimension, the highest score was the mean score of the Social Acceptance subdimension in the attitude toward suicidal individuals. Attitudes towards suicide and suicidal individuals varied based on demographic factors.
Conclusions: Nursing students' beliefs and perceptions about suicide affect their attitudes toward individuals who commit suicide. Nursing students should be trained in establishing awareness of suicide and therapeutic relationships with suicidal individuals to provide an effective mental health service.
Kaynakça
- World Health Organization. Suicide. 2021. Access Date; 25.04.2022, Access Address;
ttps://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/suicide
- Hedegaard H, Curtin SC, Warner M. Suicide rates in the United States continue to increase. NCHS Data Brief 2018; 309, 1–8.
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Suicide statistics. 2022. Date of access; 25.04.2022, Access Address; https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/suicide#part_2561
- TÜİK. Ölüm ve ölüm nedeni istatistikleri, 2022. 2023. Date of Access: 21.03.2024. Access Address https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Olum-ve-Olum-Nedeni-Istatistikleri-2022-49679.
- Xue C, Yang Y, Xu K, Shi X, Liu H. Health personnel-targeted education interventions on inpatient suicide prevention in general hospitals: A scoping review. International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2020; 7(4), 477–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.09.006
- Bliokas VV, Hains AR, Allan JA, Lago L, Sng R. Community-based aftercare following an emergency department presentation for attempted suicide or high risk for suicide: Study protocol for a nonrandomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2019; 19 (1), 1380. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7751-8.
- Schlichthorst M, Ozols I, Reifels L, Morgan A. Lived experience peer support programs for suicide prevention: A systematic scoping review. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2020; 14, 65. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-020-00396-1
- Al-Shannaq Y, Aldalaykeh M. Suicide literacy, suicide stigma, and psychological help seeking attitudes among Arab youth. Current Psychology 2023; 42(8),6532-6544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02007-9
- TURKSTAT (Turkish Statistical Institute). Suicide Statistics, 2020. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Search/Search?text=intihar&dil=1 Access Date: 01.05.2022.
- Allen AR, Hagen KM. Trauma and suicide: A pilot study evaluating risk in adults diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2020; 208(5), 431-434. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000001144 .
- Kim SB, Jeong IS. Building and evaluating suicide attempt prediction models using risk factors. Nursing & Health Sciences 2021; 23(4), 925–935. https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12883
- Ong MS, Lakoma M, Gees Bhosrekar S, Hickok J, McLean L, Murphy M, et al. Risk factors for suicide attempt in children, adolescents, and young adults hospitalized for mental health disorders. Child and Adolescent Mental Health 2021; 26(2), 134–142. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12400
- John A, Eyles E, Webb RT, Okolie C, Schmidt L, Arensman E, et al. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-harm and suicidal behaviour: update of living systematic review. F1000Research 2020; 9, 1097. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25522.2 .
- Pirkis J, John A, Shin S, DelPozo-Banos M, Arya V, Analuisa-Aguilar P, et al. Suicide trends in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic: an interrupted time-series analysis of preliminary data from 21 countries. The Lancet Psychiatry 2021; 8(7), 579–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00091-2
- Flood C, Yilmaz M, Phillips L, Lindsay T, Eskin M, Hiley J, et al. Nursing students' attitudes to suicide and suicidal persons: A cross-national and cultural comparison between Turkey and the United Kingdom. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 2018; 25(7), 369–379. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12461
- MacDonald S, Sampson C, Turley R, Biddle L, Ring N, Begley R, et al. Patients' experiences of emergency hospital care following self-harm: Systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative research. Qualitative Health Research 2020; 30(3), 471–485. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732319886566
- Norheim AB, Grimholt TK, Loskutova E, Ekeberg O. Attitudes toward suicidal behaviour among professionals at mental health outpatient clinics in Stavropol, Russia and Oslo, Norway. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16, 268. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0976-5
- Osafo J, Knizek BL, Akotia CS, Hjelmeland H. Attitudes of psychologists and nurses toward suicide and suicide prevention in Ghana: A qualitative study. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2012; 49(6), 691–700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.11.010
- Zou W, Tang L, Bie B. The stigmatization of suicide: A study of stories told by college students in China. Death Studies 2022; 46(9), 2035–2045. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2021.1958396
- Senf B, Maiwurm P, Fettel J. Attitudes and opinions toward suicidality in professionals working with oncology patients: results from an online survey. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30, 1775–1786. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-021-06590-2
- Boğahan M, Türkleş S, Örekeci Temel G. Determination of suicide stigma in nursing students. Journal of Research and Development in Nursing 2019; 21(3):58-69. http://hemarge.org.tr/ckfinder/userfiles/files/2019/3/sonmm6.pdf.
- Hill N, Shand F, Torok M, Halliday L, Reavley NJ. Development of best practice guidelines for suicide-related crisis response and aftercare in the emergency department or other acute settings: a Delphi expert consensus study. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1995-1
- Olibamoyo O, Coker O, Adewuya A, Ogunlesi O, Sodipo O. Frequency of suicide attempts and attitudes toward suicidal behavior among doctors and nurses in Lagos, Nigeria. The South African Journal of Psychiatry 2020; 26, 1402. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v26i0.1402
- Boukouvalas E, El-Den S, Murphy AL, Salvador-Carulla L, O'Reilly CL. Exploring health care professionals' knowledge of, attitudes towards, and confidence in caring for people at risk of suicide: A systematic review. Archives of Suicide Research 2020; 24(sup2), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2019.1586608
- Eskin M. The effects of religious versus secular education on suicide ideation and suicidal attitudes in adolescents in Turkey. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 2004; 39, 536–542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-004-0769-x
- Eskin M, Voracek M, Stieger S, Altinyazar V. A cross-cultural investigation of suicidal behavior and attitudes in Austrian and Turkish medical students. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 2011; 46(9), 813–823. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-010-0254-7
- Köse A, Arslan F. Sosyolojik bir olgu olarak intihar. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2019; 43(1), 1-20. http://cujos.cumhuriyet.edu.tr/tr/download/article-file/743816.
- Büyükbodur AÇ. İntihar girişimleri ve retrospektif sosyal inceleme. Sosyal Çalışma Dergisi 2019; 3(1), 28-46. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/scd/issue/46396/554406
- Eskin M. Suicide thought, initiative and attitudes among young people. Turkish Journal of Psychology 2017; 32(80), 93-111.
- Poreddi V, Thimmaiah R, Ramu R, Selvi S, Gandhi S, Ramachandra, et al. Gender differences related to attitudes toward suicide and suicidal behavior. Community Ment Health J 2016; 52, 228–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-015-9913-1
- Eskin M, Kujan O, Voracek M, Shaheen A, Carta MG, Sun JM, et al. Cross-national comparisons of attitudes toward suicide and suicidal persons in university students from 12 countries. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 2016; 57(6), 554-563. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12318
- Colucci E, Lester D. A cross-cultural study of attitudes toward suicide among young people in India, Italy and Australia. The International Journal of Social Psychiatry 2020; 66(7), 700–706. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020926551
- Poreddi V, Anjanappa S, Reddy S. Attitudes of under graduate nursing students to suicide and their role in caring of persons with suicidal behaviors. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 2021; 35(6), 583–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2021.08.005
- Muehlenkamp JJ, Thoen SK. Short- and long-term impact of an undergraduate suicidology course. Suicide & Life-threatening Behavior 2019; 49(6), 1573–1586. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12552
- Kuran İ, Özer E. The relationship religious affilition and suicide: a statistical analysis at the global level. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2023; 22(88), 1506-1519. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.1254651
- Demirci M. İntiharı önlemede inanç faktörü. Aksaray Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Temel İslam Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 2021.
- Arslantaş H, Adana F, Harlak H, Eskin M. Attitudes of nursing and midwifery students toward suicidal behavior. New Symposium 2019; 57: 6-12.
- Gibson R, Carson J, Houghton T. Stigma toward nonsuicidal self-harm: Evaluating a brief educational intervention. British Journal of Nursing 2019; 28 (5), 307–312. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2019.28.5.307
- Zincir SB, Zincir S, Köşker SD, Sünbül EA, Aksoy AE, Elbay RY, et al. Relationship of suicide attempts with clinical characteristics and sociodemographic variables in inpatient psychiatric patients. Journal of Mood Disorders 2014; 4 (2), 53-58. https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20131128042902
- Eskin M, Palova E, Krokavcova M. Suicidal behavior and attitudes in Slovak and Turkish high school students: A cross-cultural investigation. Archives of Suicide Research 2014; 18(1), 58–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2013.803448
- Eskin M, Schild A, Öncü B, Stieger S, Voracek M. A cross-cultural investigation of suicidal disclosures and attitudes in Austrian and Turkish university students. Death Studies 2015; 39(10), 584–591. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2015.1037971
- Chu H, Yang Y, Zhou J, Wang W, Qiu X, Yang X, et al. Social support and suicide risk among Chinese university students: A mental health perspective. Frontiers In Public Health 2021; 9, 566993. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.566993.
- Eilers JJ, Kasten E, Schnell T. Comparison of stigmatization of suicidal people by medical professionals with stigmatization by the general population. Healthcare 2021; 9(7), 896. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070896
- Phillips JA, Luth EA. Beliefs about suicide acceptability in the United States: How do they affect suicide mortality?. The Journals Of Gerontology 2020; 75(2), 414-425. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbx153.