Donald Trump’ın İsrail ve İran’a Yönelik Politikalarında Evanjelizm Etkisi

Abstract

2016 yılında Donald Trump’ın Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Başkanlığı’na seçilmesinin ardından geçen dört yılda ABD ile İsrail arasındaki askeri, istihbarî ve diplomatik iş birliği her zamankinden daha kapsamlı ve derin bir hale gelmiştir. İlişkilerin gelişiminde gerek Trump yönetiminin kritik pozisyonlarında yer alan Dış İşleri Bakanı Mike Pompeo ve Başkan Yardımcısı Mike Pence gibi Evanjelik isimlerin varlığı gerekse ülke içindeki Evanjelik lider ve grupların aktivizmi önemli bir paya sahip olmuştur. Evanjeliklerin dış politika yaklaşımının birincil unsuru, ABD’nin İsrail’e koşulsuz destek vermesi gerektiği inancıdır. Bu anlayışın temelinde Evanjeliklerin büyük kısmının üzerinde mutabık kaldığı ahir zaman kehanetlerine dayanan teopolitik bir anlatı olan aşamalı kadercilik bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Evanjeliklerin Trump yönetiminin dış politika kararları üzerindeki etkisini bahsi geçen teo-politik bağlam temelinde ve Evanjelik grupların örnek vakalardaki faaliyetleri üzerinden incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. İlk bölümde Evanjelik dış politika anlayışının üzerine inşa edildiği aşamalı kaderci inancın tarihsel arka planına değinilmiştir. İkinci bölümde ABD’nin İsrail Büyükelçiliğini Kudüs’e taşımasında aşamalı kaderci teolojinin ve Evanjelik grupların rolü, Amerika’nın Kudüs’ün statüsüne yönelik tarihsel politikası ile birlikte incelenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde ise İsrail-Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri barış anlaşması ve genel olarak Arap-İsrail ilişkilerinin gelişiminde başlıca faktör olan İran’a yönelik düşmanlık algısının oluşumunda aşamalı kaderci anlatının rolüne atıfta bulunarak bu süreçlerde Evanjeliklerin etkisine odaklanılmıştır.

Keywords

• Amerikan Dış Politikası
• Trump’ın Başkanlık Dönemi
• Evanjelizm
• Aşamalı Kadercilik

The Evangelical Effect over Donald Trump’s Policies Toward Israel and Iran

Abstract

U.S. and Israel’s military, intelligence, and diplomatic cooperation have become more extensive and deeper during Donald Trump’s presidency, the president has surrounded himself with Evangelicals including Secretary of State Pompeo and Vice President Pence. Beyond their presence in central leadership within the Trump administration, Evangelicals have exerted considerable influence through lobbying efforts. The primary tenet of evangelical foreign policy is that the U.S. should provide unconditional support to Israel. This understanding stems from dispensationalism, a theo-political narrative based on the End Times prophecies. This study aimed to examine the influence of evangelicals on the Trump administration's foreign policy decisions within the scope of dispensationalist theo-political context and through the activities of evangelical groups. In the first section, it looked into the historical background of dispensationalism on which evangelical foreign policy built. In the second part, it examined the U.S.’s historical policy toward the status of Jerusalem and the role of evangelicals in Trump’s decision to move the US embassy to Jerusalem. In the third part, it focused on the evangelical influence in the Israel-United Arab Emirates treaty and developing Arab-Israeli relations by referring to the role of dispensationalist narrative in the formation of the perception of the enemy against Iran.

Keywords

• U.S. Foreign Policy
• Trump’s Presidency Period
• Evangelicalism
• Dispensationalism

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