Evlilik Kurumunun Botswana’ daki Dönüşümü Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma: Francistown Örneği

Year 2019, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 190 - 202, 30.10.2019

Tshepo Pam Mathafeni Setenay Nil Doğan

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı Botsvana'da evlilik kurumunun nasıl bir dönüşüm içinde olduğunu araştırmaktır. Evlilik hakkındaki görüşler farklı kültürler, dinler ve toplumlar arasında değişse de, dünya genelinde evlilik olgusu sosyal açıdan kabul görmektedir. Botsvana'da evlilikler aileleri bir araya getirir, akrabalık ilişkilerini güçlendirir ve çoğu durumda aileler ve topluluklar arasında siyasi ve sosyal ittifaklar oluşturur. Evlilik kurumu Tsvana toplumu tarafından önemli olarak görülmektedir ve sosyal, politik ve ekonomik kurumların yapı taşını oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sorusunu ele almak için bu çalışma, evlilikteki değişiklikleri tartışmak ve analiz etmek için nitel ve nicel ikincil kaynakları kullanarak küreselleşme ve modernleşme gibi faktörlerin bu değişikliklere nasıl etki ettiğini araştırır. Bulgular, Botsvana'daki insanların hala evlenmeyi seçmelerine rağmen, evlilik oranlarının düştüğünü ve evlenmeden birlikte yaşayan çiftlerin giderek arttığını göstermektedir. Ebeveynler, çocuklarının kiminle evleneceği konusunda otoriteyi kaybetmektedirler. Bogadi (başlık parası) hala uygulanmaktadır ancak bazı aileler ile kızları için tazminat almak adına bir fırsat olarak da kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu olguların Tsvana evlilik kurumunun temeli olan gelenek ve değerleri değiştirdiği gözlemlenmektedir.

Keywords

Evlilik, Botsvana, Bogadi, Küreselleşme, Modernleştirme

An Empirical Study on the Transformation of Marriage in Botswana: a Case Study of Francistown

Abstract

The aim of this study is to explore the transformation of marriage in Botswana. Even though the view on marriage varies between cultures, religions and societies around the world – it is socially recognised worldwide. Marriage in Botswana brings families together, kinship relations are strengthened, political and social alliances between families and communities are formed. Marriage forms a significant part of Tswana society and it has been the building block of social, political and economic institutions. To address the research question, the study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative secondary sources to discuss and analyse the changes in marriage, and explore how factors such as globalisation and modernisation have contributed to these changes. The findings show that despite the fact that Batswana still choose to get married, the marital rates have decreased and there is a growing increase of couples that are living together without being married. Parents have lost the authority over who their children will get married to. Bogadi (bridewealth) is still practised but it has become more commercialised with some families using it as an opportunity to seek compensation for their daughter. These changes have altered the traditions and values that are the foundation of Tswana marriage.

Keywords

marriage, Botswana, bogadi, globalisation, modernisation

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