The effects of social isolation measures taken against the COVID-19 pandemic on erectile functions of healthcare professionals: a prospective comparative study

Ahmet Cinislioğlu; Emre Şam; Nazan Cinislioğlu; Şaban Oğuz Demirdöğen; İbrahim Karabulut; Fatih Akkaş; Elif Özcan Tozoğlu; İbrahim Hakkı Tör; İsa Özbey

doi:10.33719/yud.2022;17-2-1064135

Research Article

The effects of social isolation measures taken against the COVID-19 pandemic on erectile functions of healthcare professionals: a prospective comparative study

Year 2022, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 74 - 82, 30.06.2022

Ahmet Cinislioğlu , Emre Şam , Nazan Cinislioğlu , Şaban Oğuz Demirdöğen , İbrahim Karabulut , Fatih Akkaş , Elif Özcan Tozoğlu , İbrahim Hakkı Tör , İsa Özbey

https://doi.org/10.33719/yud.2022;17-2-1064135

https://izlik.org/JA98DB63CE

Abstract

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the anxiety caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare professionals with different duties, such as doctors, nurses, medical secretaries, and medical staff, causes erectile dysfunction (ED).
Material and Methods: In between 1 May 2020 and 1 August 2020, volunteering male health workers who had regular sexual intercourse at least once a week for the last six months and who had not previously worked in COVID-19 clinics were included in the study. Before and 4 weeks after working in COVID-19 clinics, erectile function was determined by the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) form. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAS) was used to evaluate anxiety disorders and their severity.
Results: A total of 218 male health caregivers were included in the study. Among these, 56 (25.7%) were doctors, 81 (37.2%) were nurses, 46 (21.1%) were medical secretaries and 35 (16.1%) were the medical staff. The mean HAM-A score of the doctors measured 4 weeks after having worked in a COVID-19 clinic (3,32±4,68) was observed to be significantly higher compared to that measured before working (28,43±14,05) (p<0.001). The mean IIEF-5 scores of the doctors measured 4 weeks after having worked in a COVID-19 clinic (16,34±4,11) was observed to be significantly lower compared to that measured before working (22,29±2,35) (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Our results indicate that healthcare professionals working in COVID-19 clinics have increased anxiety and ED, and physicians are affected more than the other healthcare professionals.

Keywords

COVID-19 , Health Caregivers , Erectile Dysfunction , Anxiety , Hamilton Anxiety Scale

References

1. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):727–733. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017
2. Li H, Liu SM, Yu XH, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): current status and future perspectives. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;55(5):105951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105951
3. Jacob L, Smith L, Butler L, et al. COVID-19 Social Distancing and Sexual Activity in a Sample of the British Public. J Sex Med. 2020;17(7):1229-1236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.05.001
4. Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, et al. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):470–473.
5. COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. In: Worldometers website. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/. Accessed 5 May 2022
6. Schiavi MC, Spina V, Zullo MA, et al. Love in the Time of COVID-19: Sexual Function and Quality of Life Analysis During the Social Distancing Measures in a Group of Italian Reproductive-Age Women. J Sex Med. 2020;17(8):1407-1413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.06.006
7. NIH Consensus Conference. Impotence. NIH Consensus Development Panel on Impotence. JAMA. 1993;270(1):83–90.
8. Feldman HA, Goldstein I, Hatzichristou DG, et al. Impotence and its medical and psychosocial correlates: Results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Urol. 1994;151(1):54–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)34871-1
9. Gratzke C, Angulo J, Chitaley K, et al. Anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2010;7(1 Pt 2):445–475. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01624.x
10. Liu Q, Zhang Y, Wang J, et al. Erectile Dysfunction and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Sex Med. 2018;15(8):1073–1082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.05.016
11. Sugimori H, Yoshida K, Tanaka T, et al. Relationships between erectile dysfunction, depression, and anxiety in Japanese subjects. J Sex Med. 2005;2(3):390–396. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2005.20354.x
12. Liu X, Luo WT, Li Y, et al. Psychological status and behavior changes of the public during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Infect Dis Poverty. 2020;9(1):58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00678-3
13. González-Sanguino C, Ausín B, Castellanos MÁ, et al. Mental health consequences during the initial stage of the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:172-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.040
14. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(5):1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
15. Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, et al. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88:901-907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026
16. Turunç T, Deveci S, Güvel S, et al. The assessment of Turkish validation with 5 question version of International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). Turk J Urol. 2007;33(1):45–49.
17. Yazıcı M, Demir B, Tanrıverdi N, et al. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale: Interrater Reliabilty and Validity Study. Türk Psikiyatr Derg. 1998;9(2):114–120.
18. Matza LS, Morlock R, Sexton C, et al. Identifying HAM-A cutoffs for mild, moderate, and severe generalized anxiety disorder. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2010;19(4):223–232. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.323
19. Jern P, Gunst A, Sandnabba K, et al. Are early and current erectile problems associated with anxiety and depression in young men? A retrospective self-report study. J Sex Marital Ther. 2012;38(4):349–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2012.665818
20. Hale VE, Strassberg DS. The role of anxiety on sexual arousal. Arch Sex Behav. 1990;19(6):569–581. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01542466
21. Preti E, Di Mattei V, Perego G, et al. The Psychological Impact of Epidemic and Pandemic Outbreaks on Healthcare Workers: Rapid Review of the Evidence. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2020;22(8):43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-020-01166-z.
22. Bai YM, Lin CC, Lin CY, et al. Survey of stress reactions among health care workers involved with the SARS outbreak. Psychiatr Serv. 2004;55(9):1055–1057. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.55.9.1055.
23. Styra R, Hawryluck L, Robinson S, et al. Impact on health care workers employed in high-risk areas during the Toronto SARS outbreak. J Psychosom Res. 2008;64(2):177–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.07.015
24. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, et al. Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(3):e203976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
25. Koksal E, Dost B, Terzi Ö, et al. Evaluation of Depression and Anxiety Levels and Related Factors Among Operating Theater Workers During the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic. J Perianesthesia Nurs. 2020;35(5):472-477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2020.06.017
26. Lu W, Wang H, Lin Y, et al. Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:112936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112936
27. Culha MG, Demir O, Sahin O, et al. Sexual attitudes of healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 outbreak. Int J Impot Res. 2021;33(1):102–109. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41443-020-00381-9
28. Güzel A, Döndü A. Changes in sexual functions and habits of healthcare workers during the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional survey study. Ir J Med Sci. 2021;1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-021-02691-3
29. De Rose AF, Chierigo F, Ambrosini F, et al. Sexuality during COVID lockdown: a cross-sectional Italian study among hospital workers and their relatives. Int J Impot Res. 2021;33(1):131-136. doi:10.1038/s41443-020-00393-5
30. Bulut EC, Ertaş K, Bulut D, et al. The effect of COVID-19 epidemic on the sexual function of healthcare professionals. Andrologia. 2021;53(3):e13971. https://doi.org/10.1111/and.13971
31. Eroglu U, Balci M, Coser S, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychosexual Functions of Healthcare Workers. J Sex Med. 2022;19(2):182-187. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.11.013
32. Bakr AM, El-Sakka AI. Erectile dysfunction among patients and health care providers during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. Int J Impot Res. 2022;34(2):145-151. doi:10.1038/s41443-021-00504-w

COVID-19 pandemisine karşı alınan sosyal izolasyon önlemlerinin sağlık çalışanlarının erektil fonksiyonları üzerine etkileri: prospektif karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma

Year 2022, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 74 - 82, 30.06.2022

Ahmet Cinislioğlu , Emre Şam , Nazan Cinislioğlu , Şaban Oğuz Demirdöğen , İbrahim Karabulut , Fatih Akkaş , Elif Özcan Tozoğlu , İbrahim Hakkı Tör , İsa Özbey

https://doi.org/10.33719/yud.2022;17-2-1064135

https://izlik.org/JA98DB63CE

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, COVID-19 pandemisinin doktor, hemşire, tıbbi sekreter, hastane personeli gibi farklı görevlerde bulunan sağlık çalışanları üzerinde yarattığı kaygının erektil disfonksiyona (ED) neden olup olmadığını araştırmayı amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: 1 Mayıs-1 Ağustos 2020 tarihleri arasında, son altı aydır haftada en az bir kez düzenli cinsel ilişkide bulunan ve daha önce COVID-19 kliniklerinde çalışmamış gönüllü erkek sağlık çalışanları çalışmaya dahil edildi. COVID-19 kliniklerinde çalışmadan önce ve çalışmaya başladıktan 4 hafta sonra, erektil fonksiyon Uluslararası Erektil Fonksiyon İndeksi-5 (IIEF-5) formu ile belirlendi. Anksiyete bozukluklarını ve şiddetini değerlendirmek için ise Hamilton Anksiyete Derecelendirme Ölçeği (HAM-A) kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 218 erkek sağlık çalışanı dahil edildi. Bunların 56'sı (%25,7) doktor, 81'i (%37,2) hemşire, 46'sı (%21,1) tıbbi sekreter ve 35'i (%16,1) sağlık personeliydi. Doktorların, COVID-19 servislerinde çalıştıktan 4 hafta sonra ölçülen HAM-A puanının (3,32±4,68), COVID-19 servislerinde çalışmadan önce ölçülen ortalama HAM-A puanına (28,43±14,05) göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğunu tespit ettik (p<0.001). Doktorların, COVID-19 servislerinde çalıştıktan 4 hafta sonra ölçülen ortalama IEEF-5 puanlarının (16,34±4,11), COVID-19 servislerinde çalışmadan önce ölçülen ortalama IEFF-5 puanına (22,29±2,35) göre anlamlı düzeyde düşük olduğunu tespit ettik (p<0.001).
Sonuç: Sonuçlarımız COVID-19 kliniklerinde çalışan sağlık çalışanlarının anksiyete ve ED düzeylerinin arttığını ve bu durumdan doktorların diğer sağlık çalışanlarına göre daha fazla etkilendiğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

COVID-19 , Sağlık çalışanları , Erektil disfonksiyon , Anksiyete , Hamilton Anksiyete Ölçeği

References

1. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):727–733. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017
2. Li H, Liu SM, Yu XH, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): current status and future perspectives. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;55(5):105951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105951
3. Jacob L, Smith L, Butler L, et al. COVID-19 Social Distancing and Sexual Activity in a Sample of the British Public. J Sex Med. 2020;17(7):1229-1236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.05.001
4. Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, et al. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):470–473.
5. COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. In: Worldometers website. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/. Accessed 5 May 2022
6. Schiavi MC, Spina V, Zullo MA, et al. Love in the Time of COVID-19: Sexual Function and Quality of Life Analysis During the Social Distancing Measures in a Group of Italian Reproductive-Age Women. J Sex Med. 2020;17(8):1407-1413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.06.006
7. NIH Consensus Conference. Impotence. NIH Consensus Development Panel on Impotence. JAMA. 1993;270(1):83–90.
8. Feldman HA, Goldstein I, Hatzichristou DG, et al. Impotence and its medical and psychosocial correlates: Results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Urol. 1994;151(1):54–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)34871-1
9. Gratzke C, Angulo J, Chitaley K, et al. Anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2010;7(1 Pt 2):445–475. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01624.x
10. Liu Q, Zhang Y, Wang J, et al. Erectile Dysfunction and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Sex Med. 2018;15(8):1073–1082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.05.016
11. Sugimori H, Yoshida K, Tanaka T, et al. Relationships between erectile dysfunction, depression, and anxiety in Japanese subjects. J Sex Med. 2005;2(3):390–396. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2005.20354.x
12. Liu X, Luo WT, Li Y, et al. Psychological status and behavior changes of the public during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Infect Dis Poverty. 2020;9(1):58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00678-3
13. González-Sanguino C, Ausín B, Castellanos MÁ, et al. Mental health consequences during the initial stage of the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:172-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.040
14. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(5):1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
15. Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, et al. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88:901-907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026
16. Turunç T, Deveci S, Güvel S, et al. The assessment of Turkish validation with 5 question version of International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). Turk J Urol. 2007;33(1):45–49.
17. Yazıcı M, Demir B, Tanrıverdi N, et al. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale: Interrater Reliabilty and Validity Study. Türk Psikiyatr Derg. 1998;9(2):114–120.
18. Matza LS, Morlock R, Sexton C, et al. Identifying HAM-A cutoffs for mild, moderate, and severe generalized anxiety disorder. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2010;19(4):223–232. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.323
19. Jern P, Gunst A, Sandnabba K, et al. Are early and current erectile problems associated with anxiety and depression in young men? A retrospective self-report study. J Sex Marital Ther. 2012;38(4):349–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2012.665818
20. Hale VE, Strassberg DS. The role of anxiety on sexual arousal. Arch Sex Behav. 1990;19(6):569–581. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01542466
21. Preti E, Di Mattei V, Perego G, et al. The Psychological Impact of Epidemic and Pandemic Outbreaks on Healthcare Workers: Rapid Review of the Evidence. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2020;22(8):43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-020-01166-z.
22. Bai YM, Lin CC, Lin CY, et al. Survey of stress reactions among health care workers involved with the SARS outbreak. Psychiatr Serv. 2004;55(9):1055–1057. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.55.9.1055.
23. Styra R, Hawryluck L, Robinson S, et al. Impact on health care workers employed in high-risk areas during the Toronto SARS outbreak. J Psychosom Res. 2008;64(2):177–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.07.015
24. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, et al. Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(3):e203976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
25. Koksal E, Dost B, Terzi Ö, et al. Evaluation of Depression and Anxiety Levels and Related Factors Among Operating Theater Workers During the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic. J Perianesthesia Nurs. 2020;35(5):472-477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2020.06.017
26. Lu W, Wang H, Lin Y, et al. Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:112936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112936
27. Culha MG, Demir O, Sahin O, et al. Sexual attitudes of healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 outbreak. Int J Impot Res. 2021;33(1):102–109. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41443-020-00381-9
28. Güzel A, Döndü A. Changes in sexual functions and habits of healthcare workers during the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional survey study. Ir J Med Sci. 2021;1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-021-02691-3
29. De Rose AF, Chierigo F, Ambrosini F, et al. Sexuality during COVID lockdown: a cross-sectional Italian study among hospital workers and their relatives. Int J Impot Res. 2021;33(1):131-136. doi:10.1038/s41443-020-00393-5
30. Bulut EC, Ertaş K, Bulut D, et al. The effect of COVID-19 epidemic on the sexual function of healthcare professionals. Andrologia. 2021;53(3):e13971. https://doi.org/10.1111/and.13971
31. Eroglu U, Balci M, Coser S, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychosexual Functions of Healthcare Workers. J Sex Med. 2022;19(2):182-187. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.11.013
32. Bakr AM, El-Sakka AI. Erectile dysfunction among patients and health care providers during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. Int J Impot Res. 2022;34(2):145-151. doi:10.1038/s41443-021-00504-w

There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Urology
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	Ahmet Cinislioğlu 0000-0002-1037-815X Emre Şam 0000-0001-7706-465X Nazan Cinislioğlu 0000-0002-6865-5551 Şaban Oğuz Demirdöğen 0000-0002-8697-8995 İbrahim Karabulut 0000-0001-6766-0191 Fatih Akkaş 0000-0002-4560-7426 Elif Özcan Tozoğlu 0000-0003-2300-2634 İbrahim Hakkı Tör 0000-0003-0246-3220 İsa Özbey 0000-0002-7889-3174
Publication Date	June 30, 2022
DOI	https://doi.org/10.33719/yud.2022;17-2-1064135
IZ	https://izlik.org/JA98DB63CE
Published in Issue	Year 2022 Volume: 17 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver	1.Ahmet Cinislioğlu, Emre Şam, Nazan Cinislioğlu, Şaban Oğuz Demirdöğen, İbrahim Karabulut, Fatih Akkaş, Elif Özcan Tozoğlu, İbrahim Hakkı Tör, İsa Özbey. The effects of social isolation measures taken against the COVID-19 pandemic on erectile functions of healthcare professionals: a prospective comparative study. New J Urol. 2022 Jun. 1;17(2):74-82. doi:10.33719/yud.2022;17-2-1064135

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