Histoloji ve embriyoloji uzmanı gözüyle: Asthenozoospermi

Abstract

Sperm motilitesi semen analizinde önemli bir parametredir. Düşük sperm motilitesi olarak tanımlanan asthenozoospermi erkek infertilitesinin önemli nedenlerinden biridir. Asthenozoospermi enfeksiyon, bakteri ve bakteriyel ürünler, sitokinler, anormal sperm gibi pek çok faktörle ilişkili olabilmektedir. Fakat moleküler mekanizması henüz tam olarak aydınlatılamamıştır. İnsan semen örnekleri, DSÖ Dünya Sağlık Örgütü kriterlerine göre deneyimli teknisyenler tarafından değerlendirilir. Semen örneği faz kontrast mikroskop altında incelenir ve motilite yüzdesi saptanır. Semen analizi sırasında gözlenen hiperviskozite, azalan sperm motilitesi dolayısıyla erkek infertilitesi ile ilişkilidir. Seminal lökositlerle sperm motilitesi arasındaki ilişki de hala tartışmalıdır. İmmotil spermin canlı olup olmadığını değerlendirmek için canlılık testleri uygulanmaktadır. En sık kullanılan canlılık testleri eozin canlılık testi ve hiperozmolar şişme testi HOS ’ dir. Asthenozoospermi olgularında motilite bozukluğuna sperm morfoloji bozuklukları da eklenince tablo daha da ağırlaşmaktadır. Sperm morfoloji değerlendirilmesinde sık olarak Papanicolaou, Shorr veya Diff-Quik boya yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak basit ve noninvaziv olan semen analizi ile erkek infertilitesine ilişkin pek çok veri elde edilebilmektedir. Doğru ve güvenilir semen analizi ile asthenozoospermi etiyolojisi aydınlatılarak motilite tedavisinde önemli ilerleme kaydedilebilir. Bu derlemede histoloji ve embriyoloji uzmanı gözüyle asthenozoosperminin değerlendirilmesi hedeflenmiştir

Keywords

• Asthenozoospermi,motilite,sperm,semen analizi

Asthenozoospermia: Through the eyes of histology and embryology specialist

Abstract

Sperm motility is an important parameter in semen analysis. Asthenozoospermia defined as low sperm motility is one of the major causes of male infertility. Asthenozoospermia could be due to many factors such as infection, bacteria and bacterial products, cytokines, abnormal sperm. But molecular mechanism is not fully understood. Human sperm samples are evaluated by trained technicians according to WHO World Health Organization criteria. Semen sample is observed under a phase contrast microscope and the motility rate is determined. Hyperviscosity during semen analysis is negatively related to decreased sperm motility and has a negative impact on male infertility. The association between seminal leukocytes and sperm motility is still a matter of debate in the literature. Viability tests should be performed to determine if the immotile sperm are alive or dead. Generally semen samples are subjected to eosin viability test or hypo-osmolar swelling HOS test. In cases with asthenozoospermia infertility increases to a greater extent when sperm morphology disorders are added to coexisting motility disorders. Generally in the assessment of sperm morphology are used Papanicolaou, Shorr or Diff-Quik staining methods. As a result, it can be seen that plenty of data are available to provide related to male infertility by means of carrying out basic and not invasive semen analysis. By accurate and confidential semen analysis etiology of asthenozoospermia may be illuminated and important progress can be taken in motility treatment. In this review it is aimed to evaluate asthenozoospermia through the eyes of histology and embryology specialist

Keywords

• Asthenozoospermia,motility,sperm,semen analysis

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