ELEŞTİREL IRK FEMİNİZMİ: KÖKENLER, ANALİTİK KATKILAR VE GÜNCEL ENDİŞELER

Abstract

Bu makale 1990’lı yıllarda gelişen Eleştirel Irk Feminizmini kökenleri, karakteristikleri, öne çıkan analitik araçları ve kimi yakın tarihli gelişmeler karşısındaki tutumuyla birlikte ele almayı amaçlamaktadır. Güncel bir betimleyici çalışma olarak planlanan araştırmada öncelikle Eleştirel Irk Feminizminin Eleştirel Hukuk Çalışmaları, Eleştirel Irk Teorisi ve Feminist Hukuk Teorisi gibi öncü hareketlerle ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Bu hareketlerle ortak yanları ele alındıktan sonra teorinin ortaya çıkmasına gerekçe oluşturan farklı özellikleri ve kesişimsellik ile anti özcülük gibi temel analitik katkıları üzerinde durulmuştur. Öncelikle eleştirel ırk feministlerinin hem Irkçılık Karşıtı Harekete hem de Feminist Hukuk Teorisine getirdikleri özcü eleştiriye temellenen anti özcülük teması ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda eleştirel ırk feministlerinin, ezilen özne olarak beyaz olmayan erkeklerin deneyimlerinin öne çıktığı ırkçılık karşıtı söyleme ve temel özne olarak beyaz kadınların deneyimlerinin baz alındığı Feminist Hukuk Teorisine getirdikleri eleştirilere yer verilmiştir. Ardından eleştirel ırk feministlerinin, bu öncü eleştirel yaklaşımların ihmal ettiği beyaz olmayan kadınların özgül deneyimlerini açıklamak için başvurduğu kesişimsellik kavramı üzerinde durulmuştur. Eleştirel Irk Feminizminin önde gelen analitik araçları ele alındıktan sonra yakın tarihli bazı gelişmeler karşısındaki tutumu incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda, COVID-19 pandemisi, Black Lives Matter Hareketi ve üniversiteye girişlerde pozitif ayrımcılık uygulamasını iptal eden ABD Federal Yüksek Mahkemesi kararı gibi güncel gelişmelere ilişkin Eleştirel Irk Feminizmi analizlerine yer verilmiştir. Böylelikle hukuk biliminde 1970’li yıllarda başlayan eleştirel geleneğin günümüzdeki temsilcilerinden biri olan Eleştirel Irk Feminizminin, genel ve güncel bir tasvirinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

• Eleştirel Irk Feminizmi
• kesişimsellik
• anti özcülük
• Eleştirel Irk Teorisi
• Feminist Hukuk Teorisi

CRITICAL RACE FEMINISM: ORIGINS, ANALYTICAL CONTRIBUTIONS, AND CURRENT CONCERNS

Abstract

This article aims to examine Critical Race Feminism along with its origins, characteristics, prominent analytical tools, and approaches to some current issues. To this end, the research, which is planned as an up-to-date descriptive study, first examines the relationship of Critical Race Feminism with several pioneering movements such as Critical Legal Studies, Critical Race Theory, and Feminist Legal Theory. After discussing its shared characteristics with these movements, and the different features that justified its emergence, the main analytical contributions offered by Critical Race Feminism such as intersectionality and anti-essentialism are presented. First, the theme of anti-essentialism, which is based on the critique of essentialism that critical race feminists directed both at anti-racist discourse and Feminist Legal Theory is discussed. In this context, critical race feminists' critique of the anti-racist discourse in which the experiences of men of color stand out, as well as the critique they directed at the feminist jurisprudence where the experiences of white women are taken as a basis are presented. This is followed by the examination of the concept of intersectionality, which critical race feminists use to address the specific experiences of women of color that former critical approaches have ignored. Following the examination of Critical Race Feminism's leading analytical tools, its approach to several current issues is scrutinized. In this context, the insights that critical race feminists offered into the COVID-19 pandemic, the Black Lives Matter movement, and the U.S. Supreme Court decision that ended affirmative action in college admissions are explored. In this way, the article aims to present a general and updated description of Critical Race Feminism, which is one of the current representatives of the critical legal tradition that started in the 1970s.

Keywords

• Critical Race Feminism
• intersectionality
• anti-essentialism
• Critical Race Theory
• Feminist Legal Theory

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