Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

INDIRECT EXPROPRIATION AS A CONCEPT OF POLITICAL RISK IN TERMS OF INTERNATIONAL ENERGY INVESTMENTS

Year 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 1859 - 1871, 15.10.2021

Abstract

The states, which are affluent in terms of resources, and the emerging economies both tend to attract the international investors and investments. Ideally, the course of making the decision to invest in a country by an investor incorporates a criteria to take into account as much as the economic outcome of such investment in future. Such criterion consists of the potential political risks, particularly with respect to the indirect expropriation, exposed by the host state. For the purpose of keeping any investment, it will have made in future, safe and favorable, any investor must take into account the indirect expropriation risks and regulations of the target country. When it comes to the actual circumstance, both the investors and the governments are negatively affected from the uncertainty in respect of both the local and the international law as well as the regulations. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to provide a better understanding for the concept of indirect expropriation as a political risk, and also to clarify such concept in legal terms.

References

  • BAKLACI, Pınar, Uluslararası yatırımlarda 'Dolaylı Kamulaştırma' ve düzenleyici yetkiler, Milletlerarası Hukuk ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni, Cilt 28, Sayı 1-2 (2008).
  • BILSON C.M., BRAILSFORD T.J., HOOPER V.J., The Explanatory Power of Political Risk in Emerging Markets, Working Paper Series in Finance 99-04, The Australian National University, 1999.
  • COTULA, Lorenzo, “Expropriation Clauses and Environmental Regulation: Diffusion of Law in the Era of Investment Treaties, Special Issue”, RECIEL, Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, Volume 24, Issue 3, 2015.
  • DAZA-CLARK, Ana Maria, “International investment law and water resources management: An Appraisal of Indirect Expropriation”, Nijhoff International Investment Law Series, Leiden; Boston: Brill Nijhoff, | Series: Nijhoff International Investment Law Series; Volume 6, 2017.
  • ERDEN, NALÇACIĞLU, Zeynep, H., “Milletlerarası Yatırım Hukukunda Dolaylı Kamulaştırma, Oniki Levha Yayıncılık, 1. Baskı, İstanbul, 2015.
  • ERKAN, Mustafa, International Energy Investment Law: Stability through Contractual Clauses, Wolters Kluwer Law & Business, Aralık 2010.
  • GAULT, John, Coping With Political Risk, Journal of World Energy Law & Business, Oxford University Press, Aralık 2012.
  • KAPLAN, Gürsel, Yeni Yasal Düzenlemelere Göre Kamulaştırmasız El Koyma Sebebiyle Doğan Tazmin Hakkının Tabi Olduğu Usul ve Esaslar, TBB Dergisi 2012.
  • KIRLI, Deniz Defne, Çok Taraflı Yatırım Garanti Kuruluşu (MIGA) ve Yabancı Yatırımların Politik Risklere Karşı Korunması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, 2004.
  • KÖKSAL, Tunay, Model Sözleşme Örnekleri ile Uluslararası İnşaat Hukuku, Adalet Yayınevi, Ankara, 2011.
  • SCHREUER, Christopher H., “The Concept of Expropriation Under the ECT and Other Investment Protection Treaties”, Investment Arbitration and the Energy Charter Treaty, Ed. By Clarisse Ribeiro, New York, Juris, 2006.
  • SCHWENDIMANN, J. S.: “Multinational Corporation and The Host Country Environment”, A Century of Foreign Investment in the Third World (ed. Michael J. Twomey), New York 2000.
  • ŞAMLI, Zekican, Uluslararası Hukukta Dolaylı Kamulaştırma Tanımı, Ayırtedici Özellikleri Ve Sonucu, Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Yayınları, Mecmua, 1. Bası, Ankara 2008.
  • WELLS, L. T.: “Private Foreign Investment in Infrastructure: Managing Non-Commercial Risk”, World Bank, September 1999.
  • YANNACA-SMALL, Catherine, Indirect Expropriation” and the “Right to Regulate in International Investment Law, September, 2004.

ULUSLARARASI ENERJİ YATIRIMLARI BAKIMINDAN BİR POLİTİK RİSK KAVRAMI OLARAK DOLAYLI KAMULAŞTIRMA

Year 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 1859 - 1871, 15.10.2021

Abstract

Kaynak açısından zengin devletler ve yükselen ekonomiler, uluslararası yatırımcıları ve yatırımları çekme eğilimindedir. İdeal olarak, yatırımcının bir ülkeye yatırım yapmaya karar verme sürecinde, yatırımının gelecekteki ekonomik sonucu kadar dikkatini vermesi gereken bir kriter vardır. Bu kriter, ev sahibi devletin özellikle dolaylı kamulaştırmaya ilişkin potansiyel politik riskleridir. Yatırımcılar, gelecekteki yatırımlarını güvenli ve elverişli tutabilmek için hedef ülkelerin dolaylı kamulaştırma risklerini ve düzenlemelerini göz önünde bulundurmalıdır. Gerçek duruma gelince, hem yatırımcılar hem de hükümetler bu hem yerel hem de uluslararası hukuk ve yönetmelik alanındaki belirsizlikten negatif etkilenmektedir. Bu bağlamda, bu makalenin amacı, politik bir risk olarak dolaylı kamulaştırma kavramına hukuki anlamda daha iyi bir anlayış ve açıklık getirmektir.

References

  • BAKLACI, Pınar, Uluslararası yatırımlarda 'Dolaylı Kamulaştırma' ve düzenleyici yetkiler, Milletlerarası Hukuk ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni, Cilt 28, Sayı 1-2 (2008).
  • BILSON C.M., BRAILSFORD T.J., HOOPER V.J., The Explanatory Power of Political Risk in Emerging Markets, Working Paper Series in Finance 99-04, The Australian National University, 1999.
  • COTULA, Lorenzo, “Expropriation Clauses and Environmental Regulation: Diffusion of Law in the Era of Investment Treaties, Special Issue”, RECIEL, Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, Volume 24, Issue 3, 2015.
  • DAZA-CLARK, Ana Maria, “International investment law and water resources management: An Appraisal of Indirect Expropriation”, Nijhoff International Investment Law Series, Leiden; Boston: Brill Nijhoff, | Series: Nijhoff International Investment Law Series; Volume 6, 2017.
  • ERDEN, NALÇACIĞLU, Zeynep, H., “Milletlerarası Yatırım Hukukunda Dolaylı Kamulaştırma, Oniki Levha Yayıncılık, 1. Baskı, İstanbul, 2015.
  • ERKAN, Mustafa, International Energy Investment Law: Stability through Contractual Clauses, Wolters Kluwer Law & Business, Aralık 2010.
  • GAULT, John, Coping With Political Risk, Journal of World Energy Law & Business, Oxford University Press, Aralık 2012.
  • KAPLAN, Gürsel, Yeni Yasal Düzenlemelere Göre Kamulaştırmasız El Koyma Sebebiyle Doğan Tazmin Hakkının Tabi Olduğu Usul ve Esaslar, TBB Dergisi 2012.
  • KIRLI, Deniz Defne, Çok Taraflı Yatırım Garanti Kuruluşu (MIGA) ve Yabancı Yatırımların Politik Risklere Karşı Korunması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, 2004.
  • KÖKSAL, Tunay, Model Sözleşme Örnekleri ile Uluslararası İnşaat Hukuku, Adalet Yayınevi, Ankara, 2011.
  • SCHREUER, Christopher H., “The Concept of Expropriation Under the ECT and Other Investment Protection Treaties”, Investment Arbitration and the Energy Charter Treaty, Ed. By Clarisse Ribeiro, New York, Juris, 2006.
  • SCHWENDIMANN, J. S.: “Multinational Corporation and The Host Country Environment”, A Century of Foreign Investment in the Third World (ed. Michael J. Twomey), New York 2000.
  • ŞAMLI, Zekican, Uluslararası Hukukta Dolaylı Kamulaştırma Tanımı, Ayırtedici Özellikleri Ve Sonucu, Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Yayınları, Mecmua, 1. Bası, Ankara 2008.
  • WELLS, L. T.: “Private Foreign Investment in Infrastructure: Managing Non-Commercial Risk”, World Bank, September 1999.
  • YANNACA-SMALL, Catherine, Indirect Expropriation” and the “Right to Regulate in International Investment Law, September, 2004.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Law in Context
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Selvi Duygu Sümertaş This is me 0000-0002-6930-8834

Publication Date October 15, 2021
Submission Date April 20, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 18 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Sümertaş, S. D. (2021). INDIRECT EXPROPRIATION AS A CONCEPT OF POLITICAL RISK IN TERMS OF INTERNATIONAL ENERGY INVESTMENTS. Yeditepe Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(2), 1859-1871.
AMA Sümertaş SD. INDIRECT EXPROPRIATION AS A CONCEPT OF POLITICAL RISK IN TERMS OF INTERNATIONAL ENERGY INVESTMENTS. YÜHFD. October 2021;18(2):1859-1871.
Chicago Sümertaş, Selvi Duygu. “INDIRECT EXPROPRIATION AS A CONCEPT OF POLITICAL RISK IN TERMS OF INTERNATIONAL ENERGY INVESTMENTS”. Yeditepe Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 18, no. 2 (October 2021): 1859-71.
EndNote Sümertaş SD (October 1, 2021) INDIRECT EXPROPRIATION AS A CONCEPT OF POLITICAL RISK IN TERMS OF INTERNATIONAL ENERGY INVESTMENTS. Yeditepe Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 18 2 1859–1871.
IEEE S. D. Sümertaş, “INDIRECT EXPROPRIATION AS A CONCEPT OF POLITICAL RISK IN TERMS OF INTERNATIONAL ENERGY INVESTMENTS”, YÜHFD, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 1859–1871, 2021.
ISNAD Sümertaş, Selvi Duygu. “INDIRECT EXPROPRIATION AS A CONCEPT OF POLITICAL RISK IN TERMS OF INTERNATIONAL ENERGY INVESTMENTS”. Yeditepe Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 18/2 (October 2021), 1859-1871.
JAMA Sümertaş SD. INDIRECT EXPROPRIATION AS A CONCEPT OF POLITICAL RISK IN TERMS OF INTERNATIONAL ENERGY INVESTMENTS. YÜHFD. 2021;18:1859–1871.
MLA Sümertaş, Selvi Duygu. “INDIRECT EXPROPRIATION AS A CONCEPT OF POLITICAL RISK IN TERMS OF INTERNATIONAL ENERGY INVESTMENTS”. Yeditepe Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 18, no. 2, 2021, pp. 1859-71.
Vancouver Sümertaş SD. INDIRECT EXPROPRIATION AS A CONCEPT OF POLITICAL RISK IN TERMS OF INTERNATIONAL ENERGY INVESTMENTS. YÜHFD. 2021;18(2):1859-71.