ULUSLARARASI CEZA MAHKEMESİ STATÜSÜNE TARAF OLMAYAN DEVLETLER BAKIMINDAN DEVLET VE HÜKÜMET BAŞKANLARININ YARGILANABİLMESİ

Year 2025, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 633 - 684, 26.06.2025

Kenan Dülger

https://doi.org/10.63117/yuhfd.1727985

Abstract

Uluslararası hukukta devletlerin sahip oldukları yargı bağışıklığı kavramının devlet ve hükümet başkanlarına da benzer şekilde uygulanıp uygulanmayacağı en fazla yöneltilen soru olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Devletler egemenlik yetkilerinden ötürü eşit olarak kabul gördükleri için birbirleri üzerinde yargı yetkisi kullanabilmelerinin imkânı bulunmamaktadır. İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası ortaya çıkan uygulama örneklerinde, devlet ve hükümet başkanlarına tanınan yargı bağışıklığının, insanlığa karşı suçlar veya savaş suçları gibi uluslararası suçların söz konusu olduğunda tanınmayacağı anlayışı ortaya çıkmıştır. 1998 yılında Roma Statüsü ile kurulan Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi’nde bugüne kadar birçok devlet ve hükümet başkanı yargılanmıştır. Ancak daha tartışmalı olan husus ise Roma Statüsüne taraf olmayan devletler yönünden Mahkeme’nin yetkili olup olmadığıdır. Mahkeme bugüne kadar yargı yetkisini kabul etmeyen Sudan, Libya ve Rusya devlet başkanlarına yönelik bağışıklık tanımaksızın yargı yetkisini kullanmıştır. Benzer bir durumun, işgal altındaki Filistin topraklarında Ekim 2023’ten bugüne kadar işlenen ihlaller nedeniyle İsrailli devlet ve hükümet başkanları yönünden gerçekleşip gerçekleşmeyeceği tartışmalı hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada anılan soruya cevap aranmaya çalışılmaktadır.

Keywords

Yargı bağışıklığı , devlet başkanı , hükümet başkanı , İsrail , Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi

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