COVID-19 Enfeksiyonunda Epidemiyoloji ve Korunma

Year 2020, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 1 - 7, 30.06.2020

Nurhayat Saydam

Abstract

Koronavirüsler hem birçok hayvan türünü hem de insanı enfekte edebilirler. Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 COVID-2019 ’un etkeni, yeni bir koronavirüs olan şiddetli akut solunum yetmezliği sendromu koronavirus 2 severe acute respiratory syndrome koronavirus 2 / SARS-CoV-2 ’dir. Aralık 2019 sonunda, Çin’in Hubei eyaletinin Wuhan şehrinde nedeni bilinmeyen pnömoni vakalarından yapılan incelemeler sonucu tanımlanmıştır. Virüsün tüm dünya ülkelerinde hızla yayılımı sonucunda Dünya Sağlık Örgütü DSÖ Mart 2020’de pandemi bildirimi yapmıştır. Ve günümüze kadar yedi milyondan fazla konfirme edilmiş COVİD-19 vakası, Antartika hariç tüm ülkelerden toplam olarak bildirilmiştir. Bulaşma esas olarak yakın temas ile damlacık yoluyla olmaktadır. Solunum damlacıkları tipik olarak altı fitten yaklaşık 2 metre daha uzağa gidemezler. Ancak bazı durumlarda havayolu bulaş önlemleri alınmalıdır. Diğer bir bulaş şekli ise indirekt sekonder yoldur. Kontamine bir yüzeye dokunulduktan sonra ellerle göz, burun veya ağıza dokunulmasıyla gerçekleşir. SARS-CoV-2 gayta, kan, göz sekresyonları ve semende de gösterilmiştir, ancak bulaşta rollerinin olup olmadığı henüz netleşmemiştir. Hayvanların majör enfeksiyon kaynağı olduğuna dair kanıt mevcut değildir. Toplumda bulaş riskini azaltmak için eller özenle yıkanmalı, solunum hijyenine dikkat edilmelidir öksürürken ağzı kapatmak gibi . Sosyal mesafenin korunması, mümkün olduğunca kalabalıklardan ve hasta bireylerden uzak durulması kişiyi toplumdan bulaştan koruyacaktır. Hastalığın yayılımını engellemek için hem sağlık kuruluşları hem de ev ortamlarında çevresel enfeksiyon kontrol prosedürleri uygulanmalıdır.

Keywords

COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , pandemi , bulaş , kontrol

Epidemiology of COVID-19 and Protection

Abstract

Coronaviruses can infect many animal species and also human. Coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-2019 is caused by a novel coronavirus; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARSCoV-2 . At the end of December, it was identified as the cause of several pneumonia cases in Wuhan, a city in the Hubei Province of China. The virus has spread throughout World countries so rapidly that, the World Health Organization WHO announced a pandemic in March 2020. Since than, more than six million confirmed COVID-19 cases have been reported throughout the World except for Antarctica. Transmission mainly occurs via close contact through respiratory droplets. Droplets typically do not travel more than six feet about two meters . But airborne precautions must be taken in certain settings. Another way of transmission is indirect secondary form; which occurs by touching a contaminated surface and then touching person’s eyes, nose, or mouth. SARS-CoV-2 has also been detected in stool, blood, ocular secretions, and semen, but it is not clear whether these sites play a role in transmission. There is no evidence regarding animals as a major source of infection in humans. To reduce the risk of transmission in the community, each person must wash hands nicely and practice respiratory hygiene eg, cover their cough . Social distancing, avoidance crowds and close contact with patients, if possible, will protect people from community transmission. For reducing the spread of illness, environmental infection control procedures should be implemented in both health care and home settings.

Keywords

COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , pandemic , transmission , control

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