SARS-CoV-2 Aşı Çalışmaları

Year 2020, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 42 - 47, 30.06.2020

Semra Güngör Emel Örün

Abstract

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü DSÖ Çin Ülke Ofisi 31 Aralık 2019’da Çin’in Hubei Eyaleti, Wuhan şehrinde etiyolojisi bilinmeyen pnömoni vakaları bildirmiştir. Hastalık etkeni tanımlandıktan sonra etken‚‘Ağır akut solunum yolu yetersizliği sendromu korona virüs 2’ SARSCoV-2 , yol açtığı hastalık “Koronavirüs hastalığı 2019 COVID-19 ” olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Vaka sayıları hızla artarak tüm dünyaya yayılmış ve 11 Mart 2020’de DSÖ tarafından pandemi ilan edilmiştir. SARS-CoV-2 büyük, pozitif polariteli, tek zincirli, zarflı, polimorfik bir RNA virüsüdür. Spike S proteini virüsün en değişken bölgesi olup, konak hücrede anjiotensin dönüştürücü enzim 2 reseptörüne bağlanma, membran füzyonu, konak hücre tropizminin belirlenmesini sağlar ve konak spesifitesi, hastalığın yayılımı ve insan nötralizan antikor gelişimi ile ilişkilidir. Yüzey glikoproteinleri aşı geliştirmede en önemli hedeftir. Yeni coronavirusun tüm dünyada salgına sebep olması, hızlı yayılması, mortalite oranının yüksek olması, tam etkin tedavinin henüz olmaması nedeni ile tedavilerden daha uygun maliyetli ve küresel sağlığın korunması için aşının ivedilikle bulunma çalışmalarını tetiklemiştir. DSÖ’nün açıklamasına göre 2 Haziran 2020 tarihi itibari ile klinik aşamada faz 1, 2 ve 2/3 aşamalarında 10, preklinik aşamada 123 SARS-CoV-2 aşı adayı bulunmaktadır. Aşı geliştirmedeki amaç hastalığın şiddetini, virüsün bulaşını ve gelecekteki hastalık yükünü azaltmaktır. Daha önce yapılan diğer koronavirüs aşı çalışmaları SARS-CoV-2 aşı çalışmalarına aşı geliştirme sürecinde öncü ve zaman kazandırıcı olması beklenmektedir.

Keywords

Koronavirus hastalığı-19 , ağır akut solunum yolu yetersizliği sendromu-korona virüs-2 , aşı geliştirme , klinik araştırmalar

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Researches

Abstract

On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization WHO China Country Office reported pneumonia cases of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China, Hubei Province. After the virüs agent was identified, the agent of the disease was named as “Severe acute respiratory failure syndrome corona virus 2” SARS-CoV-2 , the name of the disease caused by Corona virus disease 2019 COVID-19 . The number of cases increased rapidly and spread all over the world and was declared as a pandemic by WHO on March 11, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 is a big, positive-sense, single chain, enveloped, polymorphic RNA virus. Spike S protein, the most variable region of the virus, allows binding to the host cell angiotensin converting enzyme-2 receptor, membrane fusion, determination of host cell tropism and associated with host specificity, spreading and human neutralizing antibody development. Surface glycoproteins are the most important target in vaccine development. Since the new coronavirus caused epidemic worldwide, spread rapidly, has high mortality rate, and not yet found a fully effective treatment, it has triggered the efforts to find vaccine more cost-effectively than the treatments and to protect global health. According to the WHO statement, as of June 2, 2020, there are 10 candidates for SARSCoV-2 vaccine at the clinical stage phase 1, 2, 2/3 stage and 123 in the preclinical stage. The aim of vaccine development is to reduce the severity of the disease, transmission of the virus and the burden of future disease. Other previous coronavirus vaccine studies are expected to be pioneering and time-saving for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine studies in the vaccine development process.

Keywords

Corona virus disease 2019 , severe acute respiratory failure syndrome-corona virus 2 , vaccine development , clinical researches

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