Sucul Ortamlarda Biyoindikatör ve Biyobelirteçler

Öz

Artan insan aktivitesi, su kaynaklarındaki fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik süreçleri değiştirmektedir. Bu değişim kaynaklarda yaşayan biyotayı da etkilemektedir. Yapılan araştırmalar bu değişimin düzeyini belirlemek için kimyasal incelemelerin yanısıra biyolojik incelemelerin de yapılmasının gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Biyolojik incelemeler kimyasal yöntemler ile tespit edilemeyen bazı verilerin elde edilmesi bakımından avantaj sağlamaktadır. Biyoindikatör ve biyobelirteç (biomarker) kavramları bu incelemelerin kaynağını oluşturmaktadır. Biyoindikatörler sucul ortmalarda yaşayan bazı spesifik tür veya tür gruplarını içerirken, biyobelirteçler bu canlılara ait bazı biyokimyasal, fizyolojik ve histolojik parametreleri içermektedir. Sucul ekosistemlerde meydana gelen değişikliklerin izlenmesi için oluşturulan biyoizleme programlarına biyoindikatör türler ve biyobelirteç parametreler mutlaka dahil edilmektedir. Bu derlemede bu kavramlar ve yararlılıkları tartışılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyoindikatör,biyobelirteç,sucul ortam,kirlilik

Bioindicators and Biomarkers in Aquatic Environments

Abstract

Increased human activity may cause alterations in water resources by effecting its physico-chemical and biological fate. These possible changes impact biota living in this environment. Results from the field and laboratory studies suggest that chemical analysis used to determine the level of the impact should be supported by the biological parameters. These parameters have advantages since they can be used to obtain data which can not be detected by the chemical methods. The notions “bioindicator” and “biomarker” are the base of these biological observations. Bioindicators can compose of spesific species or groups of species, however, biomarkers can contain biological, physiological and histological parameters. Bioindicator organisms and their biomarkers should be involved together in biomonitoring programmes which observe the changes in aquatic ecosystem. These concepts and their usefulness were discussed in this review.

Keywords

• Bioindicator,biomarker,aquatic environment,pollution

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