Gökkuşağı Alabalık (Oncorhynchus mykiss W., 1792)Spermasında Motilite, Canlılık ve Fertilizasyon Üzerine Bir Sulandırıcı Olarak Üzüm Pekmezinin Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, gökkuşağı alabalıklarının (Oncorhynchus mykiss) dondurulan spermasına % 5, 7 ve 10 oranında katılan pekmezin sperma motilitesi, hareketliliği ve döllenme oranı üzerine etkisi incelendi. Altı adet erkek balık sperması % 7 dimetil sülfoksit ile birlikte % 5, 7 ve 10 oranında pekmez içeren sulandırıcı ile sulandırıldı. Spermalar 0.25 ml payetlerde, sıvı azot buharında dondurularak 2 hafta boyunca sıvı azot içerisinde muhafaza edildi. Spermatozoa motilitesi üzerine pekmez etkisi açısından, %10 oranında üzüm pekmezinin (P<0.001) daha faydalı olduğu ve (P>0.05) döllenme oranı üzerine pekmezin tüm oranlarında önemli bir fark bulunamadığı saptandı. Ancak, % 10 oranında kullanılan pekmez ile dondurulan spermalardan elde edilen döllenme oranı glikoz sulandırıcısı için elde edilen en yüksek değerden daha iyi oldu (96.4%). Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, % 10 oranında pekmezin gökkuşağı alabalıklarının spermalarının dondurulmasında kullanılabileceği kanaatine varıldı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yetiştiricilik,dondurma,kriyoprezervasyon,sperm

The Effect of Grape Molasses as an Extender on Motility, Viability and Fertility in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W., 1792) Sperm

Abstract

In this study, the effects of three different dosages of grape molasses (5, 7, 10 %) as a diluent were investigated on post‐thaw motility, sperm viability and fertilization rate of frozen spermatozoa from the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Semen from six male fish sperm was diluted with in extenders containing 5, 7, and 10% grape molasses with dimethyl sulfoxide 7%. The semen was frozen in 0.25 ml straws in liquid nitrogen vapor and stored in liquid nitrogen for 2 weeks. From the point of grape molasses effect over sperm motility, grape molasses level of  10 % was found more beneficial (P<0.001), and there was no significant difference between various level of grape molasses on fertilization rate (P>0.05). But, the 10% grape molasses solution was better (96.4%) than the glucose solution which has the highest fertilization rate (P<0.05). As a result of the study, the level of 10% grape molasses is given that might be used to freezing rainbow trout sperm.

Keywords

• Aquaculture,freezing,cryopreservation,milt

References

1. Alvarez, J. G. and Storey, B. T. 1982. Spontaneous lipid peroxidation in rabbi epididymal spermatozoa: its effect on sperm motility. Biol Reprod 27: 1102-1108, doi: 10.1095/biolreprod27.5.1102.
2. Anchordoguy, T. J., Rudolph, A. S., Carpenter, J. F. and Crowe, J. H. 1987. Modes of interaction of cryoprotectants with membrane phospholipids during freezing. Cryobiology 34: 324-331, doi:10.1016/0011-2240(87)90036-8.
3. Aral, F., Şahinöz, E. and Doğu, Z. 2005. Annual changes in sperm characteristics of young rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W., 1792) during spawning season in Ataturk Dam Lake, Sanliurfa, Turkey. J Anim Vet Adv 4: 309–313.
4. Betsy, C. J., Stephen, J., Kumar, S. and Rajagopalasamy, C. B. T. 2015. Role of glucose in enhancing life and potency of Cirrhinus mrigala spermatozoa during cryopreservation. J Appl Nat Sci 7 (1): 159–164.
5. Billard, R. and Jensen, J. O. T. 1996. Gamete Removal, Fertilization and incubation. P 291-363, In W. Pennell, B.A. Barton (Eds) Principles of Salmonid Culture. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
6. Bozkurt, H., Göğüş, F. and Eren, S. 1999. Nonenzymic browning reactions in boiled grape juice and its models during storage. Food Chem 64: 89–93.
7. Cabrita, E., Robles, V., Cunado, S., Wallace, J. C., Sarasquete, C. and Herráez, M. P. 2005. Evaluation of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, sperm quality after cryopreservation in 5ml macrotubes. Cryobiology 50: 273–284, doi:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2005.02.005.
8. Ciereszko, A., Dietrich, G. J., Nynca, J., Dobosz, S. and Zalewski, T. 2014. Cryopreservation of rainbow trout semen using a glucose-methanol extender. Aquaculture 420–421: 275–28, doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.11.014.

9. Dong, Q., Huang, C. and Tiersch, T. R. 2006. Post-thaw amendment of cryopreserved sperm for use in artificial insemination of a viviparous fish, the green swordtail Xiphophorus helleri. Aquaculture 259: 403–414, doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.05.011.
10. Ekici, A., Baran, A., Yamaner, G., Ozdas, O. B., Sandal, A. I., Guven, E. and Baltaci, M. A. 2012. Effects of different doses of taurine in the glucose-based extender during cryopreservation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) semen. Biotech Biotechnol Equip 26: 3113–3115, doi: 10.5504/bbeq.2012.0041.
11. Gadea, J. 2003. Semen extenders used in the artificial insemination of swine. Span J Agric Res (Rew) 1(2): 17-27, doi: 10.5424/sjar/2003012-17.
12. Gardiner, D. M. 1978. Utilization of extracellular glucose by spermatozoa of two viviparous fishes. Comp Biochem and Physiol 59: 165-168, doi:10.1016/0300-9629(78)90200-1.
13. Gilmore, J. A., Du Junying, T. J., Peter, A. T. and Critser, J. K. 1996. Osmotic properties of boar spermatozoa and their relevance to cryopreservation. J Reprod and Fertil 107: 87-95, doi: 10.1530/jrf.0.1070087.
14. Hamner, E. and Charles, O. A. 1969. Physiological considerations in capacitatum of spermatozoa. In endocrinological de la reproduction. Mexico, D.E. La Prensa Medica Mexican, pp. 24-46.
15. Harvey, B. and Kelley, R. N. 1984. Chilled storage of Sarotherodon mossambicus milt. Aquaculture 36: 85-95, doi:10.1016/0044-8486(84)90056-5.
16. He, S. and Woods, L. C. 2003. The Effects of Osmolality, Cryoprotectant and equilibration time on striped bass Morone saxatilis sperm motility. J. W Aquacul Soc 34: 3, doi: 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2003.tb00064.x.
17. Holtz, W. 1993. Cryopreservation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sperm: practical recommendations. Aquaculture 110: 97-100.
18. İnan, Ö., Arslan, D., Taşdemir, Ş. and Özcan, M. M. 2011. Application of fuzzy expert system approach on prediction of some quality characteristics of grape juice concentrate (Pekmez) after different heat treatments. J Food Sci Techol 48 (4): 423–431, doi: 10.1007/s13197-010-0219-6.
19. Jeyalectumie, C. and Subramoniam, T. 1989. Cryopreservation of spermatophores and seminal plasma of the edible crab Scylla serrata. Biol Bull 177: 247-253, doi: 10.2307/1541940.
20. Judycka, S., Szczepkowski, M., Ciereszko, A. and Dietrich, G. J. 2015. New extender for cryopreservation of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) sperm. Cryobiology 70 (2): 184–189, 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.02.005.
21. Kaya, A. and Belibağlı, K. B. 2002. Rheology of solid Gaziantep Pekmez. J Food Eng 54: 221-226, doi:10.1016/S0260-8774(01)00205-9.
22. McAndrew, B. J., Rana, K. J. and Penman, D. J. 1993. Conservation and preservation of genetic variation in aquatic organisms J.F. Muir, R.J. Roberts (Eds.), Recent Advances in Aquaculture, Vol. IV. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 295–336, ISBN: 9780632028986.
23. Molinia, F. C., Evans, G. and Maxwell, W. M. C. 1994. In vitro evaluation of zwitterion buffers in diluents for freezing ram spermatozoa. Rep Nutr Dev 34: 491-500, doi: 10.1051/rnd:19940510.
24. Mounib, M. S. 1978. Cryogenic preservation of fish and mammalian spermatozoa. J Reprod Fert 53: 13-18, doi: 10.1530/jrf.0.0530013.
25. Muchlisin, Z. A., Hashim, R. and Chong, A. 2004. Preliminary study on the cryopreservation of bagrid catfish spermatozoa: Effect of different extenders and cryoprotectants on the motility after short-term storage. Theriogenology 62 (1-2): 25-37, doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2003.05.006.
26. Ponniah, A. G., Lakra, W. S. and Ogale, S. N. 1999. Effects of cryoprotectant and fertilization protocol on viability of Mahseer Tor khudree cryopreserved spermatozoa. J Aqua Trop 14 (2): 153-158.
27. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, 2015. Pekmez (mollasees), grapes, Southeast Turkey. Retrieved from http://www.turkomp.gov.tr/food/540?locale=en. 04.08.2015.
28. Rani, K. U. and Munuswamy, N. 2014. Preliminary studies on the cryopreservation of spermatozoa in the fresh water fish common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). J Coast Life Med 2 (3): 181-186, doi:10.12980/JCLM.2.2014C1254.
29. Reyes, M. D. L., Saenz, L., Lapierre, L., Crosby, J. and Barros, C. 2002. Evaluation of glucose as a cryoprotectant for boar semen. Vet Rec 151: 477-480, doi: 10.1136/vr.151.16.477.
30. Salamon, S. 1968. Deep freezing of ram semen: Recovery of spermatozoa after pelleting and comparison with other methods. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 2l: 351, 10.1071/BI9680351.
31. Sarvi, K., Niksirat, H., Mojazi, A. B., Mirtorabi, S. M., Rafiee, G. R. and Bakhtiyari, M. 2006. Cryopreservation of semen from the endangered Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius). Aquaculture 256: 564–569, doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.02.012.
32. Stein, H. and Bayrle, H. 1978. Cryopreservation of the sperm of some freshwater teleosts' Annales de Biologie". Ann Biol Anim Bioch Biophys 18: 1013-1076.
33. Stoss, J. 1983. Fish gamete preservation and spermatozoan phsiology. P305-350. In WS Hoar, DC Randall and EM Donaldson (eds.) Fish Phys Vol IX. Pt.B. Academic Press.New York. NY.
34. Stoss, J. and Holtz, W. 1981. Cryopreservation of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) sperm. I. Effect of thawing solution, sperm density and interval between thawing and insemination. Aquaculture 22: 97–104, doi:10.1016/0044-8486(81)90136-8.
35. Stoss, J. and Refstie, T. 1983. Short-term storage and cryopreservation of milt from Atlantic salmon and Sea trout. Aquaculture 30: 229-326, doi:10.1016/0044-8486(83)90165-5.
36. Tekin, N., Seçer, S., Akçay, E., Bozkurt, Y. and Kayam, S. 2003. Gökkuşağı alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss W., 1792) yaşın spermatolojik özellikler üzerine etkisi. Türk J Vet Anim Sci 27: 37–44.
37. Turhan, İ. and Tetik, N. 2010. Introduction of different kinds of pekmez in Turkey. The 1st International Symposium on “Traditional Foods From Adriatic to Caucasus”, 15 – 17 April, Tekidağ/Turkey.
38. Uberti, M. F., Vieira, F. N., Salência, H. R., Vieira, G. S. and Vinatea, L. A. 2014. Assessment of viability of sperm cells of Litopenaeus vannamei on cryopreservation. Braz Arch Boil Tech 57 (3): 374-380, doi: 10.1590/S1516-89132014005000013.
39. Üstün, Ş. N. and Tosun, İ. 1997. The composition of Pekmez. Gıda, 417-423.
40. Vishwanath, R. and Shannon, P. 2000. Storage of bovine semen in liquid and frozen state. Anim Reprod Sci 62 (1–3): 23–53, doi:10.1016/S0378-4320(00)00153-6.
41. Woelders, H,, Marthijs, A. and Engel. 1997. Effects of trehalose and sucrose, osmolarity of the freezing medium, and cooling rate on viability and intactness of full sperm after freezing and thawing. Cryobiology 35: 93-105, doi: 10.1006/cryo.1997.2028.
42. Yıldız, C., Kaya, A., Aksoy, M. and Tekeli, T. 2000. Influence of sugar supplementation of the extender on motility, viability and acrosomal integrity of dog spermatozoa during freezing. Theriogenology 54: 59-585, doi: 10.1016/S0093-691X(00)00373-3.
43. Yoğurtçu, H. and Kamışlı, F. 2006. Determination of rheological properties of some pekmez samples in Turkey. J Food Eng 77: 1064–1068, doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.08.036.