Balık, Kabuklu ve Eklembacaklıların Beslenmesinde Fosfolipid Kullanımının Etkileri

Year 2017, , 295 - 302, 01.09.2017

Ayşe Gül Harlıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.17693/yunusae.vi.286052

Abstract

Fosfolipidler
(PL), balık ve krustase için hazırlanan diyetlerde esansiyel besin maddesi olup
büyüme, hayatta kalma, stres faktörlerine karşı toleransın artması,
deformitelerin azalması ve yem kullanımında verimin artması üzerinde etkilidir.
Balıklarda ve kurustasede, özellikle larva ve yavru gelişimi dönemlerinde, PL
sentezinin düşük düzeyde olması nedeniyle metabolik ihtiyacın kontrollü
ortamlarda yapılan üretimde besinlerle karşılanması gerekmektedir.
Fosfolipidler farklı sınıflardan oluşurken (fosfatidil serin (PS), fosfatidil
etanolamin (PE), fosfatidil kolin (PC), fosfatidil gliserol (PG) fosfatidil
inositol (PI) ve di fosfatidil gliserol (DPG)), bu
lipidlerin kimyasal yapıları, yağ asidi profilleri farklılık göstermekte ve
biyokimyasal fonksiyonları değişmektedir. Bu nedenle, diyetlere ilave edilen
farklı fosfolipid kaynaklarının balıklar ve krustasenin beslenmeleri
üzerindeki etkileri de farklı olmaktadır. Genel olarak, PC ve PI
fosfolipidlerin değerlendirilmesi bakımından daha etkili olmakla beraber
optimal miktarlar, türlere, gelişim dönemlerine ve diyetlerin formülasyonunda
kullanılan bitkisel hammadde miktarlarına bağlı olarak değişim gösterebilmektedir.
Dolayısıyla, kültürü yapılan balıklar ve krustase için hazırlanan rasyonlarda
ihtiyacı karşılayacak fosfolipid düzeylerinin belirlenmesi gerekmektedir.

Keywords

Fosfolipid, balık, krustase, beslenme

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